BGuthrie Photos: DC -- U.S. Naval Heritage Center -- Exhibit: Year of Navy Reserves Centennial

DC -- U.S. Naval Heritage Center -- Exhibit: Year of Navy Reserves Centennial:

Bruce Guthrie Photos Home Page: [Click here] to go to Bruce Guthrie Photos home page.

Description of Pictures: April 2015 - April 2016
The United States Navy Memorial is proud to recognize the long and storied contributions of the United States Navy Reserve Centennial with a year-long celebration. Get involved and become a supporter of the National Exhibit!

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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[1] NAVNR_150315_001.JPG	[2] NAVNR_150315_012.JPG	[3] NAVNR_150315_016.JPG
[4] NAVNR_150315_022.JPG	[5] NAVNR_150315_026.JPG	[6] NAVNR_150315_028.JPG
[7] NAVNR_150315_036.JPG	[8] NAVNR_150315_044.JPG	[9] NAVNR_150315_046.JPG
[10] NAVNR_150315_055.JPG	[11] NAVNR_150315_061.JPG	[12] NAVNR_150315_065.JPG
[13] NAVNR_150315_068.JPG	[14] NAVNR_150315_072.JPG	[15] NAVNR_150315_076.JPG
[16] NAVNR_150315_081.JPG	[17] NAVNR_150315_084.JPG	[18] NAVNR_150315_087.JPG
[19] NAVNR_150315_091.JPG	[20] NAVNR_150315_094.JPG	[21] NAVNR_150315_098.JPG
[22] NAVNR_150315_102.JPG	[23] NAVNR_150315_106.JPG	[24] NAVNR_150315_113.JPG
[25] NAVNR_150315_124.JPG	[26] NAVNR_150315_128.JPG	[27] NAVNR_150315_129.JPG
[28] NAVNR_150315_132.JPG	[29] NAVNR_150315_144.JPG	[30] NAVNR_150315_148.JPG
[31] NAVNR_150315_155.JPG	[32] NAVNR_150315_169.JPG	[33] NAVNR_150315_175.JPG
[34] NAVNR_150315_179.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. NAVNR_150315_001.JPG: Gun Crew Loading 5 inch 38 Caliber Gun by McClelland Barclay, c 1943
2. NAVNR_150315_028.JPG: Soldier with Flag by Chip Beck, 1991
3. NAVNR_150315_044.JPG: Welcome Welcome to the Year of Navy Reserve; a Centennial Celebration at the US Navy Memorial. 2015 marks the 100th anniversary of the Navy Reserve Force, an organization of citizen sailors over 107,000 strong dedicated to supporting the Navy in every mission area. These Reserve Sailors dedicate themselves simultaneously to their military and civilian careers, upholding the highest traditions of honor, courage, and commitment. The Navy Memorial is proud to present this exhibit in conjunction with two other displays at the Washington Navy Yard and at the Pentagon as part of the Navy Reserve Centennial Celebration.
4. NAVNR_150315_046.JPG: Up Romeo by John Charles Roach, 1992
5. NAVNR_150315_055.JPG: Raising the USS Lafayette by Griffith Bailey Coale, 1943
6. NAVNR_150315_061.JPG: Naval Militia Era 1884-1914 From the American Revolution through the Civil War, the United States navy employed merchant sailors and civilian volunteers to provide additional manpower during wartime. This system worked well, until the fleet began transitioning from wooden vessels to steel warships at the end of the 19th century when the need for specially trained and reliable reserve force became apparent. Several attempts to create a federal naval reserve failed, leaving the solution to the states, Massachusetts established the first naval militia in 1890 and by 1914 more than 7,500 Sailors were serving in 22 state naval militias. The state militias received federal funding and obsolete naval vessels for training platforms by remained under state control. State naval militias were mobilized an placed under federal control during the Spanish American War and World War I.
