BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Chevy Chase Circle

DC -- Chevy Chase Circle:

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[1] CCCIRC_200702_01.JPG	[2] CCCIRC_200702_12.JPG	[3] CCCIRC_200702_15.JPG
[4] CCCIRC_200702_18.JPG	[5] CCCIRC_200702_24.JPG	[6] CCCIRC_200702_27.JPG
[7] CCCIRC_200702_31.JPG	[8] CCCIRC_200702_37.JPG	[9] CCCIRC_200702_39.JPG
[10] CCCIRC_200702_43.JPG	[11] CCCIRC_200702_48.JPG	[12] CCCIRC_200702_51.JPG
[13] CCCIRC_200702_54.JPG	[14] CCCIRC_200805_01.JPG	[15] CCCIRC_200805_05.JPG
[16] CCCIRC_200805_15.JPG	[17] CCCIRC_200805_21.JPG	[18] CCCIRC_200805_24.JPG
[19] CCCIRC_200805_33.JPG	[20] CCCIRC_200805_38.JPG	[21] CCCIRC_200805_42.JPG
[22] CCCIRC_200805_43.JPG	[23] CCCIRC_200805_44.JPG	[24] CCCIRC_200805_48.JPG
[25] CCCIRC_200805_55.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. CCCIRC_200702_18.JPG: There are two of these stones in Chevy Chase Circle which I thought were the historic boundary stones. Nope! A Washington Post article In 1932, the Garden Club of America thought D.C. needed fancier entryways by John Kelly from May 5, 2018 (https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/in-1932-the-garden-club-of-america-thought-dc-needed-fancier-entryways/2018/05/03/c7bec22c-4f15-11e8-af46-b1d6dc0d9bfe_story.html ) says... ... Do not confuse these with the 40 boundary stones set in place in the 1790s. These stones were among those erected by the Garden Club of America beginning in 1932, the 200th anniversary of George Washington's birth. Memorial Bridge was dedicated that year and the large, eagle-topped pylons that stand at its Virginia end were seen as models for similar markers at other entrances to Washington. Such markers, wrote the garden club's president, Mrs. William Lockwood, "will not only add to our pride in our Capital, but may also be an inspiration to other cities to increase the beauty of their entering highways." The bridge's pylons were just too large to emulate. Eventually, inspiration was taken from a different source: columns along the Mason-Dixon Line that separated Maryland from Pennsylvania. An example in the collection of the Maryland Historical Society in Baltimore was used as a model. Architect Edward W. Donn Jr. supervised the stonecutting, which was done by Walter Phelps. The fluted shafts were made from Aquia Creek sandstone, the same material as the White House and Capitol are made of. Each was 18 inches square and seven feet tall, the top five feet of which was designed to be visible, and cost $300. Carved on one side was a cartouche with a bas-relief carving of George Washington standing on a pedestal, Lady Justice next to him and the dome of the Capitol in the background. On the other side was the seal of Maryland or Virginia, depending on where the marker was destined. The plan was to install pairs of markers at Chevy Chase Circle, 16th Street Circle, the Key Bridge and the Highway Bridge (what we think of as the 14th Street Bridge). The intersection of Georgia and Alaska avenues would get a single marker. Observant readers will have noticed that Westmoreland Circle is not on that list. And observant drivers and pedestrians will have noticed that there are no longer any Virginia markers. Of the Virginia stones, the 2007 application to place the remaining stones on the National Register of Historic Places put it this way: "The missing markers were likely removed and discarded during road widenings and/or construction; however, nothing is known for sure of their fate." There are no longer any markers at 16th Street's circle either. It's likely that the ones in Westmoreland Circle were originally at 16th Street. The seven remaining markers are a little bashed up, struck countless times by errant vehicles. A few have been pieced back together, the mortar clearly visible. Embarrassingly, some are turned around the wrong way. The eastern stone in Westmoreland Circle is backward, as is the western stone in Chevy Chase Circle. Both the stones in Friendship Heights are backward. Originally, the George Washington image faced away from the city, visible to motorists entering the District. After all, the message was "Welcome to Washington."
2. CCCIRC_200702_37.JPG: The Chevy Chase Land Company of Montgomery County, Maryland On the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary 1890-1990 Rededicates this Circle and Restores this Fountain in Memory of its Founder Senator Francis G. Newlands
3. CCCIRC_200702_39.JPG: Francis Griffith Newlands 1846 - 1917 Senator from Nevada his statesmanship held true regard for the interests of all men Founder of Chevy Chase This fountain erected in 1933 authorized by Act of Congress
4. CCCIRC_200702_43.JPG: Francis G. Newlands From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Francis Griffith Newlands (August 28, 1846 – December 24, 1917) was a United States Representative and Senator from Nevada and a member of the Democratic Party. A supporter of westward expansion, he helped pass the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902, which created the Bureau of Reclamation and boosted the agricultural industry by building dams to support irrigation in the arid Western states. An avowed white supremacist, Senator Newlands argued publicly for racial restrictions on immigration and repealing the 15th Amendment. Newlands also founded the neighborhoods of Chevy Chase, Washington, D.C.; and Chevy Chase, Maryland. Early life Newlands was born in Natchez, Mississippi, on August 28, 1846 (or 1848; sources differ). He was the fourth