BGuthrie Photos: DC -- NMAAHC -- Exhibit: (L3) Sports: Leveling the Playing Field

DC -- NMAAHC -- Exhibit: (L3) Sports: Leveling the Playing Field:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. AASPOR_161012_005.JPG: Mexico City Olympic Protest On October 16, 1968, Tommie Smith, John Carlos, and Australian Peter Norman staged one of the most iconic and important protests against racial discrimination. Shoeless and dressed in black socks, each American athlete wore a black glove on one hand. Smith and Carlos stretched the two black gloves high into the sky to symbolize power and unity. Smith wore a scarf that signified "blackness." The black socks stressed the poverty plaguing black America, and their bowed heads represented their prayers for black Americans.
2. AASPOR_161012_019.JPG: Sports Leveling the Playing Field Sports have a unique role in American culture. Through much of the nation's history, African Americans were systematically denied opportunities to participate at the highest levels of competition. Yet sports were also among the earliest and most high-profile spaces to accept African Americans on terms of relative equality. For African Americans, sports records and individual accomplishments matter, but its the political and social implications of sports that have transformed the world.
3. AASPOR_161012_029.JPG: Olympics Since the first modern Olympics in 1896, the Games have been an international stage to demonstrate superior athletic ability and display exemplary character and conduct. As African Americans fought prejudice at home, the Olympic games provided an opportunity for them to display important Olympic ideals -- character, discipline, and intellectual capacity -- before a worldwide audience.
4. AASPOR_161012_035.JPG: The 1984 Olympic Torch At the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Rafer Johnson used this torch to become the first African American to light the Olympic flame. At the 1960 Olympics, Johnson became the first African American to carry the flag for the United States during the opening ceremony. He also won a gold medal in the decathlon in 1960.
5. AASPOR_161012_041.JPG: Olympic Achievement In 1904 hurdler George Coleman Poage became the first African American to win an Olympic medal. Since then, success at the Games has been a symbol of achievement than transcended the sports world for African Americans. At the 1948 Olympics high jumper Alice Coachman became the first African American woman to win a gold medal. These two medalists and those that followed demonstrated both athletic achievement and the hope that each victory would bring the African American community closer to equality and racial justice.
6. AASPOR_161012_046.JPG: Olympic Certificate and Patch This Olympic certificate and patch were presented to Dick Howard, a member of the 1960 Olympic team at the Rome Olympics.
7. AASPOR_161012_052.JPG: Dream Team Basketball Magic Johnson and Larry Bird, the co-captains of the 1992 US men's basketball team known as the Dream Team, signed this basketball. The 1992 Games were the first in which professionals were allowed to compete.
8. AASPOR_161012_066.JPG: The Breakfast of Champions Autographed Wheaties box featuring Jackie Joyner-Kersee, the winner of three gold, one silver, and two bronze medals.
9. AASPOR_161012_071.JPG: The Olympian of the Century Carl Lewis won ten Olympic medals, and nine are displayed here. Lewis won two gold medals in the men's 100-meter dash, one gold and one silver medal in the 200-meter dash, two gold medals in the 4x100-meter relay, and four gold medals in the long jump. The 1st Medal The gold medal Carl Lewis won in the 100-meter dash at the 1984 Olympics in his only medal not displayed here. When Lewis's dad, Bill Lewis, died from cancer in 1988, Carl placed his gold medal in the casket at the funeral, and it was buried with his dad. Bill Lewis's favorite event was the 100-meter dash, and Carl credited his father, a former football and basketball player, with giving him the motivation to succeed.
10. AASPOR_161012_089.JPG: Paul Robeson "As an artist I come to sing, but as a citizen, I will always speak for peace, and no one can silence me in this." -- Paul Robeson
11. AASPOR_161012_094.JPG: Paul Robeson Paul Robeson (1898-1976) became a national figure as a star athlete at Rutgers University in 1917. A man of immense talents, Robeson within a decade became one of the most recognized African Americans in the world as a singer and actor. As he fame increased, he became more politically active and opposed imperialism and racism around the globe. Robeson paid for his political activism. In the McCarthy-era "red scare," he was accused of communist sympathies, his passport was revoked, and his entertainment career was destroyed.