7. NAVNR_150315_065.JPG: War War I Era 1915-1919 As successful as the state naval militias were in the Spanish-American War, the World War I truly demonstrated the need for a federal naval reserve to engage in successful modern sea combat. On March 3, 1915 Congress passed legislation to appropriate funding for such a force and established the US Naval Reserve. Initially, only recently honorably discharged enlisted Sailors were able to enroll, which severely limited the pool of recruits. Reorganized in 1916 into the US Naval Reserve Force (USNRF), the new force was able to enroll citizens without prior service, including women, and to commission officers below the rank of Lieutenant Commander. When America entered World War I in April 1917, eight thousand Sailors were members of the Naval Reserve Force; eighteen months later, more than 250,000 Reserve Sailors were on active duty, making up more than half the war-time Navy.
8. NAVNR_150315_068.JPG: Navy Women in World War I 1917-1919 On 19 March 1917, the Secretary of the Navy authorized the enrollment of women into the US Naval Reserve Force (USNRF). Initially, women entered the Navy to perform clerical work, but they were soon working as mechanics, truck drivers, cryptographers, telephone operators, and munitions makers. Women generally served ashore in the United States, freeing men for sea duty. During the war, over 11,000 women served in the Naval Reserve Force, but all were released from active duty after the war and transferred to the inactive reserve, not eligible to re-enlist. Except as nurses, women did not serve in the Navy again until 1942.
9. NAVNR_150315_072.JPG: Training for War 1920-1938 Following World War I, 225,000 sailors remained in the Naval Reserve. In 1921, post-war budget cuts forced nearly all Reserve Sailors to transfer to non-pay status. By 1923 funding had improved and the Naval Reserve was revived with the establishment of new aviation units and bases. Reservists were returned to pay status and began to train at local Naval Armories and participate in summer cruises with the fleet. Global tensions prompted an expansion of the fleet in the mid-1930s. New warships were built and decommissioned vessels were placed back in service. Naval Reserve Sailors were mobilized to bring their skills and experience to man the growing fleet.
10. NAVNR_150315_076.JPG: National Emergency 1939-1941 The United States officially entered World War II in September 1939 when the US Atlantic Fleet began conducting Neutrality Patrols off the coasts of North and South America. President Roosevelt declared a limited national emergency that authorized the voluntary mobilization of the Naval Reserve. Reserve Sailors were assigned to ships and aviation units conducting the Neutrality Patrols. As tensions mounted, all Naval Reserve Sailors not already mobilized were involuntarily recalled to active duty in 1941 and many began escorting cross-Atlantic convoys in July. USS Reuben James (DD 245) was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-552 on 31 October 1941 with the loss of 115 crewman [sic] which included eleven mobilized Naval Reserve Sailors.
11. NAVNR_150315_081.JPG: The Naval Reserve Goes to War 1941 Naval Reserve Sailors aboard USS Ward (DD 139) fired the first shots of the war in the Pacific in the early morning hours of December 7, 1941. Ward was on patrol outside of Pearl Harbor when she engaged and sank a Japanese mini-submarine two hours before the main Japanese air attack began. With these opening salvos, the Reserve Sailors aboard Ward became the first Navy personnel to see action in World War II. Over the next few weeks, thousands of men and women joined the Naval Reserve. When the US entered the war over 45,000 Reserve Sailors were serving on active duty. Four years later, over three million Reservists were serving, comprising 84 percent of the total Force.
12. NAVNR_150315_084.JPG: Naval Reserve Sailors in World War II 1941-1945 Naval Reserve Sailors participated in every major campaign of World War II. They served on surface ships and submarines, and as aviators and Seabees. Officer and enlisted Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) filled critical roles at shore installations, releasing men for sea duty. Naval Reserve Nurses cared for Sailors and Marines at hom and on the battlefield. Five future US Presidents served as Naval Reserve officers during the war and fifteen Reserve Sailors received the Medal of Honor for their heroic actions.
