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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.
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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
COLD_180602_12.JPG: Cold Harbor: The Early Actions
On May, 31, 1864, while the Army of the Potomac and the Army of Northern Virginia fought along Totopotomoy Creek, four miles to the north, Federal and Confederate cavalry gravitated toward the Old Cold Harbor crossroads. Following their victory along Matadequin Creek the previous day, the Federal troopers of Gen. Alfred T. A. Torbert's division pushed toward the important intersection from the east. Finding Old Cold Harbor defended by Gen. Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry division, plus elements of Gen. Thomas Clingman's infantry brigade, Torbert's men attacked and captured the intersection. With the crossroads in Federal hands, and reinforcements for both sides on the way, the fighting at Cold Harbor had just begun.
This section of the battlefield saw significant fighting on May 31, 1864, and for several days afterward. Confederate and Federal attacks took place over this ground on June 1, as both sides fought to gain advantage at Cold Harbor. On June 3, Federal soldiers of the 18th Corps pushed off from here in Gen. Grant's effort to break the Confederate line. Behind you is modern Beulah Church, rebuilt to replace the wartime structure that burned during the battle.
Hand-to-hand fighting at Cold Harbor on June 3, 1864, was just one of many very compelling moments in the famous battle.
COLD_180602_19.JPG: June 3, 1864 -- 18th Corps: A Disastrous Attack
General John H. Martindale's division of the 18th Corps deployed on this ground prior to its participation in the Federal attack on the morning of June 3, 1864. At 4:30 a.m., the roughly 3,400 men of the division advanced toward strong Confederate earthworks, approximately 1,000 yards in front of you. Charging into concentrated rifle and artillery fire, Benjamin Hett of the 12th New Hampshire recalled, "The men went down in rows, just as they marched in the ranks..." Martindale's division absorbed perhaps the most complete defeat of the day and suffered 1,043 casualties.
"Everything is quiet... such occasions as this... try men's nerves. Every face was more or less pale, but all had a determined look. Thus we stood, all ready for the charge... it seemed a long time to me, for at such a time with men's nerves strained to their utmost tension, a minute seems an hour."
-- George Place, 12th New Hampshire Infantry
General Martindale led a brigade when the Union army fought around Richmond in 1862. Just two years later, he commanded a division at Cold Harbor.
This aerial photograph shows the ground that Martindale's two brigades had to cross on June 3, 1864. The Union soldiers advanced into fire that converged from three directions. The green lines indicate preserved battlefield land.
COLD_180602_21.JPG: General Martindale led a brigade when the Union army fought around Richmond in 1862. Just two years later, he commanded a division at Cold Harbor.
COLD_180602_26.JPG: This aerial photograph shows the ground that Martindale's two brigades had to cross on June 3, 1864. The Union soldiers advanced into fire that converged from three directions. The green lines indicate preserved battlefield land.
COLD_180602_30.JPG: The Armies Gather at Cold Harbor
Afternoon -- June 1, 1864
Following the Federal cavalry's successful defense of the Old Cold Harbor Crossroads against Confederate infantry attacks on the morning of June 1, 1864, hard marching soldiers of the 6th Corps and 18th Corps arrived to solidify the Union army's hold on the strategic intersection. By late afternoon these two corps, totaling roughly 30,000 men, launched an attack against the Confederate line. The 18th Corps deployed around Beulah Church and attacked to the west. Brig. Gen. William T. H. Brooks' division advanced across this ground under fire, toward Confederates defending hastily built earthworks 600 yards ahead of you. Fighting raged into the darkness that night.
The Federal assault on the afternoon of June 1, 1864, temporarily broke the Confederate line and emboldened General Grant to try another assault at Cold Harbor on June 3.
Combat artist William Waud sketched the June 1 action in this vicinity.
COLD_180602_44.JPG: Combat artist William Waud sketched the June 1 action in this vicinity
Wikipedia Description: Battle of Cold Harbor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Battle of Cold Harbor, the final battle of Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Overland Campaign during the American Civil War, is remembered as one of American history's bloodiest, most lopsided battles. Thousands of Union soldiers were slaughtered in a hopeless frontal assault against the fortified troops of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Grant said of the battle in his memoirs "I have always regretted that the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made. I might say the same thing of the assault of the 22d of May, 1863, at Vicksburg. At Cold Harbor no advantage whatever was gained to compensate for the heavy loss we sustained."
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