12. AASPOR_161012_096.JPG: Scholar-Athlete: Paul Robeson represents the best traditions of the scholar-athlete. In the early 1900s many elite colleges and universities fielded football teams and credited the sport with helping to develop leaders. Robeson was an all-American football player and only the second African American given that honor. Equally important, he was the valedictorian of his class at Rutgers University. His success on the field and in the classroom inspired African Americans across the country.
13. AASPOR_161012_097.JPG: Renaissance Man: After his stellar academic and athletic career at Rutgers, Robeson distinguished himself in several professions. During the 1920s he graduated from Columbia Law School while playing professional football. After facing open hostility in the legal profession, he decided not to take the New York bar exam. Instead, Robeson turned his attention to the stage and screen, where he thrilled audiences as an actor and singer.
14. AASPOR_161012_099.JPG: Political Activist Paul Robeson's athletic and entertainment careers made him one of the most well-known African Americans in the world in the 1930s and 1940s. A close friend and political ally of scholar and activist W.E.B. Du Bois, Robeson used his fame to fight racial oppression worldwide. His career as an entertainer was destroyed when he was blacklisted for political activism during the red scare of the late 1940s.
15. AASPOR_161012_110.JPG: Jack Johnson "I'm black... They never let me forget it. I'm black alright... I'll never let them forget it." -- Jack Johnson
16. AASPOR_161012_116.JPG: Jack Johnson Jack Johnson (1878-1946) was the first African American heavyweight-boxing champion. He won the title in 1908, after years of being denied a shot at the title despite being a top contender. Johnson started fighting as a competitor in battles royale, a brutal form of group boxing designed to suggest that African Americans could not compete at the highest levels of the sport. Johnson disproved those theories and is still considered one of the sport's greatest heavyweight champions and defensive fighters.
17. AASPOR_161012_120.JPG: Battling Racism Boxing was arguably the most popular sport in the country in the early 1900s, and the heavyweight champion was viewed as the greatest athlete in the world. Jack Johnson's victories over Tommy Burns in 1908 and Jim Jeffries in 1910 were powerful counterarguments to racist notions that defined African Americans as intellectually, morally, and physically inferior.
18. AASPOR_161012_122.JPG: Race Riots When Jack Johnson defeated Jim Jeffries in 1910 in "The Fight of the Century," white mobs raided African American communities. The rioters hoped to terrorize African Americans who saw Johnson's victory as a challenge to the racial order. Over a dozen people were murdered, and hundreds were injured in the fight's aftermath.
19. AASPOR_161012_127.JPG: Crossing the Color Line Jack Johnson challenged longstanding prohibitions against interracial marriage by wedding three white women between 1910 and 1925. As he came under attack for flouting these social customs. In 1913 Johnson was convicted of violating the Mann Act, which made it a crime to transport a woman across state lines for an "immoral purpose." Johnson's "crime" was traveling with his white girlfriend. Jack Johnson and Etta Duryea: Jack Johnson poses with his second wife, Etta Duryea, who committed suicide less than two years after they married. Her death renewed condemnation of interracial marriage across the country. Jack Johnson and Lucille Cameron: After Duryea's death, Johnson again defied social customs and married a white prostitute, Lucille Cameron, in 1912.
20. AASPOR_161012_131.JPG: Jack Johnson and Etta Duryea: Jack Johnson poses with his second wife, Etta Duryea, who committed suicide less than two years after they married. Her death renewed condemnation of interracial marriage across the country. Jack Johnson and Lucille Cameron: After Duryea's death, Johnson again defied social customs and married a white prostitute, Lucille Cameron, in 1912. Jack Johnson and Irene Pineau: Jack Johnson stands with his fourth wife, Irene Pineau, at the opening of his nightclub, The Showboat, in Los Angeles in 1931.
21. AASPOR_161012_138.JPG: Jack Johnson's Boxing Glove: The former heavyweight champion used this glove in the 1930s. Johnson, who began his professional boxing career in 1898, fought his last fight in 1945.
22. AASPOR_161012_143.JPG: Game Changers
23. AASPOR_161012_146.JPG: The Michael Jordan Hall Game Changers "The black athlete, with... superior skills and proud attitude, has become a dominant figure in the Negro struggle for equality." -- Ron Fair Game changers are the people, events, and institutions that have forced the sports world and larger society to alter it practices, belief systems, or racial politics. Some of these shifts had led to the mainstreaming of African American cultural practices and the redefinition of gender roles, as well as a change in the racial composition of athletic institutions. The impact of these game changers demonstrates the power of sports to transform the world.