of five children born to Jessie and James Newlands, immigrants from Scotland. His father, trained as a physician in Edinburgh, died in 1851. Newlands was raised in Illinois and Washington, D.C. In 1867, he went to Yale University. In 1869, he graduated from Columbian College, which is now George Washington University Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. In 1901, he received an honorary M.A. degree. Career In 1870, Newlands moved to San Francisco, California. He married Clara Adelaide Sharon, the daughter of future Nevada senator William Sharon, in 1874. They had three daughters. Newlands helped William Sharon to reopen the Bank of California, and supervised the management of the Palace Hotel, San Francisco. When Newlands' wife died, he inherited the Sharon estate. Newlands married Edith McAllister and moved to Nevada in 1888. Land developer In the late 1880s, Newlands and his partners began to acquire farmland in northwestern Washington, D.C., and southern Montgomery County, Maryland, in order to develop a residential streetcar suburb for the nation's capital. On June 23, 1888, Newlands chartered the Rock Creek Railway for a single-track streetcar. Two years later, Newlands and his partners purchased more than 1,700 acres and formed the Chevy Chase Land Company. Between 1890 and 1892, the Land Company built two bridges, constructed five miles of road, and laid streetcar tracks along the road. The Rock Creek Railway opened in 1892. To supply the electricity to the streetcars, the company dammed Coquelin Run, a small tributary of Rock Creek, just east of Connecticut Avenue; the resulting Chevy Chase Lake supplied water for an electric generating plant. From 1894 to 1936, the Land Company operated an amusement park on the lake as a means to draw prospective buyers to the development and to keep the streetcars supplied with evening and weekend passengers. Newlands created the Chevy Chase Springs Hotel (later the Chevy Chase School for Girls, now the 4-H Youth Conference Center). Newlands ensured the community included schools, churches, country clubs, tree-lined streets, a water supply and a sewage system. Groceries and daily purchases were brought from Washington, D.C., on the railway at no charge to residents. In 1893, Newlands began to subdivide some property he inherited in Burlingame, California. He started with the Burlingame Country Club and five cottages. The following year, he added the Burlingame train station. U.S. Representative Newlands represented Nevada in the United States House of Representatives from 1893 to 1903 as a member of the Silver Party. In 1898, he created the Newlands Resolution, which annexed the Republic of Hawaii, creating a new territory. He supported a greater federal role in conservation and pushed for federal funding of western arid land irrigation projects. He helped pass the Reclamation Act of 1902, also called the Newlands Act, which created what would become the Bureau of Reclamation. U.S. Senator Newlands as a US Senator, c. 1914 Newlands entered the United States Senate in 1903 as a Democrat. He supported the protection of the National Forests under the United States Forest Service in 1905, and the creation of the National Park Service in 1916. He was a member of the Senate subcommittee that investigated the 1912 sinking of RMS Titanic. In 1916, he was the only Democratic senator to vote against the nomination of Louis Brandeis to the U.S. Supreme Court. Newlands held white supremacist beliefs and spoke publicly in favor of restricting the rights of African-Americans. He served until his death in Washington, D.C., on December 24, 1917. He died of heart failure in his home. Legacy The Francis Griffith Newlands Memorial Fountain is in Chevy Chase Circle, a federal park that divides D.C. and Maryland. In 2014, a member of the Chevy Chase advisory neighborhood commission proposed a resolution calling for the removal of Newlands' name from the fountain because of his white supremacist views on race, including his desire to remove the vote for African-Americans. Others believe that Chevy Chase should not alter the monument because the change would belittle Newlands' legislative accomplishments. Newlands' former mansion in Reno is one of six properties in Nevada designated as a National Historic Landmark. Many notable people, including Barbara Hutton in 1935, stayed at the house while waiting for their divorce paperwork to be finalized by George Thatcher, a local divorce lawyer who purchased the home in 1920.
5. CCCIRC_200805_21.JPG: Francis Griffith Newlands 1846 - 1917 Senator from Nevada his statesmanship held true regard for the interests of all men Founder of Chevy Chase This fountain erected in 1933 authorized by Act of Congress
6. CCCIRC_200805_24.JPG: The Chevy Chase Land Company of Montgomery County, Maryland On the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary 1890-1990 Rededicates this Circle and Restores this Fountain in Memory of its Founder Senator Francis G. Newlands
Wikipedia Description: Chevy Chase Circle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chevy Chase Circle is a traffic circle straddling the border of Chevy Chase, Washington, D.C. and Chevy Chase, Maryland. The circle sits upon the convergence of Western Avenue, Grafton Street, Magnolia Parkway, Chevy Chase Parkway, and Connecticut Avenue. In the center of the circle is a fountain dedicated to Representative and Senator Francis Griffith Newlands of Nevada. The circle is one of 33 Circles in the District of Columbia.

