DC -- U.S. Naval Heritage Center -- Exhibit: Year of MCPON:
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NAVMCP_170415_08.JPG: Post-Civil War Petty Officers
First There Were Firsts
Prior to the Civil War, enlisted Sailors were either petty officers or seamen. There were no classes within either group. After the Civil War, the Navy began distinguishing petty officers based on their perceived value to the Navy.
In 1866, petty officers were divided into two groups, Line and Staff. Each group wore a distinctive petty officer's device. Line Petty officers were considered to be the most important petty officers. Later in 1869, Navy Uniform Regulations authorized Master-at-Arms, Yeomen, Surgeon's Stewards, and Paymasters to wear "blue jackets with rolling collars, double breasted; two rows of medium size navy buttons..." and "plain blue caps with visor..." All other petty officers were directed to wear four cuff marks instead of three.
Petty Officers were divided into three classes in 1886. All first class petty officers were directed to wear blue jackets and caps with visors to distinguish them from other petty officers and seamen. Master-at-Arms were the most important first class petty officers. They had the most authority and were he highest paid petty officers in the Navy. Master-at-Arms of the late 19th century were senior enlisted leaders and can be compared, in some ways, to shipboard Command Master Chiefs today.
NAVMCP_170415_15.JPG: USS Enterprise Gunner's Mate instructs seamen on the operation of the XI-inch Dahlgren gun, ca 1874. Mates wore line petty officers. They wore traditional jumper style uniforms with a line petty officer device on their right sleeve along with four marks on their cuffs of their jumpers.
NAVMCP_170415_17.JPG: 1866-1868 Line petty officer devices for blue and white clothing worn on the right sleeve above the elbow. Staff petty officers wore the same device, minus the star, on the left sleeve above the elbow. Line petty officers were considered the most important petty officers in the post-Civil War Navy.
NAVMCP_170415_20.JPG: 1886-1893 Blue visor cap worn by first class petty officers. After 1886, all first class petty officers were required to wear uniforms consisting of sack coats, cravats and visored caps. In 1893, chief petty officers began wearing the same style uniform and first class petty officers reverted to traditional jumper-style uniforms worn by petty officers second class and below.
NAVMCP_170415_22.JPG: USS Chicago first class petty officers were divided into three classifications, first, second, and third classes. From 1886 until 1893, when the chief petty officer classification was established, first class petty officers were the senior enlisted leaders in the United States Navy.
NAVMCP_170415_26.JPG: 1886-1894 Petty Officer Firs Class Printer Rating badge. The first class petty officer rating badge had a scarlet lozenge below the specialty mark. This distinguished them from second class petty officers who also wore three chevrons but no lozenge.
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