24. AASPOR_161012_150.JPG: Jackie Robinson re-integrated Major League Baseball in 1947
25. AASPOR_161012_164.JPG: Venus and Serena Williams Combined, Venus and Serena Williams won over 40 grand slam singles and doubles titles.
26. AASPOR_161015_009.JPG: Mexico City Olympic Protest
27. AASPOR_161015_037.JPG: Hank Aaron's Jersey
28. AASPOR_161015_042.JPG: World War II and the Second Great Migration
29. AASPOR_161015_044.JPG: Jackie Robinson Leadership Positions
30. AASPOR_161015_049.JPG: Leaving Baseball
31. AASPOR_161015_050.JPG: Roy Campanella's Mitt
32. AASPOR_161015_058.JPG: "Say Hey"
33. AASPOR_161015_062.JPG: Integrating Baseball
34. AASPOR_161015_065.JPG: Curt Flood's Jersey
35. AASPOR_161015_109.JPG: The Retirement of 42: Yankees' pitcher Mariano Rivera was the last player to wear number 42 after baseball took the unprecedented step of permanently retiring Jackie Robinson's number.
36. AASPOR_161015_129.JPG: Baseball
37. AASPOR_161015_137.JPG: Negro League Baseball
38. AASPOR_161015_140.JPG: The Negro Leagues as Black Business
39. AASPOR_161015_144.JPG: The Decline of the Negro Leagues
40. AASPOR_161015_147.JPG: Latinos in the Negro Leagues
41. AASPOR_161015_150.JPG: Satchel Paige's Jersey
42. AASPOR_161015_159.JPG: Larry Doby's Jersey
43. AASPOR_161015_163.JPG: Negro Leagues Stadium Seat
44. AASPOR_161015_171.JPG: The Harlem Globetrotters
45. AASPOR_161015_175.JPG: Curly Neal's Jersey
46. AASPOR_161015_192.JPG: Jesse Owens
47. AASPOR_161015_203.JPG: Jesse Owens's Track Cleats: Jesse Owens wore these cleats at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, Germany, where he won four gold medals.
48. AASPOR_161015_215.JPG: Jesse Owens
49. AASPOR_161015_219.JPG: Joe Lewis
50. AASPOR_161015_229.JPG: Joe Louis's Boxing Clubs
51. AASPOR_161015_242.JPG: Althea Gibson
52. AASPOR_161015_254.JPG: Althea GIbnson's Tennis Racket
53. AASPOR_161015_257.JPG: Althea GIbnson's Tennis Racket and Medals
54. AASPOR_161015_263.JPG: Althea GIbnson's Medals
55. AASPOR_161015_272.JPG: Jackie Robinson
56. AASPOR_161015_281.JPG: Jackie Robinson's Bat and Brooklyn Dodgers Jersey
57. AASPOR_161015_292.JPG: Muhammad Ali
58. AASPOR_161015_305.JPG: Olympic Torch: This torch was presented to Muhammad Ali after he lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. Training Glove: Muhammad Ali used this glove while training in Miami Beach's famous 5th Street Gym, which was owned by his trainer, Angelo Dundee.
59. AASPOR_161015_313.JPG: A Knockout: Overhead view of Muhammad Ali's third-round knockout of Cleveland Williams in the Houston Astrodome in 1966. (photo by Neil Leifer)
60. AASPOR_161015_318.JPG: Wilma Rudolpf
61. AASPOR_161015_338.JPG: Wilma Rudolph homecoming program
62. AASPOR_161015_340.JPG: Arthur Ashe
63. AASPOR_161015_378.JPG: Jim Brown
64. AASPOR_161015_393.JPG: Jim Brown's Jersey
65. AASPOR_161015_399.JPG: Eddie Robinson
66. AASPOR_161015_415.JPG: Coach of the Year Award presented to Eddie Robinson's family
67. AASPOR_161015_422.JPG: Michael Jordan
68. AASPOR_161015_432.JPG: Michael Jordan's 1996 NBA Finals Jersey Breakfast of Champions: Michael Jordan has appeared on the cover of Wheaties boxes more than any other athlete.
