BGuthrie Photos: CWT Grand Review (2014) in Atlanta, GA -- Saturday Banquet incl Stephen Davis talk

CWT Grand Review (2014) in Atlanta, GA -- Saturday Banquet incl Stephen Davis talk:

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Description of Pictures: Keynote speaker: Stephen Davis on What the Yankees Did To Us: Sherman's Bombardment and Wrecking of Atlanta

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. CWTDI1_140920_061.JPG: Stephen Davis
2. CWTDI1_140920_336.JPG: Jim addresses the crowd about the new Campaign 1776 initiative
3. CWTDI2_140920_002.JPG: Sherman's Bombardment of Atlanta July 20-August 25, 1864 Stephen Davis Thanks for inviting me!
4. CWTDI2_140920_023.JPG: City shelling without warning to civilians was well established by summer 1864 * Fredericksburg, December 1862: US Maj. Gen. Edwin Sumner gives 16 hours for mayor to remove women & children * General Orders No. 100, April 1863: "it is no infraction of the common law of war to omit thus to inform the enemy." * Vicksburg, May-July 1863: US Maj. Gen. Grant gave no warning * Charleston, August 1863: Maj. Gen. Quincy Gillmore only gave Gen. Beauregard 4 hours' notice (Beauregard protested inadequate time) * Petersburg, June 1864: Grant ordered shelling, again without warning
5. CWTDI2_140920_027.JPG: By July 19, Sherman's armies had gotten close enough to start bombardment of Atlanta * Sherman's orders to all 3 army commanders: "If the army reach within cannon-range of the city... if fired upon... no consideration must be paid to the fact that they are occupied by families, but the place must be cannonaded without the formality of a demand."
6. CWTDI2_140920_034.JPG: The first Northern shells, afternoon of July 20: Lt. Francis DeGress' Illinois battery of 20-pounder Parrotts fired 3 shells into downtown -- "the first to be fired into the city of Atlanta."
7. CWTDI2_140920_043.JPG: The legend of the "little girl" allegedly killed by the first shell, July 20: Hoehling, The Last Train from Atlanta (1958) The problem: * No contemporary report of such an event in Confederate newspapers. * First printed statement: ca. 1888 in Journal or Constitution * Publicized by Wallace Reed in his History of Atlanta (1889) * Has taken hold since then
8. CWTDI2_140920_050.JPG: The first of Hood's 3 attacking battles: Peachtree Creek, July 20: * Hood hoped to attack 1 pm; battle actually started 4 * Federals held line roughly along Collier Road from Peachtree to Howell Mill * Echelon attack by division, from right * Confederates drove back Federals in places * By dusk, assaults repulsed
9. CWTDI2_140920_057.JPG: After the battle of Peachtree Creek, Confederates withdrew from outer line into main fortifications, night July 21-22: Shown here: Wilbur G. Kurtz's "Chamber of Commerce map," superimposing trench lines of 1864 on Atlanta's streets, 1938
10. CWTDI2_140920_061.JPG: Hood's construction allows more Yankee artillery to come into range: For July 23 Sherman called for all armies to entrench, build batteries, and keep up "a steady fire on the city of Atlanta." 10- and 20-pounder Parrotts and 3" rifles got in range. (Range of 20-pounder Parrott at 15 degrees elevation with two-pound charge: 4500 yards or 2-1/2 miles)
11. CWTDI2_140920_069.JPG: Hood launches flank attack, July 22: * McPherson's army east of city, advancing along Georgia RR * US cavalry sent off to destroy more of railroad * Union flank "in the air" * Hardee's corps + Wheeler's cavalry march through city then into US flank/rear * CS attack initially successful; but withdrawal by dusk * Casualties: 4000 US (including McPherson); 5500 CS
12. CWTDI2_140920_083.JPG: Howard's march to west of Atlanta leads to Hood's 3d attacking battle: Ezra Church, July 28: * Sherman sends McPherson's army/now Howard's around city from east to west * Objective: approach railroad to East Point * Gen. S.D. Lee's botched attack fails * Casualties: 600 US; 3000 CS
13. CWTDI2_140920_095.JPG: Sherman's shift from the Georgia Railroad around toward the Macon & Western brings Union artillery to the west of the city: * Georgia Railroad had been destroyed in McPherson's advance; Yellow River bridges later burned * Lovell Rousseau's cavalry had torn up 26 miles of the Atlanta & West Point line to Montgomery, mid-July: it was never repaired * Macon & Western via East Point to Macon was now Hood's only supply line left
14. CWTDI2_140920_099.JPG: Shift in Federal lines east of city's catches some houses in no-man's-land: * Sherman to Schofield, July 27: "If you don't occupy that brick house as an outpost burn it." * Schofield to Sherman, July 27: "The brick house you refer to was burned this evening."