A Garden Club of America Entrance Marker, Chevy Chase Circle, located on the Washington, D.C. and Maryland border. The stone pylon was made in 1933 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

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Francis Griffith Newlands Memorial Fountain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Francis Griffith Newlands Memorial Fountain is a historic fountain located at Chevy Chase Circle, on the border between the Chevy Chase neighborhood, Northwest, Washington, D.C., and the community of Chevy Chase, Maryland. The fountain was designed by Edward W. Donn, Jr. in 1933 and erected in 1938. The project was funded by Newlands' widow.

Fountain

The fountain honors Francis G. Newlands, a U.S. senator and founder of Chevy Chase, Maryland. In 1902, Newland sponsored the Newlands Reclamation Act which allowed the federal government to begin irrigation of the West. He was an outspoken white supremacist and segregationist, advocating for the repeal of the 15th Amendment to deprive African-Americans of the right to vote. He founded the Chevy Chase Land Co. which established whites-only neighborhoods on the D.C.-Maryland border. He purchased over 1,700 acres (690 ha) of land and named it "Chevy Chase" to honor his Scottish homeland. In 1990, the fountain was refurbished by the Chevy Chase Land Co. to recognize the 100th anniversary of the founding of Chevy Chase. The fountain was rededicated and recognized by the National Register of Historic Places.

Proposed renaming

In December 2014, a proposal was considered by the Chevy Chase Advisory Neighborhood Commission to rename the fountain due to Newlands' white supremacist views. The Historic Chevy Chase DC Board adopted a resolution on December 8, 2014 to support the motion to change the name of Newlands Fountain to Chevy Chase Fountain. The descendants of Newlands opposed the renaming. The ANC voted 4-2 (1 abstention) to table the motion and consider it at a later time. The history of the issue is well-reviewed by HCCDC.
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