69. AASPOR_161015_439.JPG: Beyond the Ring
70. AASPOR_161015_440.JPG: The Color Line
71. AASPOR_161015_443.JPG: Slavery
72. AASPOR_161015_446.JPG: The Fight of the Century
73. AASPOR_161015_450.JPG: The Knockout: Jack Johnson stands over Jim Jeffries after knocking him and during the 15th round of their legendary fight.
74. AASPOR_161015_457.JPG: 1810 Battle: This engraving depicts the 1810 fight between formerly enslaved boxer Tom Molineaux and British champion Tom Cribb. Cribb won the bareknuckle fight after 35 rounds.
75. AASPOR_161015_464.JPG: Carnival Banner: Beginning in the 1920s, Jack Johnson, the former heavyweight champion, used this banner to promote his appearances as a carnival act.
76. AASPOR_161015_467.JPG: Muhammad Ali's Boxing Headgear Muhammad Ali's Terrycloth Training Robe
77. AASPOR_161015_475.JPG: Cassius Clay's Boxing Glove
78. AASPOR_161015_477.JPG: Cassius Clay's Gym Bag
79. AASPOR_161015_482.JPG: Cassius Clay's Boxing Gloves Corner Boxing Stool from 5th Street Gym
80. AASPOR_161015_486.JPG: More than a Fight
81. AASPOR_161015_491.JPG: 1930s: Joe Louis vs Max Schmeling
82. AASPOR_161015_495.JPG: (left) Evander Holyfield's Boxing Trunks (right) Joe Frazier's Boxing Trunks
83. AASPOR_161015_505.JPG: Sugar Ray Robimson's Robe
84. AASPOR_161015_513.JPG: 1980s: Sugar Ray Leonard, Marvin Hagler, Tommy Hearns
85. AASPOR_161015_516.JPG: 1970s: Muhammad Ali, Joe Frazier, George Foreman
86. AASPOR_161015_524.JPG: Boxing
87. AASPOR_161015_531.JPG: Shani Davis
88. AASPOR_161015_535.JPG: Title IX
89. AASPOR_161015_547.JPG: Briana Scurry's World Cup Jersey Briana Scurry's goalkeeper's gloves
90. AASPOR_161015_550.JPG: Tiger Woods
91. AASPOR_161015_567.JPG: Tiger Woods's Signature Shirt Tiger Woods's Cap
92. AASPOR_161015_584.JPG: Maureen Freeman
93. AASPOR_161015_602.JPG: Olympic Achievement
94. AASPOR_161015_605.JPG: (left) Carl Lewis's Jersey, Shorts, and Shoes
95. AASPOR_161015_607.JPG: Nontraditional Sports
96. AASPOR_161015_610.JPG: Social Activism
97. AASPOR_161015_617.JPG: The Nazi Olympics
98. AASPOR_161015_622.JPG: Mal Whitfield's Track Cleats
99. AASPOR_161015_625.JPG: The Revolt of the Black Athlete
100. AASPOR_161015_629.JPG: Torch Lighters
101. AASPOR_161015_632.JPG: Rafer Johnson's Shirt (worn when he lit the Olympic flame at the 1984 Games in Los Angeles.)
102. AASPOR_161015_639.JPG: Olympic Protest Warm-Up Suit (worn by Tommie Smith)
103. AASPOR_161015_648.JPG: Bronze Participation Medal: This medal was given to all participants at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, including the 18 African Americans who competed.
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Description of Subject Matter: Sports: Leveling the Playing Field
September 24, 2016 – Indefinitely
Learn about the contributions of athletes on and off the field. Because sports were among the first and most high-profile organizations to accept African Americans on terms of relative equality, sports have a unique role in American culture. Artifacts on view include sports equipment; awards, trophies, and photos; training logs and playbooks; and posters and flyers. A grip bag and uneven-bar grips used by African American gymnast Gabby Douglas in the 2012 Olympics, a white terrycloth robe worn by Muhammad Ali, and the track shoes and gold medals of Carl Lewis are among the artifacts in the museum’s sports collection.
Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.) I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
Connection Not Secure messages? Those warnings you get from your browser about this site not having secure connections worry some people. This means this site does not have SSL installed (the link is http:, not https:). That's bad if you're entering credit card numbers, passwords, or other personal information. But this site doesn't collect any personal information so SSL is not necessary. Life's good!
Photo Contact: [Email Bruce Guthrie].