15. CWTDI2_140920_105.JPG: Soldiers of both houses stripped houses behind their lines for wood: Augustus Hurt house (site of Carter Center): "It was literally torn apart to build shacks, and to feed the voracious camp fires of the thousands of federal soldiers who swarmed about." "The house was not burned, but was taken down... I know this to be a fact, as I saw hinges and locks and pieces of marble mantels scattered at many places where the soldiers built fires." -- Augustus Hurt to Wilbur Kurtz, Apr. 13, 1918
16. CWTDI2_140920_115.JPG: How non-combatants endured the shellfire: cellars, "bomb-proofs," and cave dugouts: 3,000-4,000 non-combatants stayed and endured the shelling * Some determined to stick it out * Too poor to flee * Had nowhere to go * Slaves, deserting masters and hiding around city * "Secret Yankees" wait for Union conquerors
17. CWTDI2_140920_130.JPG: The Willis family dugout in southwest Atlanta, illustrated by Wilbur Kurtz (Atlanta Journal Sunday Magazine, July 10, 1932)
18. CWTDI2_140920_136.JPG: One Atlantan who stayed: Mayor James Calhoun * Last City Council meeting held July 18: voted to send "city mules" out to town * The Mayor sent his wife, children and servants to south Georgia * He stayed in the city, not leaving until the forced expulsion
19. CWTDI2_140920_145.JPG: Though it should have been a Federal artillery target, the downtown Car Shed was little damaged
20. CWTDI2_140920_157.JPG: Hood's construction of a "railway defense line" prevents Sherman from extending his right to the M&W: * "I cannot extend more without making my lines too weak" -- Sherman to Grant, August 10 * "The enemy can build parapets faster than we can march. It seems we are more besieged than they." -- Sherman to Schofield, Aug. 11
21. CWTDI2_140920_161.JPG: Stymied, Sherman steps up the barrage on August 9, purportedly to divert attention from Schofield's extension to the right: August 9, day of heaviest cannonfire on the city * "All the batteries that cna reach the buildings of Atlanta will fire steadily on the town, using during the day about fifty rounds per gun, shell and solid shot." -- Sherman to Thomas, August 8 * "I threw into Atlanta about 3,000 solid shot and shell today." -- Sherman to Halleck, August 9 * "Yesterday was a day of continuous cannonading, from 100 pieces on our side, inflicting terrible damage upon the houses and public edifices in the doomed city." -- Gen. John Geary to wife, August 10
22. CWTDI2_140920_175.JPG: Union bombardment as major cause of Atlanta property destruction: The Ponder House, near Fort Hood, behind Confederate lines in the northwest salient. U.S. signal officer Lt. W.W. Hopkins, on bombardment on August 9: "the most noticeable effect of the shelling was in front of General Geary's division at a fort and house. This fort was struck; also the works near it, and the house had a large hole knocked in it besides being riddled."
