BGuthrie Photos: VA -- Arlington Natl Cemetery -- Not Covered Elsewhere

VA -- Arlington Natl Cemetery -- Not Covered Elsewhere:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. ARL_051111_012.JPG: Audie Murphy, the most decorated American of World War II
2. ARL_051111_020.JPG: The memorial to the Space Shuttle Columbia, which crashed on reentry on February 1, 2003.
3. ARL_051111_027.JPG: "In honor of members of the United States armed forces who died during an attempt to rescue American hostages held in Iran, 21 April 1980."
4. ARL_051111_030.JPG: Memorial to the people who died on the Space Shuttle Challenger, January 28 1988.
5. ARL_051111_052.JPG: We're in the US Colored Troops (USCT) section of the cemetery. These are the black soldiers who served in the Civil War. Oddly enough, you have to walk through the USCT section to reach the Confederate monument.
6. ARL_051111_084.JPG: Rough Riders' memorial
7. ARL_051111_108.JPG: Earl Warren From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American jurist and politician who served as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (1953–1969) and earlier as the 30th Governor of California (1943–1953). The Warren Court presided over a major shift in constitutional jurisprudence, with Warren writing the majority opinions in landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Education, Reynolds v. Sims, and Miranda v. Arizona. Warren also led the Warren Commission, a presidential commission that investigated the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He is as of 2019 the last Chief Justice to have served in an elected office. Warren was born in 1891 in Los Angeles and was raised in Bakersfield, California. After graduating from the law program at the University of California, Berkeley, he began a legal career in Oakland. He was hired as a deputy district attorney for Alameda County in 1920 and was appointed district attorney in 1925. He emerged as a leader of the state Republican Party and won election as the Attorney General of California in 1938. In that position, he played a role in the forced removal and internment of over 100,000 Japanese Americans during World War II. In the 1942 California gubernatorial election, Warren defeated incumbent Democratic governor Culbert Olson. He would serve as Governor of California until 1953, presiding over a period of major growth for the state. Warren served as Thomas E. Dewey's running mate in the 1948 presidential election, but Dewey lost the election to incumbent President Harry S. Truman. Warren sought the Republican nomination in the 1952 presidential election, but the party nominated General Dwight D. Eisenhower. After Eisenhower won election as president, he appointed Warren as Chief Justice. Warren helped arrange a unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. After Brown, the Warren Court would continue to issue rulings that helped bring an end to the segregationist Jim Crow laws that were prevalent throughout the South. In Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, the Court upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a federal law that prohibits racial segregation in public institutions and public accommodations. In the 1960s, the Warren Court handed down several landmark rulings that transformed criminal procedure, redistricting, and other areas of the law. Many of the Court's decisions incorporated the Bill of Rights, making the protections of the Bill of Rights apply to state and local governments. Gideon v. Wainwright established a criminal defendant's right to an attorney in felony cases, while Miranda v. Arizona required police officers to give a warning to criminal suspects in police custody. Reynolds v. Sims established that all state legislative districts must be of roughly equal population, while the Court's holding in Wesberry v. Sanders required equal populations for congressional districts. Griswold v. Connecticut struck down a state law that restricted access to contraceptives and established a constitutional right to privacy. Warren announced his retirement in 1968, and was succeeded by conservative appellate judge Warren Burger. Though the Warren Court's rulings have received criticism from many conservatives, as well as from some other quarters, few of the Court's decisions have been overturned.
8. ARL_051111_117.JPG: John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State 1953-1959
9. ARL_051111_124.JPG: Arthur Goldberg From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Arthur Joseph Goldberg (August 8, 1908 – January 19, 1990) was an American statesman and jurist who served as the 9th U.S. Secretary of Labor, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and the 6th United States Ambassador to the United Nations. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Goldberg graduated from the Northwestern University School of Law in 1930. He became a prominent labor attorney and helped arrange the merger of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations. During World War II, he served in the Office of Strategic Services, organizing European resistance to Nazi Germany. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Goldberg as the Secretary of Labor. In 1962, Kennedy successfully nominated Goldberg to the Supreme Court to fill a vacancy caused by the retirement of Felix Frankfurter. Goldberg aligned with the liberal bloc of justices and wrote the majority opinion in Escobedo v. Illinois. In 1965, Goldberg resigned from the bench to accept appointment by President Lyndon B. Johnson as the Ambassador to the United Nations. In that role, he helped draft UN Resolution 242 in the aftermath of the Six-Day War. He ran for the position of Governor of New York in 1970 but was defeated by Nelson Rockefeller. After his defeat, he served as president of the American Jewish Committee and continued to practice law.
