MD -- Cumberland:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- CUMB_130330_062.JPG: Light the Steeples
- CUMB_130330_123.JPG: A memorial to all living and dead who have served in our nation's armed forces.
- CUMB_130330_140.JPG: McNeill's Raid
Capture of Crook and Kelly
In the predawn darkness of February 21, 1865, Confederate Lt. Jesse McNeill and his partisan (guerrilla) rangers rode into Cumberland from the west on this road. Unlike most raiders who targeted the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for attack, McNeill had other targets in mind: Union Gens. Benjamin F. Kelley, who commanded the troops guarding the railroad, and George Crook.
McNeill's men overpowered two guard units and deceived others who challenged them by claiming, to be scouts from New Creek, west of town. One group rode to the Barnum Hotel and rushed upstairs to Kelley's door, where they "persuaded" his adjutant to admit them. Once inside, they rudely awakened Kelley, ordered him to dress, and marched him and the adjutant down stairs. Other rangers occupied the Revere House and knocked on Crook's locked door. When Crook invited them inside, ranger Joseph Vandiver entered with a light in one hand and a pistol in the other. He identified himself to Crook as Confederate Gen. Thomas L. Rosser, perhaps to make surrender more palatable, and told Crook, "You are in my power, and you have two minutes in which to dress. There are your clothes; either put them on or go without."
Leaving town, McNeill's rangers and their prisoners rode west on Baltimore Street, then turned left on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal towpath. At Wiley's Ford, they crossed the Potomac River into West Virginia. McNeill's daring raid stunned Federal officials, who quickly arranged a prisoner exchange for the two generals.
- CUMB_130330_152.JPG: Capture of Generals B.F. Kelly and George Crook
-- Nights, February 21–22, 1865 --
A company of Confederates, young men from Cumberland, Maryland, Hampshire and Hardy Counties, West Virginia, captured several picket posts, obtained the countersign "Bulls Gap," rode into the city, captured two commanding Union Generals, Kelly and Crook, and Adj. General Thayer Melvin, and sent them to Richmond, Virginia, as prisoners of war, without firing a shot.
General Crook was captured in this building, then known as "Revere House." Generals Kelly and Melvin were taken from the "Barnum House," (now Windsor Hotel).
General Lew Wallace was stationed here, in command of a large body of Indiana Zouaves; also Brig. General Hayes, later President of the United States.
This most daring episode of the Civil War created a great sensation all over the country, as at the time several thousand Union troops were stationed in Cumberland.
- Description of Subject Matter: The town of Cumberland is located on the western edge of Maryland and marks the union of Will's Creek into the Potomac River. In 1755, Fort Cumberland was established here. It was here that George Washington received his first commission. (His headquarters building from that time is still preserved here.) Years later, he would don his military uniform for the last time here as he instructed federal troops under Henry "Lighthorse" Lee on their orders for suppressing the Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania.
Cumberland's importance in the 1800's, however, was due to it being the terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. The canal, started in Georgetown in 1828, would reach 184.5 miles in length. Its ditch and towpath would require 74 lift locks, 7 dams, 11 aqueducts, and a 3,118-foot tunnel near Paw Paw. The canal reached Harpers Ferry in 1833, Hancock in 1839, and then stalled because of the tunnel and labor troubles.
The competing Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, however, which began the same day, continued without major problems. It reached Cumberland in 1842. The National Road had reached here before. The canal company had planned to keep going beyond Cumberland (its name was because it planned to get as far as the Ohio Valley) but financial problems and the railroad's success caused it to drop these plans. Finally, in 1850, the canal made it to Cumberland. It wasn't profitable until the 1870's however. In 1889, a devastating flood destroyed the canal. Bankrupted, the canal company was bought by the B&O Railroad which tried to resume the canal business. Another massive flood in 1924 killed it for good though. In 1971, the canal became the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park and is preserved forever.
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