23. CWTDI2_140920_189.JPG: Sherman ordered four larger cannon from Chattanooga "I do not deem it prudent to extend more to the right, but will push forward daily by parallels, and make the inside of Atlanta too hot to be endured." -- Sherman to Halleck, August 7 "I have sent to Chattanooga for two 30-pounder Parrotts, with which we can pick out almost any house in the town." Three 4.5" siege rifles arrived August 9
24. CWTDI2_140920_191.JPG: Wilbur Kurtz discovered site of three 4.5" guns in late 1920s, inked into his Chamber map of 1938: three dots below "S" (today 11th & Cherry Streets at Georgia Tech)
25. CWTDI2_140920_207.JPG: Yankees also try "hot shot" to set fires downtown * Shells ignited cotton, wooden structures * Firefighters, reduced in number, battled blazes under shellfire * But downtown water cisterns had dried in summer heat
26. CWTDI2_140920_208.JPG: One well-publicized fire: Atlanta Lard Oil Company, night of August 23-24 "A shell exploded in the Holland Warehouse on Alabama street, (less known as the Lard Oil factory) and set fire to 120 bales of cotton, destroying the warehouse with its contents." -- (Atlanta [Macon] Intelligencer, Aug. 27, 1864)
27. CWTDI2_140920_219.JPG: Last shell fired evening/night August 25 * "For some cause the Federal batteries are silent this morning." -- ("Telegraphic," Atlanta Intelligencer, Aug. 26) * "On Thursday [August 25] the shelling ceased altogether." -- (Samuel Richards' diary, August 27) * "Last night Marietta Street was knocked into a cocked hat." -- ("Shadow"/Henry Watterson, Mobile Register & Advertiser, Aug. 30) * "Not a shell had been thrown into the city since Thursday night last [August 25]." -- (Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel, August 31)
28. CWTDI2_140920_236.JPG: How many civilian casualties? * Scarcity of reliable information: city cemetery records ceased; C.S. surgeons kept no records * Confederate newspapers reported hearsay; few eyewitness confirmations * Sam Richards, August 21: "It is said that about twenty lives have been destroyed by these terrible missiles..." * Even after August 25, unexploded shells detonated, killing and wounding more My guess: ca 25 dead, ca 40-60 wounded
29. CWTDI2_140920_240.JPG: In my research I have learned of several shell-casualties * William Dyer, railroad worker, was killed by a shell, standing in his year August 20 After the war his widow Amy attested to the event in her application to the Southern Claims Commission for payment for property damaged by Federals during the occupation. (The late Prof. Tom Dyer found the application for his book, Secret Yankees [1999])
30. CWTDI2_140920_244.JPG: Another victim The daughter of John M. Weaver, engineer, killed by a shell July 23 "Mrs. Weaver, on Walton street, was in his kitchen with her child near by and the shell ripped through the walls and tore her child to pieces." -- Marcus A. Bell to wife, August 11, 1864 (shown here: Mark Bell's "Calico house")
31. CWTDI2_140920_253.JPG: The most famous shell-death: Sol Luckie, free African-American barber Gas lamppost, Alabama and Whitehall Streets, struck by Northern shell, possibly on August 15 * Shell fragment hit Solomon Luckie, free black barber * Dr. Noel D'Alvigny operated * Luckie died within hours
32. CWTDI2_140920_263.JPG: Today the lamppost stands at the same site, in Underground Atlanta But to this day on the post there is no mention of Solomon Luckie, the most famous African-American killed by Sherman's shells
33. CWTDI2_140920_276.JPG: With his bombardment (and other acts) William T. Sherman has put his face on hard war more than any other American general
34. CWTDI2_140920_282.JPG: Thanks, y'all!
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Featured Folk: Some of the people here can also be seen on other pages on this site.
- Davis, Stephen appears on:
  - 2014_GA_CWT_Reception_140920 CWT Grand Review (2014) in Atlanta, GA -- Saturday Reception Before Dinner
- Leonard, Eric appears on:
  - 2014_GA_CWT_Reception_140920 CWT Grand Review (2014) in Atlanta, GA -- Saturday Reception Before Dinner
- Lighthizer, Jim appears on:
  - 2018_IL_ABT_Thank_You_180920 ABT Special Thank You Event in Chicago, IL
  - 2018_VA_ABT_Banquet_180602 ABT Annual Conference (2018) in Yorktown, VA -- Reception and Banquet
  - 2018_VA_ABT_Photo_Extra_180601 ABT Annual Conference (2018) in Yorktown, VA -- Peninsula Photo Extravaganza!
  - 2018_VA_ABT_CB_Dinner_180531 ABT Annual Conference (2018) in Yorktown, VA -- Color Bearer Dinner w/A. Willson Greene
  - 2018_VA_ABT_Green_Springs_180531 ABT Annual Conference (2018) in Yorktown, VA -- Battle of Green Springs
  - 2018_VA_ABT_Lunch_180531 ABT Annual Conference (2018) in Yorktown, VA -- Opening Lunch
  - 2018_SC_CWT_Kings_Cows_180210 CWT Color Bearer Thank You Weekend (2018) in Greenville, SC -- Kings Mountain and Cowpens Tour
  - 2018_SC_CWT_Welcome_180209 CWT Color Bearer Thank You Weekend (2018) in Greenville, SC -- Welcoming Event and Reception
  - 2017_VA_CWT_Goose_Creek_171206 CWT -- News Conference: Goose Creek Battlefield
  - 2017_VA_CWT_Sentry_171014 CWT Grand Review (2017) in Fredericksburg, VA -- Walking Tour and Open House @ Sentry Box
  - ...More (List all 176 pages with this person)...
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