One of the leading independent historians of the Civil War, Bordewich, author of books including The First Congress and America’s Great Debate, takes exception to the common assumption that Lincoln alone was the driving force behind the outcome of the War Between the States. Focusing on Congress, and in particular four influential members—Thaddeus Stevens, Pitt Fessenden, Ben Wade, and Clement Vallandigham—Bordewich tells the overlooked story of a dynamic legislature, one which, in addition to pushing the president to act on emancipation before he was ready to, created the forerunner of the IRS, laid the ground for the Federal Reserve, enacted the Homestead Act, passed the Pacific Railway Act, and created the Land Grant Colleges Act.
underneath the file name (just above the picture). Spammers need not apply.
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I love well-behaved spiders! They are, in fact, how most people find my site. Unfortunately, my network has a limited bandwidth and pictures take up bandwidth. Spiders ask for lots and lots of pages and chew up lots and lots of bandwidth which slows things down considerably for regular folk. To counter this, you'll see all the text on the page but the images are being suppressed. Also, some system options like merges are being blocked for you.
Note: Permission is NOT granted for spiders, robots, etc to use the site for AI-generation purposes. I'm sure you're thrilled by your ability to make revenue from my work but there's nothing in that for my human users or for me.
If you are in fact human, please email me at guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can check if your designation was made in error. Given your number of hits, that's unlikely but what the hell.
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