DC -- Lincoln Memorial:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- LINC_210110_05.JPG: This stuff has been a plague on a lot of public buildings.
From https://www.nps.gov/nama/learn/news/jefferson-memorial-biofilm.htm
National Park Service Studies Biofilm Blackening the Thomas Jefferson Memorial
The dome of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial is one of the iconic landmarks on the Washington, D.C. skyline. In recent years, however, the gleaming white rotunda has become increasingly darkened, but not by dirt or mold, as the casual eye might suspect. The culprit is a colony of microscopic organisms, called biofilm, which adheres to stone surfaces and is proving a challenge as the National Park Service investigates how to treat it.
"The increased presence of biofilm presents a new challenge in the care of memorials throughout the National Mall, particularly at the Thomas Jefferson Memorial," said Gay Vietzke, superintendent of National Mall and Memorial Parks. "We are continuing to study biofilm and research treatment methods, and look forward to restoring the dome to its original luster while ensuring its long-term preservation."
The blackening effects of biofilm are not a problem unique to the Jefferson Memorial. It can be found throughout Washington, from the Lincoln Memorial to tombstones at Congressional Cemetery, and around the world, from Hadrian's Villa in Italy to Angkor Wat in Cambodia and even on monuments in Egypt. It was successfully treated at the D.C. War Memorial in 2011.
While the study of the relationship of biofilms on buildings and the effects of cleaning them is still young, one of the common factors in the existence of many biofilms is the presence of nutrients and a place to grow, like stone. At the Jefferson Memorial, perhaps the most significant factor in its development is the erosion of the marble through natural weathering. The marble blocks that make up the Jefferson Memorial were smooth when they were originally hoisted into position, but over the years, rain has slowly eroded the marble, turning its once smooth surfaces into pitted surfaces –the perfect environment for a biofilm.
The black biofilm on the Jefferson Memorial first became noticeable in 2006 and has become increasingly more pronounced in recent years. A multi-disciplinary team of conservators, architects, and molecular biologists has been studying the growth on the Jefferson Memorial since 2014 as they prepare to test potential treatment options.
"Treatment of biofilm is difficult, as there is no known permanent method for removing it, and we have to ensure that any treatment must not do further damage to the soft marble of the memorial nor encourage further growth," said Catherine Dewey, chief of resource management for National Mall and Memorial Parks. "We are testing a variety of treatment techniques to find the option that is least damaging to the stone, safe for the environment and visitors, and cost effective."
National Park Service officials recently began testing ten different chemical biocides in small patches affected by biofilm at the base of the Jefferson Memorial and will monitor how effective each one is in the coming days and weeks. They will also experiment with more non-traditional treatment options, including ozonated water and irradiation with lasers.
There is no timeline for treatment of the dome and National Park Service officials stress that it's a deliberative process to ensure that whatever treatment is selected will do no further harm to the Jefferson Memorial. The treatment method ultimately chosen will help define the cost to restore the dome, which in turn drive the timeline for when the work will be scheduled.
- LINC_210110_46.JPG: Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of
that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate ~ we can not consecrate ~ we can not hallow, this ground. The brave men living and dead who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us ~ that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion ~ that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain ~ that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom ~ and that government of the people by the people for the people shall not perish from the earth.
- LINC_210221_241.JPG: ASUVCW [ Auxiliary to Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War ]
Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War 1861-1865
- LINC_210221_245.JPG: LBNCC [ ??? ]
Department of Interior National Park Service
- LINC_210221_250.JPG: Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War 1861-1865
- LINC_210221_262.JPG: Auxiliary Oder of Loyal Legion of the US
Dames of the Loyal Legion US
- LINC_210221_265.JPG: SUVCW [ Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War ]
- LINC_210221_376.JPG: ASUVCW [ Auxiliary to Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War ]
Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War 1861-1865
LBNCC [ ??? ]
Department of Interior National Park Service
[Can't see]
Auxiliary Oder of Loyal Legion of the US
Dames of the Loyal Legion US
SUVCW [ Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War ]
- LINC_210221_381.JPG: According to the National Park Service page Lincoln Memorial Myths ( https://www.nps.gov/linc/learn/historyculture/lincoln-memorial-myths.htm ):
A word is misspelled in the Lincoln Memorial.
In Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, depicted on the north wall of the memorial, an engraver inadvertently carved a letter "E" where he meant to carve an "F." This error was corrected by filling in a portion of the carving to revert it to an "F." Status: Partially true.
- LINC_210221_403.JPG: Wreaths adorn the Lincoln Memorial after Abraham Lincoln's birthday.
- LINC_210321_01.JPG: It was fairly crowded despite the pandemic.
- LINC_210321_61.JPG: The screwed up engraving -- "Future" was done incorrectly as "Euture", something which was probably reduced for the engraver.
- LINC_210327_01.JPG: National Guard troops seeing the sites.
- LINC_210327_22.JPG: COVID-19 Safety Alert
Notice
Masks are required outdoors when social distancing cannot be maintained.
Thank you for helping to keep yourself and others safe and healthy.
- LINC_210418_27.JPG: Welcome
For our safety and yours we are limiting capacity to 6 individuals
Thank you for your understanding
America's National Parks
- LINC_210418_50.JPG: A happy graduate!
- LINC_210531_007.JPG: If you served at Camp LeJeune
between 1953-1987, you were exposed to highly contaminated drinking water
TFTPTF.com
- LINC_210531_018.JPG: I keep telling people about the typo in the engraving.
- LINC_210531_032.JPG: Chaplain CDR Thomas O'Flanagan had given the invocation at the World War II Memorial Day ceremony and was on his way to visit the Vietnam memorial before their Memorial Day service. He heard me telling people about "EUTURE" typo and some other things and suggested I should be doing a video blog. He's an inspirational person but I begged off his suggestion.
- LINC_210531_095.JPG: Recent grads.
- LINC_210531_099.JPG: 4 Score and
7 Years ago
th [as in "47th"]
President
- LINC_210531_103.JPG: 47th President
2024
- AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
- Wikipedia Description: Lincoln Memorial
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Lincoln Memorial, is located in the National Mall in Washington, D.C. it is a United States Presidential memorial built to honor 16th President Abraham Lincoln. The architect was Henry Bacon, the sculptor was Daniel Chester French, and the painter of the interior murals was Jules Guerin.
The building is in the form of a Greek Doric temple and contains a large seated sculpture of Abraham Lincoln and inscriptions of two well-known speeches by Lincoln. The memorial has been the site of many famous speeches, including Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered on August 28, 1963, during the rally at the end of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
Like the other monuments on the National Mall, including the nearby Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Korean War Veterans Memorial, and National World War II Memorial, the Lincoln Memorial is administered by the National Park Service under its National Mall and Memorial Parks group. The National Memorial has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 15, 1966. It is open to the public 24 hours a day.
Design and construction:
The Lincoln Monument Association was incorporated by the United States Congress in March 1867 to build a memorial to Lincoln. A site was not chosen until 1901, in an area that was then swampland. Congress formally authorized the memorial on February 9, 1911, and the first stone was put into place on Lincoln's birthday, February 12, 1914. The monument was dedicated by Chief Justice William Howard Taft on May 30, 1922, a ceremony attended by Lincoln's only surviving child, Robert Todd Lincoln. The stone for the building is Indiana limestone and Yule marble, quarried at the town of Marble, Colorado. The Lincoln sculpture within is made of Georgian marble, quarried at the town of Tate, Georgia. In 1923, designer Henry Bacon received the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects, his profession's highest honor, for the design of the memorial. Originally under the care of the Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks, it was transferred to the National Park Service on August 10[
Standing apart from the somewhat triumphal and Roman manner of most of Washington, the memorial takes the severe form of a Greek Doric temple. It is 'peripteral,' with 36 massive columns, each 37 feet (10 m) high, surrounding the cella of the building itself, which rises above the porticos. As an afterthought, the 36 columns required for the design were seen to represent the 36 U.S. states at the time of Lincoln's death, and their names were inscribed in the entablature above each column. The names of the 48 states of the Union when the memorial was completed are carved on the exterior attic walls, and a later plaque commemorates the admission.