10. ARL_051111_128.JPG: Creighton Abrams From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Creighton Williams Abrams Jr. (September 15, 1914 – September 4, 1974) was a United States Army general who commanded military operations in the Vietnam War from 1968 to 1972, which saw United States troop strength in South Vietnam reduced from a peak of 543,000 to 49,000. He was then Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1972 until his death. In 1980, the United States Army named its then new main battle tank, the M1 Abrams, after him. The IG Farben building in Germany was also named after Abrams from 1975 to 1995.
11. ARL_051111_134.JPG: Leonard Wood, Military Governor of Cuba, Chief of Staff of the Army, and Governor General of the Philippines.
12. ARL_051111_149.JPG: Memorial to the women who gave their lives as Army nurses in 1898
13. ARL_051111_159.JPG: Arlington Cemetery
14. ARL_051111_207.JPG: Frederick William Benteen. He was with the Seventh United States Cavalry, under the command of Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer, at the Battle of the Big Horn in June 1876. His was one of the columns that Custer split, his being sent on another route to the Indian encampment, thus sparing he and his command. After hard fighting with the Indians who had destroyed Custer, and after suffering many casualties, the Indians retreated and Benteen and his small command were rescued.
15. ARL_051111_216.JPG: Franklin Adams Meacham, Chief Health Inspector of the Philippine Islands
16. ARL_051111_239.JPG: William Pitt Kellogg. U.S. Senator from Louisiana 1868-1871. In June 1872 was nominated for governor but the resulting elections were controversial. They resulted in both sides creating their own legislatures and each being sworn in in January 1873. The U.S. government recognized Kellogg as the legal governor but the losers rioted, forcing Kellogg into refuge. President Grant immediately issued a proclamation ordering the insurgents to disperse, and by 20 September order had been restored by United States troops, and the Kellogg government was re-established. The political excitement continued, and civil war was prevented only by the presence of the United States forces; but in 1875 there was a second congressional investigation, and an agreement was made by which Governor Kellogg remained in office, while a compromise legislature was recognized as the legal one. On 25 February, 1876, Governor Kellogg was impeached by the lower house of the legislature, the principal accusation being that he had used for other purposes money that had been set apart for the payment of interest; but the case was dismissed by the senate.
17. ARL_051111_278.JPG: "Midshipman James Thomas Cruse, died July 19, 1907, from injuries received on U.S. Battleship Georgia on July 15, 1907, aged 19 years 7 months. His own unselfish words when aid was offered make his epitaph -- Never mind me, I am all right. Look after those other fellows."
18. ARL_051111_282.JPG: McGee, Tuskegee Airman.
19. ARL_051111_287.JPG: Adna Romanza Chaffee Jr. Commissioned a Cavalry Lieutenant, his first tour of duty was with the 15th Cavalry as part of the Army of Cuban Pacification. Later, he served with the 7th Cavalry in the Philippines (1914-1915). He was Senior Cavalry Instructor in the Tactical Department at West Point (1916-1917). After World War I, he served in various capacities, including the War Department's General Staff (1927-1931) where he worked on developing mechanized and armored forces for the Army. Chaffee left the General Staff in 1931 to serve as the Executive Officer of the newly formed 1st Cavalry (Mechanized) at Fort Knox. Later, he returned to Fort Knox in 1938 to assume command of the 1st Cavalry (Mech). He was promoted to Brigadier General in November 1938 and given the command of the 7th Mechanized Brigade. He led the embryonic unit through crucial maneuvers conducted in Plattsburgh and Louisiana (1939-1940). The Louisiana Maneuvers in particular are noteworthy for the impact they had on developing U.S. mechanized doctrine. In June 1940, Brigadier General Chaffee was appointed the Commander of the Armored Force, responsible for integrating all branches of the Army into mechanized warfare As such he played a major role in the development and fielding of the 1st and 2nd Armored Divisions. Promoted to Major General in October 1940, he was given command of the I Armored Corps. Unfortunately, he died of cancer in August 1941 before many of the major armored battles of World War II that changed the face of modern warfare forever. He is the first chief of the armored force in the United States.
