BGuthrie Photos: DC -- U.S. Capitol Grounds -- Ulysses S. Grant Memorial

DC -- U.S. Capitol Grounds -- Ulysses S. Grant Memorial:

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[1] USGMEM_101218_002.JPG	[2] USGMEM_101218_012.JPG	[3] USGMEM_101218_014.JPG
[4] USGMEM_101218_028.JPG	[5] USGMEM_101218_035.JPG	[6] USGMEM_101218_059.JPG
[7] USGMEM_101218_068.JPG	[8] USGMEM_101218_086.JPG	[9] USGMEM_101218_094.JPG
[10] USGMEM_101218_113.JPG	[11] USGMEM_101218_118.JPG	[12] USGMEM_101218_127.JPG
[13] USGMEM_101218_137.JPG	[14] USGMEM_101218_156.JPG	[15] USGMEM_101219_03.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. USGMEM_101218_002.JPG: Ulysses S. Grant Memorial "Although a soldier by profession, I have never felt any sort of fondness for war, and I have never advocated it, except as a means of peace." -- General Ulysses S. Grant Hiram Ulysses Grant, mistakenly listed as Ulysses Simpson Grant on United States Military Academy cadet rosters, ascended from Midwestern obscurity to become the Union's military savior and, later, the 18th President of the United States. U.S. Grant's requirement for "unconditional surrender" in American Civil War battles and sieges helped define his adopted initials. After President Abraham Lincoln promoted him to lieutenant general, Grant designed the comprehensive strategy that doomed the Confederacy and forced Gen. Robert E. Lee's April 9, 1865, surrender at Appomattox, Virginia. Grant issued generous surrender terms and worked with Lee to decide the fate of this nation, not merely at that hour, but for future generations. The Memorial: Civil War General Grant confidently gazes westward toward the nation's heartland -- and the memorial to his great benefactor, Abraham Lincoln. The Ulysses S. Grant Memorial captures the General's cool, military bearing while in command astride his favorite warhorse, Cincinnati. Around his swirl the chaos and confusion of the battlefield exhibited by the memorial's onrushing cavalry and artillery groups. Dedicated on April 28, 1922, the centennial of Grant's birth, the memorial blends the work of sculptor Henry Merwin Shrady and architect Edward Pearce Casey, the son of the engineer who completed the Washington Monument. Shrady, self-taught and relatively unknown, won the memorial competition and devoted the final twenty years of his life to the project. Tragically, he died just fifteen days before the dedication, but not before capturing his own likeness within the cavalry grouping as the face of a fallen trooper.
2. USGMEM_101218_127.JPG: Grant Memorial @ the Capitol
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Wikipedia Description: Ulysses S. Grant Memorial
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Ulysses S. Grant Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C., honoring American Civil War general and U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant. It sits at the base of Capitol Hill (Union Square, the Mall, 1st Street, between Pennsylvania Avenue and Maryland Avenue), below the west front of the United States Capitol. Its sculpture of Grant on horseback faces west, over the Capitol Reflecting Pool and toward the Lincoln Memorial, which honors Grant's wartime president, Abraham Lincoln. The Grant and Lincoln Memorials define the eastern and western ends, respectively, of the National Mall.

The Grant Memorial is a contributor to the Civil War Monuments in Washington, DC, of the National Register of Historic Places. James M. Goode's authoritative The Grant Memorial in Washington, D.C. (1974) calls it "one of the most important sculptures in Washington." It includes the second-largest equestrian statue in the United States and the fourth-largest in the world.

Description

The Grant Memorial is situated in Union Square, which also encompasses the Capitol Reflecting Pool. The platform for the Monument, made of Vermont marble, is 252 feet (77 m) long and 71 feet (22 m) wide and is divided into three sections. The tall, middle section features a 10,700 pound, 17-foot-2-inch (5.23 m) high equestrian statue depicting Grant astride his war horse Cincinnati on a 22½-foot high marble pedestal.

A striking feature of the central statue is Grant's calm (almost disaffected) attitude amidst the raging fighting going on around him. This is not surprising because Grant was known for his calmness and coolheadedness during battle. In sharp contrast to Grant are the sculpture groups on either side, Cavalry Charge and Artillery, which

"...possess more dramatic interest and suspense than any sculpture in the city and, indeed, in the Nation."

Surrounding the main pedestal are four shorter pedestals, each supporting a bronze lion in repose guarding both the United States flag and the flags of the Army. The memorial was the largest bronze sculpture cast in the United States at that time.

The Artillery Group to the south shows a caisson carrying three artillerymen and pulled by three horses. Astride the horse on the left is the guidon (flag) carrier who is signaling a sharp right wheel. Despite the impending course change the horse on the right is able to continue lunging forward due to a broken strap on the right bridle bit. To the north the Cavalry Group depicts a color squad consisting of seven cavalrymen charging into battle. The horse on the right has fallen and the rider, modeled after Shrady himself, is moments from being trampled by the onrushing horses.

History

The drive to erect a monument to Grant was begun in the 1890s by Society of the Army of the Tennessee.

Work on the memorial was begun in 1902 as the largest ever commissioned by Congress at the time, was created by sculptor Henry Merwin Shrady and architect Edward Pearce Casey. Sculptor Edmund Amateis assisted Shrady as the monument neared completion in 1921. Shrady spent 20 years of his life working on the memorial and died, stressed and overworked, two weeks before its dedication in 1922.

The sculptures were cast in bronze at the Roman Bronze Works in New York. Construction on the site of the memorial began in 1909 when the marble superstructure and the four bronze lions were installed. The Artillery Group was installed in 1912, the Cavalry Group in 1916, and the bronze equestrian statue of Grant in 1920. The memorial was dedicated on the 100th anniversary of Grant's birth, April 27, 1922. Shrady having died, the infantry panels on the base of Grant's pedestal were completed by sculptor Sherry Fry based on Shrady's sketches and installed in 1924. The Grant Memorial composes the center of a three-part sculptural group including the James A. Garfield Monument to the south and the Peace Monument to the north.
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