MD -- Baltimore -- Maryland Historical Society -- Exhibit: Darnall Young People's Gallery of Maryland History:
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MDHSCH_150830_01.JPG: Discover Maryland:
Maryland has often been called "America in Miniature" because it stretches from the Atlantic beaches to the mountains of Garrett County, from the waters of Chesapeake Bay to the fertile farmlands of western Maryland.
MDHSCH_150830_04.JPG: Independence Declared: The Statesmen:
In 1776, Maryland joined the twelve other British colonies to protest the unfairness of British rule. They sought the right to form their own republic of individual states separate from Britain. Their complaints were written down in the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed in Philadelphia on July 4th.
These four Marylanders signed that famous document.
Can you find their names on the document?
Portraits of three of them are handing in the picture galleries on this floor on the museum. Can you find them?
Whose picture is missing?
William Paca (1740-1799):
Born in Harford County and educated in Philadelphia, Annapolis, and London, William Paca practiced law before becoming a leader of the patriot cause. He signed the Declaration of Independence and then supported the Revolution by spending his own money to outfit Continental troops. After the war, Paca was elected governor of Maryland three times.
Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832):
Charles Carroll of Carrollton was born into a wealthy Catholic family who persuaded him to study law. Few patriots who signed the Declaration had more to lose than Carroll, who by 1776 may have been the richest man in the colonies. He served as a US Senator, then chose the Maryland senate as more important. In 1828, at age 91, he helped to begin the B&O Railroad. He was influential in public life and in business until the age of 95.
Samuel Chase (1741-1811):
Over six feet tall, Samuel Chase was a powerful speaker who vigorously opposed the Stamp Act and later sought Canadian help for the colonies in their struggle against Britain. After Americans ratified the new Constitution, Chase served in Congress. George Washington appointed him to the United States Supreme Court.
Thomas Stone (1743-1787):
As a young student, Thomas Stone rode ten miles on horseback each morning to attend school. This determination won him a good education and later a distinguished career as a lawyer. His service in the Maryland and federal governments often kept him away from Habre de Venture, his plantation in Charles County.
MDHSCH_150830_07.JPG: Baltimore in 1850:
A center for world trade, Baltimore's harbor boasted the new bay steamboats and sailing ships from around the globe. Roads, canals, railroads, and steamboat lines reached out to all parts of the state.
Immigrants added to the city's population -- working on the railroad, as merchants, craftsmen, and laborers. Baltimore also had the largest free black population of any city in America.
MDHSCH_150830_19.JPG: Baltimore in 1752:
Even as a tiny town, Baltimore had all the ingredients necessary for its future growth. A sheltered harbor for ships to anchor, fertile farmland nearby, streams to provide water power for mills -- all encouraged adventurous merchants and craftsmen to make their homes in the new town.
The port boomed, water wheels turned wheat into flour, and more and more people from different lands added variety to the mix. By 1800 Baltimore had become the third largest city in the new nation.
MDHSCH_150830_25.JPG: A Tobacco Plantation:
Tobacco growing affected nearly everyone in Maryland in the 1700s. Most was grown on small farms, but some wealthy planters operated large plantations like this one. Slaves harvested tobacco and prepared it to dry in the tobacco barn being built by plantation carpenters.
Packed in large barrels called hogsheads, the tobacco was then rolled to the wharf and loaded aboard a ship for England. In exchange, planters ordered fine clothing and furnishings for their homes.
MDHSCH_150830_32.JPG: Clearing the Land:
Early Marylanders led harsh lives. Their first important task was to clear the land so they could plant tobacco and corn.
To allow the sun to reach their first season's crops, they killed the trees by cutting through the bark at their base. later they felled the trees and used the wood to build houses, fuel their fires, and make simple tools and furniture.
Labor for Hire:
Many colonists came to Maryland as indentured servants, agreeing to work for seven years to pay back the cost of the voyage from England. When they finished their term of service, they received tools, land, and clothing. Later, African slaves swelled the colony's labor supply.
MDHSCH_150830_38.JPG: The Founding of Maryland:
The Maryland colony began in England with the plans of George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore. About 140 Catholic and Protestant settlers crossed the ocean aboard two tiny ships and landed at St. Clement's Island in the Potomac River.
Led by Father Andrew White, Catholics celebrated a Mass on March 25, 1634, a day we remember as Maryland Day.
Father White kept a journal that gives a first-hand account of the excitement and hardships these first settlers faced.
MDHSCH_150830_46.JPG: An Indian Village:
Indians lived in Maryland for thousands of years, wandering across the land, hunting, fishing, and gathering food. When they learned to farm, they settled in villages like the one shown above. They built bark-covered huts and shaped canoes from trees in the surrounding forests. Kittamaqundi and Chicacone were heir most important villages.
Most Maryland Indians were peaceful and welcomed Lord Baltimore's settlers when they came in 1634, but the arrive of ever more colonists pushed most native Americans out of Maryland. Descendants of those who remained today celebrate a revival of their history and customs.
MDHSCH_150830_61.JPG: Richard Bennett Darnall (1875-1957)
by Stanislav Rembski, 1945
Richard Bennett Darnall, a prominent lawyer from Anne Arundel County and Baltimore city, played an active role in Maryland politics. Under Governor Ritchie's administration, Darnall served on the State Roads Commission. In 1934, he chaired the executive committee of the Maryland Tercentenary Commission. Darnall's bequest to the Maryland Historical Society made this young people's museum of Maryland History possible.
MDHSCH_150830_64.JPG: The Darnall Young People's Gallery of Maryland History
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Description of Subject Matter: The collections include the original copy of Francis Scott Key's writing of the Star-Spangled Banner.
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