BGuthrie Photos: VA -- Quantico -- Natl Museum of the Marine Corps -- Gallery: Korean War (1950-1953)

VA -- Quantico -- Natl Museum of the Marine Corps -- Gallery: Korean War (1950-1953):

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. MCMKW_130210_022.JPG: "A Coat of Many Colors" "The running fight of the Marines... had some aspects of Bataan, some of Anzio, some of Dunkirk, some of Valley Forge." -- Time magazine, 18 December 1950 Marines who survived the epic breakout from Chosin Reservoir in December 1950 bore the marks of the ordeal on their filthy uniforms. Exhausted by days of sleepless fighting and marching, and weakened by frozen extremities and rampant dysentery, they had battled eight Chinese divisions and a frigidly hostile environment. With the invaluable aid of Marine and Navy aircraft overhead, they fought their way to the sea. Chosin remains a touchstone of Marine Corps history.
2. MCMKW_130210_033.JPG: A guide mentioned the Tootsie Roll wrapper. Why was it in the display? He explained this story... Tootsie Roll From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ... During the Battle of Chosin Reservoir in 1950, mortar sections under the United States Marine Corps started to run out of mortar rounds. The radio men of these sections started requesting more rounds. There were too many nearby enemy anti-air emplacements however, and the risk that they might lose any airlifted supplies was too great, so they had to wait. After two days of waiting, all the mortar sections ran out of rounds. At this point the risk was taken and supplies were dropped anyway. When the troops found the crates of mortar rounds, they found the crates were instead filled with Tootsie Roll. The cause of this error was that a supply specialist did not know that the codename for mortar rounds was "Tootsie Rolls", and instead ordered hundreds of crates of Tootsie Roll candies instead of mortar rounds.
3. MCMKW_130210_052.JPG: 1946-1953: Send in the Marines: The Marines sustained more than twice as many casualties in the Korean War as they did in France in World War I. Politicians termed Korea a "Police Action" and historians called it "The Forgotten War," yet the conflict in Korea was as violent a war as the Marines ever fought. For three bloody years, the United States and its allied battled against North Korea and China. At stake was the freedom of the Republic of Korea. The US Marine Corps, overlooked during the post-World War II focus on nuclear warfare, fought in Korea with traditional readiness and renewed intensity. Facing tenacious enemies, the Leathernecks distinguished themselves defending Pusan, assailing Inchon, recapturing Seoul, breaking out of the Chosin Reservoir ("Frozen Chosin"), and holding the line during two years of stalemate. Along the way, the Marines pioneered the tactical use of helicopters and refined sea-based close air support. The ravaged Republic of Korea survived and later flourished.
4. MCMKW_130210_064.JPG: The Pusan Perimeter: "We've got to stop the sons-of-bitches no matter what!" -- President Harry S. Truman On 25 June 1950, the North Korean People�s Army (NKPA) stormed across the 38th Parallel, the border between communist North Korea and America�s ally, the Republic of Korea. Supported by powerful Russian-built T-34 tanks, they overpowered South Korean units, seized the capital of Seoul, and raced southward. President Harry Truman transferred U. S. Army units stationed in Japan to Korea under United Nations auspices. Army garrison troops arriving in Korea could not stem the onslaught. By the end of July, UN control had shrunk to a toehold in the peninsula's southeast corner, protecting the vital port of Pusan. Collapse of the Pusan perimeter would lose the war. LtGen Walton Walker, commanding the Eighth Army, exhorted his troops to hold firm. "We must fight to the end -- a retreat… would be one of the greatest butcheries in history!" UN resistance stiffened along the Naktong River, but more North Korean units advanced to force the crossings. Help was on the way: a newly formed Marine air-ground brigade would reach Pusan on 2 August to preserve the embattled perimeter. [The Marine Brigade under BGen Edward Craig that arrived on 2 August swiftly went into action. The brigade�s carrier-borne aircraft flew against NKPA targets the next day. Marine infantry engaged the enemy in broiling heat west of Masan on the 7th, leading the first successful counteroffensive of the war. The newly arrived Marine Brigade provided a boon to the besieged Eighth Army, desperately holding the Naktong River line against NKPA assaults. General Walton Walker employed the Marines as his emergency "Fire Brigade," shuttling them around the perimeter to counterattack each massive breakthrough. In a costly month of hard marching and bitter fighting, the Marines hurled back each enemy penetration. "Here were professionals," reported an Associated Press correspondent.]
5. MCMKW_130210_070.JPG: The Cold War Heats Up: "If this was allowed to go unchallenged, it would mean a third world war." -- President Harry S. Truman In the unsettled aftermath of World War II, much of Europe and Asia fell into the hands of totalitarian regimes in the thrall of international Communism. Americans celebrating the end of Nazi and Japanese aggression in 1945 soon realized that freedom was once again threatened. Against the backdrop of nuclear-armed tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, the survival of the world depended on the ability of the United Nations and the two superpowers to keep a local crisis such as Korea from escalating to total war. The Korean conflict, the first U.S. combat action of the Cold War era, remained limited and undeclared.
6. MCMKW_130210_083.JPG: Marines in the Nuclear Age: "The helicopter offers a valuable means of accelerating and dispersing the ship-to-shore movement." -- Colonel Robert A. Hogaboom, 1947 The dawn of the nuclear age, coupled with the onset of new long-range bombers, convinced some post-World War II leaders that elite assault troops such as Marines were no longer essential. The Marines rejected the logic but admitted that the nuclear thread demanded greater dispersion and enhanced tactical mobility for future amphibious assaults. Helicopters -- primitive as they were in 1946 -- offered the ideal solution. That year, a board of visionary Marines recommended development of helicopters to deliver assault troops ashore from dispersed amphibious ships. Marines became the first service to employ the new aircraft in Korea.
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Description of Subject Matter: Korean War: 1950–1953
More than 70 years ago, thousands of Americans fought a bitter war on the Korean peninsula against a very determined enemy. Known as “the forgotten war,” the battle for Korea was the first US combat action of the Cold War. The gallery describes the see-saw nature of the war’s opening battles and its gradual transformation into a static war of attrition, reminiscent of World War I trench warfare.
The Marine Corps’ involvement in the Korean War required an increase in its size, which had been dramatically reduced in the years following World War II. It also marked the Marine Corps’ first combat use of both helicopters and jet aircraft. On exhibit is a Grumman Panther jet fighter, which flew as part of the first Marine jet combat mission in December 1950, and an early Sikorsky helicopter. Other exhibits highlight the introduction of combined arms teams and flak jackets (body armor) and the expanded roles for women and minorities.
Visitors ride with Marines to the sea wall at Inchon as part of General MacArthur’s strategic end run to attack the enemy’s rear. A Pershing tank rumbles through the war-torn streets of Seoul. On Toktong Pass, near the Chosin Reservoir, visitors encounter Marines who are cold, tired, and dangerously short of ammunition. Visitors feel the cold, they hear the Chinese soldiers advancing up the snowy mountain, and they watch the Marines prepare for the next attack. It is a battle that must be won against overwhelming odds. Lastly, a sobering look at a prisoner of war (POW) cage serves as a reminder of the high price of war.
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