13. NAVNR_150315_087.JPG: The "New" Naval Reserve and the Cold War 1946-1949 When World War II ended, nearly four million Sailors were on active duty; within a year, three million had been released. The mission of the Naval Reserve in the immediate post-war years was to provide crews and personnel for hundreds of ships and squadrons that had been placed in reserve for future use in case of war. By 1948, over one million Sailors were enrolled in the US Naval Reserve -- most of them World War II veterans. A massive construction project began in 1948 to build over 300 modern Naval Reserve Training Centers (NRTC) and to improve existing Naval Air Reserve facilities.
14. NAVNR_150315_091.JPG: The Cold War Heats Up 1950-1975 When the Korean War erupted in June 1950, more than 170,000 Naval Reserve Sailors mobilized over the next three years. Many served on front line warships and in tactical aviation squadrons operating off the coast of Korea. Reserve Hospital Corpsmen served in field hospitals and with Marine Corps infantry units. In the decades following the Korean War, Naval Reserve forces were mobilized as needed to help blunt the spread of Communism. In 1961, the Berlin Crisis caused 40 Naval Reserve Force ships and three reserve squadrons to activate. In 1967, two Reserve Seabee battalions deployed to South Vietnam while Naval Reserve transport squadrons flew thousands of air logistics missions to and from the area.
15. NAVNR_150315_094.JPG: The Post-Vietnam Era 1976-1989 The mission of the Naval Reserve transformed in the post-Vietnam Era from functioning as a general manpower pool for fleet augmentation to a more specialized, capabilities-based force. Sailors still served on Naval Reserve Force ships and in naval aviation squadrons, but new missions evolved or expanded for the Force including Cargo Handling, Intelligence, Inshore Undersea Warfare, Mobile Construction, Coastal Riverine and Mine Warfare. Budget cuts in 1977 reduced end strength from 129,000 to 87,000. Then in the 1980s, as President Reagan pursued a 600-ship Navy to counter the Soviet Union, the Naval Reserve expanded to almost 150,000 to help man the Fleet.
16. NAVNR_150315_098.JPG: A Shift in Focus 1990=1999 The 1990 invasion of Kuwait resulted in the largest mobilization of the Naval Reserve since the Korean War. Over 20,000 Reserve Sailors deployed to Southwest Asia in support of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. They provided surge support and expertise in specialties including port security, field medicine, air logistics and mobile construction. During the 1990s Naval Reserve Sailors also assumed more humanitarian and disaster relief missions, mobilizing to the Balkans, Kosovo, and Haiti. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the primary mission focus of the Navy had shifted from global to regional conflicts, and it began to rely more on individual reserve activations instead of entire units.
17. NAVNR_150315_102.JPG: Answering the Nation's Call 2000-2015 Since the terrorist attacks against USS Cole (DDG 67) in 2000 and the United States on 9-11, over 70,000 Reserve Sailors have mobilized to serve in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere worldwide, providing support to special operations, medical, intelligence, construction, air logistics, and more. Sailors also mobilized as individual Augmentees, manning customs areas and securing enemy prisoner detention facilities. In 2005, the naval Reserve was re-designated the US Navy Reserve to emphasize the unity between active duty and reserve forces. This change reflects the Navy Reserve's ability to provide trained and ready forces where it matters, when it matters. The rich history of the Navy Reserve reflects a proud tradition of service to our nation, epitomized by their Centennial motto: Ready Then, Ready Now, Ready Always.
18. NAVNR_150315_106.JPG: Kodiak Cooperation by William F. Draper, 1942
19. NAVNR_150315_113.JPG: Commando Raid by Herbert C. Hahn, c 1951
20. NAVNR_150315_155.JPG: The Evening Visit by Albert K. Murray, 1944
21. NAVNR_150315_179.JPG: World War I Battle Fleet Returning to New York Harbor by Henry Reuterdahl, 1920
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