Interior:
The main influence on the style of the Lincoln Memorial was the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Greece. The focus of the memorial is Daniel Chester French's sculpture of Lincoln, seated on a throne. French studied many of Mathew Brady's photographs of Lincoln and depicted the President as worn and pensive, gazing eastwards down the Reflecting Pool toward the capital's starkest emblem of the Union, the Washington Monument. Beneath his hands, the Roman fasces, symbols of the authority of the Republic, are sculpted in relief on the seat. The statue stands 19 feet 9 inches (6 m) tall and 19 feet (6 m) wide, and was carved from 28 blocks of white Georgia marble.
The central cella is flanked by two others. In one, Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is inscribed on the south wall, and in the other, Lincoln's second inaugural address is inscribed on the north wall.On the latter, the word Future was carved with an E instead of F and had to be filled in and can still be seen today. Above the texts are a series of murals by Jules Guerin that depict an angel (representing truth), the freeing of a slave (on the south wall, above the Gettysburg Address) and the unity of the American North and South (above the Second Inaugural Address). On the wall behind the statue, and over Abraham's head is this dedication:
IN THIS TEMPLE
AS IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE
FOR WHOM HE SAVED THE UNION
THE MEMORY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
IS ENSHRINED FOREVER
Events:
In 1939 Marian Anderson was refused permission by the Daughters of the American Revolution to perform at Constitution Hall in Washington because of her skin color. At the suggestion of Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harold L. Ickes, the Secretary of the Interior, arranged for Anderson to perform from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, to a live audience of 70,000, and a nationwide radio audience.
On August 28, 1963, the memorial grounds were the site of one of the greatest political rallies in American history, the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which proved to be a high point of the American Civil Rights Movement. It is estimated that approximately 250,000 people came to the event, where they heard Martin Luther King, Jr., deliver his memorable speech, "I Have a Dream," before the memorial honoring the president who had issued the Emancipation Proclamation 100 years earlier. D.C. police also appreciated the location because it was surrounded on three sides by water, so that any incident could be easily contained. A marked tile on the memorial's steps shows where Dr. King stood. On August 28, 1983, crowds gathered again to mark the 20th Anniversary Mobilization for Jobs, Peace and Freedom, to reflect on progress in gaining civil rights for African Americans, and to commit to correcting continuing injustices.
The site has had its share of unusual events. On May 9, 1970, President Richard Nixon had a remarkable middle-of-the-night impromptu, brief meeting with protestors preparing to march against the Vietnam War just days after the Kent State shootings. For President Bush's 2001 inauguration celebration, the Rockettes dance troupe kicked their legs in the air while marching down the monument's steps. On November 27, 2006, the memorial was partially closed when a suspicious liquid was found in a bathroom. Also found was an "anthrax threat letter", according to authorities.
Urban legends:
There are a number of urban legends associated with the memorial. Some have claimed that Robert E. Lee's face is carved onto the back of Lincoln's statue. Another popular legend is that Lincoln is shown using sign language to represent his initials, with his left hand shaped to form an "A" and his right hand to form an "L". The National Park Service denies both stories. However, historian Gerald Prokopowicz writes that, while it is not clear that sculptor Daniel Chester French intended Lincoln's hands to be formed into sign language versions of his initials, it is possible that French did intend it, since he was familiar with American Sign Language, and he would have had a reason to do so, i.e., to pay tribute to Lincoln for having signed the federal legislation giving Gallaudet University, a university for the deaf, the authority to grant college degrees.
The Lincoln Memorial on U.S. currency:
The Lincoln Memorial is shown on the reverse of the United States one cent coin, which bears Lincoln's portrait on the front. The memorial also appears on the back of the U.S. five dollar bill, the front of which carries Lincoln's portrait.
- Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.)
I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com
and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
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- Photo Contact: [Email Bruce Guthrie].