BGuthrie Photos: PA -- Gettysburg Natl Battlefield -- Day 2/3 -- Culp's Hill

PA -- Gettysburg Natl Battlefield -- Day 2/3 -- Culp's Hill:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. GETCUL_121111_033.JPG: Day 3: Slaughter at Spangler's Spring: "It is murder, but it's the order. Up, men; over the works. Forward, double quick." -- Lt. Col. Charles R. Mudge, USA, 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. This glad surrounding Spangler's Spring had been a favorite picnic-ground. But on July 2, axes rang and stones rolled as soldiers of the Union Twelfth Corps built breastworks of logs, rocks, and earth extending from here 1/2 mile north to the top of Culp's Hill and beyond. Late on the 2nd, the Federals here were ordered south to assist with the crisis near the Peach Orchard and Little Round Top. In their absence, Confederates of Ewell's Second Corps crossed Rock Creek and occupied a portion of their breastworks. About midnight, the weary Union soldiers returned to find much of their trench line in enemy hands. About 4:00am, the battle along the breastworks began, and for the next several hours the foes struggled to dislodge each other. About 7:00am, two Union regiments positioned across the meadow behind you -- the 2nd Massachusetts and 27th Indiana -- were ordered to take the breastworks on the wooded slopes in front of you. Obeying the suicidal order, they charge into the galling fire of well-concealed Confederate marksmen. Of the 655 Federals engaged, 242 were killed or mortally wounded. Survivors of the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry, with other state veterans, father around their monument in 1883, twenty years after the battle. Forty-five of their comrades were killed here, and 90 wounded. Their regimental monument, located across the road behind you, was the first on the battlefield. Before Gettysburg, Lt. Col. Charles B. Mudge wrote of his commitment to the Union: "I fully made up my mind to fight; and when I say fight, I mean win or die." Mudge was killed leading the 2nd Massachusetts through withering rifle fire here. Sgt. Daniel H. Sheetz of the 2nd Virginia Infantry was among the Confederates who caught the Federals here in a deadly crossfire. He was captured at Spotsylvania in 1864. A line of earthworks may be seen along the drive to the top of Culp's Hill. These were built after the war to mark the locations of the soldiers' original breastworks.
2. GETCUL_121111_057.JPG: Spangler's Spring: Night of July 2: "It seems Captain Selfridge of Company H, has taken some of his men's canteens and gone on ahead to Spangler's Spring to fill them, when he discovered 'Johnnies' also there filling their canteens. He backed out with the best grace he could command, and reported it to the Colonel... A skirmish line... found the enemy as stated and saved many lives." -- Captain Joseph Matchett, 46th Pennsylvania Volunteers.
3. GETCUL_121111_297.JPG: East Cemetery Hill: "The enemy stood with a tenacity never before displayed by them, but with bayonet, clubbed musket, sword, and pistol, and rocks from the wall, we cleared the heights and silenced the guns." -- Maj. Samuel McD. Tate, CSA, 6th North Carolina Infantry. About dusk on July 2, two Confederate infantry brigades of Early's Division appeared in line of battle on the rolling pastures below you to the right. Their objective was East Cemetery Hill, 1/4 mile in front of you. Union cannon here and on the hill raked them with shell, shrapnel, and canister, but they pressed on under the cover of smoke and failing night. Union troops waiting behind stone walls at the base of the hill became unnerved at the approach of the 2,500 men in gray. Some fled up the hill, while others surrendered. Crushing all resistance, the 9th Louisiana and 6th North Carolina regiments stormed the Union artillery batteries at the crest near the cemetery gatehouse, and captured several cannon. The Confederates had breached the Union line, but other Confederate units expected to attack in concert had not. Th isolated Southerners soon faced the blazing muskets of Union reinforcements, who moved them to retreat down the slope into the dark. The "keystone" of the Union line had been saved. Confederate infantry assault East Cemetery Hill in this wartime sketch by Edwin Forbes. Union artillery emplacements are seen in front of the cemetery gatehouse. The Confederate lost more ["most"] than 350 men in the attack. Col. Isaac E. Avery, commanding Hoke's brigade of North Carolinians, was shot from the saddle at the base of the hill. Before he died, he scrawled a note to his father: "Tell them I died with my face towards the enemy." Confederate Brig. Gen. Harry T. Hays let his crack brigade, the "Louisiana Tigers," up East Cemetery Hill where they found hand-to-hand with the stubborn Union cannoneers. "Arriving at the summer, by a simultaneous rush from my whole line, I captured several pieces of artillery, four stand of colors, an a number of prisoners. Col. Wladimir Krxzyawillowski , a Polish-German immigrant, helped to recruit fellow immigrants for the Union army. His name, with those of Cl. Samuel S. Carwell, some of the reverse of Earth Cemetery Hill on the sunlight sight.
4. GETCUL_121111_372.JPG: Attack on Cemetery Hill: This hill was occupied by Union forces at noon July 1 and provided a rallying point that afternoon for Union soldiers retreating to it from beyond the town. On the evening of July 2, coordinated with the attack on Culp's Hill to your right, 2,000 Confederate soldiers advanced against this hill from beyond the school building site in your front. Assailed by artillery fire they pressed forward, struck and broke the Union infantry lines at the base of this hill, and, after desperate hand-to-hand fighting, captured cannon here on the crest. But they received no aid and soon Union reinforcements swept them from the hill.
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