20. ARL_051111_295.JPG: William Rosecrans From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia William Starke Rosecrans (September 6, 1819 – March 11, 1898) was an American inventor, coal-oil company executive, diplomat, politician, and U.S. Army officer. He gained fame for his role as a Union general during the American Civil War. He was the victor at prominent Western Theater battles, but his military career was effectively ended following his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863. Rosecrans graduated in 1842 from the United States Military Academy where he served in engineering assignments as well as a professor before leaving the Army to pursue a career in civil engineering. At the start of the Civil War, leading troops from Ohio, he achieved early combat success in western Virginia. In 1862 in the Western Theater, he won the battles of Iuka and Corinth while under the command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. His brusque, outspoken manner and willingness to quarrel openly with superiors caused a professional rivalry with Grant (as well as with Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton) that would adversely affect Rosecrans' career. Given command of the Army of the Cumberland, he fought against Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg at Stones River, and later outmaneuvered him in the brilliant Tullahoma Campaign, driving the Confederates from Middle Tennessee. His strategic movements then caused Bragg to abandon the critical city of Chattanooga, but Rosecrans' pursuit of Bragg ended during the bloody Battle of Chickamauga, where his unfortunately worded order mistakenly opened a gap in the Union line and Rosecrans and a third of his army were swept from the field. Besieged in Chattanooga, Rosecrans was relieved of command by Grant. Following his humiliating defeat, Rosecrans was reassigned to command the Department of Missouri, where he opposed Price's Raid. He was briefly considered as a vice presidential running mate for Abraham Lincoln in 1864 but the telegram correspondence Rosecrans sent back to Washington that stated his interest, was intercepted by Stanton, who buried the message. As a result, Lincoln never received his response and began looking for other candidates. After the war, he served in diplomatic and appointed political positions and in 1880 was elected to Congress, representing California.
21. ARL_051111_299.JPG: William Rosecrans From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia William Starke Rosecrans (September 6, 1819 – March 11, 1898) was an American inventor, coal-oil company executive, diplomat, politician, and U.S. Army officer. He gained fame for his role as a Union general during the American Civil War. He was the victor at prominent Western Theater battles, but his military career was effectively ended following his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863. Rosecrans graduated in 1842 from the United States Military Academy where he served in engineering assignments as well as a professor before leaving the Army to pursue a career in civil engineering. At the start of the Civil War, leading troops from Ohio, he achieved early combat success in western Virginia. In 1862 in the Western Theater, he won the battles of Iuka and Corinth while under the command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. His brusque, outspoken manner and willingness to quarrel openly with superiors caused a professional rivalry with Grant (as well as with Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton) that would adversely affect Rosecrans' career. Given command of the Army of the Cumberland, he fought against Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg at Stones River, and later outmaneuvered him in the brilliant Tullahoma Campaign, driving the Confederates from Middle Tennessee. His strategic movements then caused Bragg to abandon the critical city of Chattanooga, but Rosecrans' pursuit of Bragg ended during the bloody Battle of Chickamauga, where his unfortunately worded order mistakenly opened a gap in the Union line and Rosecrans and a third of his army were swept from the field. Besieged in Chattanooga, Rosecrans was relieved of command by Grant. Following his humiliating defeat, Rosecrans was reassigned to command the Department of Missouri, where he opposed Price's Raid. He was briefly considered as a vice presidential running mate for Abraham Lincoln in 1864 but the telegram correspondence Rosecrans sent back to Washington that stated his interest, was intercepted by Stanton, who buried the message. As a result, Lincoln never received his response and began looking for other candidates. After the war, he served in diplomatic and appointed political positions and in 1880 was elected to Congress, representing California.
22. ARL_051111_310.JPG: Walter Reed From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Major Walter Reed, M.D., U.S. Army, (September 13, 1851 – November 22, 1902) was a U.S. Army physician who in 1901 led the team that postulated and confirmed the theory that yellow fever is transmitted by a particular mosquito species, rather than by direct contact. This insight gave impetus to the new fields of epidemiology and biomedicine, and most immediately allowed the resumption and completion of work on the Panama Canal (1904–1914) by the United States. Reed followed work started by Carlos Finlay and directed by George Miller Sternberg who has been called the "first U.S. bacteriologist".
23. ARL_051111_313.JPG: Vinnie Ream From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lavinia Ellen "Vinnie" Ream Hoxie (September 25, 1847 – November 20, 1914) was an American sculptor. Her most famous work is the statue of United States President Abraham Lincoln in the U.S. Capitol rotunda.
24. ARL_051111_327.JPG: Edmund Rice (Medal of Honor) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Edmund Rice (December 2, 1842 – July 20, 1906) was a soldier in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient who achieved the rank of Brigadier General.
25. ARL_051111_349.JPG: Charles Willauer Kutz, brigadier general, Corps of Engineers. He designed the Kutz Bridge by the Jefferson Memorial.
26. ARL_051111_353.JPG: John Henry Upshur. Graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1848. He was present at the siege and capture of Vera Cruz, Mexico, served with the Perry Expedition in the opening of Japan to commerce;and served as an instructor at the Naval Academy when the Civil War began. He was present at the siege and capture of Fort Hatteras and Port Royal, South Carolina, and the final campaign of Fort Fisher, January 1865. In the 1880s, he was promoted to Rear Admiral and ordered to command U.S. Naval Forces in the Pacific.
27. ARL_051111_356.JPG: Albert Sabin. A legend of modern medicine, his oral polio vaccine saved millions from crippling disease or death. He worked in polio research at Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research until the outbreak of World War II. At that time, he joined US Army between 1943-46. He returned to polio research after war, continuing a 30-year association with the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Children's Hospital Research Foundation. He developed his oral polio vaccine by the mid 1950s. At the time, disease was one of the most feared, becoming highly contagious during summer months. In 1952 there were 21,000 reported cases, many requiring artificial breathing aid of so-called "iron lung." It has virtually disappeared since mass immunizations began in early 1960s with his live-virus vaccine, which was administered orally, on lump of sugar. Jonas Salk had already produced an injectable vaccine, and the two became rivals.
28. ARL_051111_365.JPG: Daniel Sickles. Served as U.S. Congressman 1857-1861. In 1859, he shot his wife's lover, the son of Francis Scott Key, being acquitted on the grounds of temporary insanity. In September 1861, he became a brigadier general of volunteers, serving in the Peninsula Campaign, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. At Chancellorsville, he was sent to pursue Stonewall Jackson's command, mistakenly reporting that the Confederates were retreating which led to a gap in the Union lines which contributed to the success of Jackson's attack. During Gettysburg, he was ordered to cover the Union left at the Round Tops but he decided to move his troops ahead of the line, causing massive losses during Longstreet's assault. He lost his leg and command during the battle and endlessly charged Meade with incompetence. He retired in 1869 and became U.S. minister to Spain (1869-75) and U.S. Congressman (1893-95). He helped create the national battlefield park at Gettysburg and there's been a move to have his grave moved up to that cemetery instead of here.
29. ARL_051111_369.JPG: Gus Grissom From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom (April 3, 1926 – January 27, 1967) was one of the seven original National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Project Mercury astronauts, and the first of the Mercury Seven to die. He was also a Project Gemini and an Apollo program astronaut. Grissom was the second American to fly in space, and the first member of the NASA Astronaut Corps to fly in space twice. In addition, Grissom was a World War II and Korean War veteran, U.S. Air Force test pilot, and a mechanical engineer. He was a recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross, and the Air Medal with an oak leaf cluster, a two-time recipient of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, and, posthumously, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. During World War II, Grissom enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Forces as an aviation cadet. After his discharge from military service, Grissom enrolled at Purdue University, graduating with a bachelor's in mechanical engineering in 1950. He reenlisted in the U.S. Air Force, earning his pilot's wings in 1951, and flew 100 combat missions during the Korean War. After returning to the United States, Grissom was reassigned to work as a flight instructor at Bryan Air Force Base in Texas. He attended the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology for a year, earning a bachelor's degree in aeromechanics, and received his test pilot training at Edwards Air Force Base in California before his assignment as a test pilot at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. Selected as one of the Mercury Seven astronauts, Grissom was the pilot of Mercury-Redstone 4 (Liberty Bell 7), the second American suborbital flight, on July 21, 1961. At the end of the flight, the capsule's hatch blew off prematurely after it landed in the Atlantic Ocean. Grissom was picked up by recovery helicopters, but the blown hatch caused the craft to fill with water and sink. His next flight was in the Project Gemini program as command pilot for Gemini 3 (Molly Brown), which was a successful three-orbit mission on March 23, 1965. Grissom, commander of AS-204 (Apollo 1), along with his fellow astronauts Ed White and Roger B. Chaffee, died on January 27, 1967, during a pre-launch test for the Apollo 1 mission at Cape Kennedy, Florida.
30. ARL_051111_373.JPG: Roger Bruce Chaffee. Served as a Naval test pilot before being selected for the Astronaut Program. He was killed on January 27, 1967, along with Lieutenant Colonel Virgil I. Grissom, USAF, and Edward White, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF, when fire swept through the cockpit of Apollo 1 while they were completing tests prior to their scheduled flight on February 21, 1967. The flight was to have been the beginning of U.S. efforts to put a man on the moon.
31. ARL_051111_393.JPG: Irwin, Grissom, and Chaffee are all in the same area
32. ARL_051111_402.JPG: James Benson Irwin. After graduation from the United States Naval Academy in 1951, he was eventually admitted to Air Force Test Pilot School. He was accepted to the astronaut program in 1966. On the Apollo 15 mission in 1971, he and David Scott were the first astronauts to use the battery-powered 4-wheel runabout, Rover 1, in moving about on the lunar surface. This enabled them to collect 175 pounds of rocks and soil from widely-scattered sites near lunar Appennine Mountains. The third crew member, Alfred Worden, piloted the Apollo Command Module in lunar orbit while the other two were on the surface. Their accomplishments were marred by the disclosure that the three astronauts had smuggled 400 specially stamped and cancelled envelopes on the mission in an arrangement with a West German stamp dealer. He resigned from the Astronaut Corps and became the founding president of the High Flight Foundation, and inter-denominational evangelical organization based in Colorado Springs. The organization operates religious retreats and tours to the Holy Land. On two occasions he led expeditions to Mount Ararat in Turkey in search of Noah's Ark.
33. ARL_051111_412.JPG: This guy *really* wanted the photo of Chaffee
34. ARL_051111_430.JPG: Thomas Selfridge From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Thomas Etholen Selfridge (February 8, 1882 – September 17, 1908) was a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army and the first person to die in an airplane crash. He was also the first Active Duty member of the U.S. military to die in a crash while on duty. He was killed while seated as a passenger in the Wright Flyer, on a demonstration flight piloted by Orville Wright.
35. ARL_051111_475.JPG: USS Serpens (AK-97) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia USS Serpens (AK-97) was a Crater-class cargo ship commissioned by the US Navy for service in World War II. She was the first ship of the Navy to have this name: she is named after Serpens, a constellation in the northern hemisphere. Serpens was manned by United States Coast Guard personnel and was responsible for delivering troops, goods and equipment to locations in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater. ... Destruction, 29 January 1945 Late in December 1944, the Liberty ship commenced loading at Wellington, finished it at Auckland, and returned to the Solomons in mid-January 1945. Late in the evening on 29 January 1945, Serpens was anchored off Lunga Beach. The commanding officer and seven others, one officer and six enlisted men, were ashore. The remaining crewmen were loading depth charges into her holds when Serpens exploded. After the explosion, only the bow of the ship was visible. The rest had disintegrated, and the bow sank soon afterward. One hundred ninety-six Coast Guard crewmen, 57 Army stevedores, and a Public Health Service physician, Dr. Harry M. Levin, were killed in the explosion, and a soldier ashore was killed by shrapnel. Only two of those on board, Seaman (SN) 1/c Kelsie K. Kemp and SN 1/c George S. Kennedy, who had been in the boatswain's locker, survived. An eyewitness to the disaster stated: "As we headed our personnel boat shoreward the sound and concussion of the explosion suddenly reached us, and, as we turned, we witnessed the awe-inspiring death drama unfold before us. As the report of screeching shells filled the air and the flash of tracers continued, the water splashed throughout the harbor as the shells hit. We headed our boat in the direction of the smoke and as we came into closer view of what had once been a ship, the water was filled only with floating debris, dead fish, torn life jackets, lumber and other unidentifiable objects. The smell of death, and fire, and gasoline, and oil was evident and nauseating. This was sudden death, and horror, unwanted and unasked for, but complete." Lieutenant Commander Stinson reported: "I felt and saw two flashes after which only the bow of the ship was visible. The rest had disintegrated and the bow sank soon afterwards." The two survivors, SN 1/c Kemp and SN 1/c Kennedy, according to Stinson, ". . .showed a lot of savvy by grabbing a couple of water lights that we kept stowed in the [boatswain's] locker. They used them to attract attention when they climbed out onto the floating portion of the bow." Both men were injured but were rescued by a base commander in the area. Memorial to the dead of USS Serpens at Arlington National Cemetery. At first report the incident was attributed to enemy action but a court of inquiry later determined that the cause of the explosion could not be established from the remaining evidence and by 1949, the Navy noted that the loss was not due to enemy action but due to an "accident intrinsic to the loading process." The loss of Serpens remains the largest single disaster ever suffered by the Coast Guard. The dead were initially buried at the Army, Navy and Marine Corps Cemetery at Guadalcanal. Their remains were later exhumed and taken to Arlington National Cemetery where they were interred on 15 June 1949. A large monument in their honor was erected over the grave site and dedicated on 16 November 1950.
36. ARL_051111_501.JPG: There's a whole new section of the cemetery being worked on
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