BGuthrie Photos: VA -- Guinea Station -- Jackson Shrine

VA -- Guinea Station -- Jackson Shrine:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. SHRINE_120603_002.JPG: Guinea Station Grant Maneuvers South Lee vs. Grant -– The 1864 Campaign General Winfield Hancock's Union Second corps left Spotsylvania Court House after sunset on May 290, 1864. It trudged south along dark roads, headed toward Milford Station on the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad. Grant had ordered Hancock to Milford in the hope of luring the Confederate army out of its Spotsylvania trenches to a place where he could attack it and have the advantage. Hancock reached Guinea Station about dawn, May 21. Pickets of the 9th Virginia Cavalry fired at the Union column, then disappeared to spread the alarm. Hancock continued south. A soon as his troops left Guinea Station, the Confederates began tearing up the Downer's Bridge, less than a mile behind you. A spirited attack by the 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers saved the bridge for the Union, however, enabling Warren's Fifth Corps to cross the river there later in the afternoon. Fairfield was a sturdy brick plantation house when Grant dropped by on May 231, 1864. A fire later gutted the building, and in 1911 it was torn down. Grant established his headquarters at the Motley House on May 21. He later wandered over to Fairfield and spoke with Mrs. Chandler about "Stonewall" Jackson's death there one year earlier.
2. SHRINE_120603_007.JPG: A Staggering Blow "We had confidence in him that knew no bounds...his loss was irreparable." -- Wills Lee, Richmond Howitzers News of Stonewall Jackson's death stunned the South. "A greater sense of loss and deeper grief never followed the death of mortal man," recorded one of Jackson's men. Union soldiers felt both joy and lament. "I rejoice at Stonewall Jackson's death as a gain to our cause," wrote Union Den. Gouverneur Warren, "yet in my soldier's heart I cannot but see him the best soldier of all this war, and grieve his untimely end." Jackson's death fell heaviest on Gen. Robert E. Lee. He had come to rely on Jackson to carry out his plans, and Jackson had seldom failed him. "Such an executive officer the sun never shone on," Lee once said of his subordinate. "I have but to show him my design, and I know that if it can be done it will be done." With Stonewall gone, Lee would never again achieve the success he had gained at Chancellorsville. Jackson's wife, Mary Anna and her daughter Julia Jackson. Mary Anna never remarried, wore mourning clothes the remainder The last photo of Stonewall Jackson, taken two weeks before his death. Mrs. Jackson felt the image made her husband look too stern.
3. SHRINE_120603_012.JPG: War Comes to Fairfield War brought profound changes to the Chandler family, Fairfield, and the slaves who toiled on the plantation. Three of Thomas Chandler's sons enlisted in the Confederate army. When the Union army occupied Fredericksburg in 1862 many of Chandler's slaves seized freedom, leaving the family without its customary workforce. In December 1862 the Confederates established a major supply depot at Guinea Station, just a few hundred yards from Fairfield's back door. Camps sprawled across the plantation. Stonewall Jackson himself camped here for a week, declining the Chandler's offer to stay in the house. Instead he pitched a tent nearby. By 1863 Chandler had had enough: he sold Fairfield. But before the Chandlers could move away, Fairfield's most famous visitor would return yet again – this time not to camp but to die. Jackson's death here propelled the plantation to a fame it had never known. Jackson arrived at Fairfield for the last time on May 4, 1863. By then the plantation was a vast camp, crowded with thousands of Union prisoners and Confederate wounded.
4. SHRINE_120603_017.JPG: Fairfield Plantation The farm office across the lawn is all that remains of the once-sprawling plantation called "Fairfield." Thomas Coleman Chandler purchased Fairfield Plantation in 1845. For the next 17 years it prospered and evolved – largely at the hands of the dozens of slaves who worked the fields and toiled in the Big House. The plantation was profitable enough that in 1854 Chandler tore down the main house and constructed a more substantial two-story brick house in its place. That house stood until 1909. While Chandler raised his family and managed his affairs, slaves made Fairfield one of the more prosperous plantations in Caroline County. The place resembled more a village than a simple home, with barns, smokehouse, kitchen, and slave quarters. For a time before the war, Thomas Chandler's son practiced medicine from the farm office later made famous by "Stonewall" Jackson. Fro the Chandlers, the Civil War abruptly ended the halcyon days; for the Chandler slaves, war brought the prospect of freedom. Today the National Park Service owns just a fraction of Fairfield's original acreage. Only one building from the plantation remains -– the farm office where Jackson died. The main house, farm office, and other outbuildings lay at the heart of Fairfield's original 740 acres. After the war, all fell into disrepair. When the R.F.&P. Railroad acquired the property in 1909, it pulled down the main house and restored the farm office, calling it the "Jackson Shrine." The railroad donated the site to the National Park Service in 1937. Today the National Park Service owns just a fraction of Fairfield's original acreage. Only one building from the plantation remains -- the farm office where Jackson died.
5. SHRINE_120603_039.JPG: Foundation of the main house
6. SHRINE_120603_065.JPG: Guinea's Depot 12 O'Clock M. May 9th 63 My dear Sister: Mrs. Hoge & I found the General worse this morning. He had been sinking during the morning but is doing better now the Drs. think. Mrs. J. is very much afflicted. Mrs H's arrival is very timely, and will prove of great consolation to Mrs. Jackson. I will try to let you know about the Gen. as often as possible. I am With much love Your aff. brother Jas. P. Smith
7. SHRINE_120603_129.JPG: Jackson's Staff Quarters: Jackson's aide James Power Smith, later a prominent Presbyterian minister, slept here. At one time or another, fellow staff members and doctors were roommates, including Dr. Hunter McGuire (though he went largely without sleep, sometimes napping on a lounge at Jackson's bedside) and Dr. Samuel B. Morrison, a kinsman of Mrs. Jackson's. Furnishings in this room comprised personal effects of the temporary occupants and a few pieces hastily placed here by the Chandlers.
8. SHRINE_120603_144.JPG: Jim Lewis's Room: Jackson's camp servant [that is, slave] Jim Lewis slept in this, the smaller of the two upstairs rooms. A staff officer described Lewis as " a handsome mulatto, in the prime of life, well-made and ... true only to the General." Mrs. Jackson remembered "it was touching to see the genuine grief of his servant, Jim, who nursed him faithfully to the end."
Description of Subject Matter: During the battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was wounded on May 2 by his own men. His arm was amputated (buried at the Lacy House) and then he was moved south by carriage for treatment. He was to be put on a railroad train at Guinea Station but Union cavalry had destroyed the lines south of the station and he was put up in the caretaker's house at Fairfield plantation. There, he briefly recovered and then succumbed to pneumonia. He died in this house on May 10.
A year later, Union forces under Grant would move through this area. Gen. Winfield Hancock's Union Second Corps left Spotsylvania Court House after sunset on May 20, 1864. It trudged south along dark roads, headed toward Milford Station on the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad. Grant had ordered Hancock to Milford in the hope of luring the Confederate army out of its Spotsylvania trenches to a place where he could attack it and have the advantage.
Hancock reached Guinea Station about dawn, May 21. Pickets of the 9th Virginia Cavalry fired at the Union column, then disappeared to spread the alarm. Hancock continued south. As soon as his troops left Guinea Station, the Confederates began tearing up the Downer's Bridge, less than a mile behind you. A spirited attack by the 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers saved the bridge for the Union, however, enabling Warren's Fifth Corps to cross the river there later in the afternoon.
Grant established his headquarters at Motley House on May 21. Later, he wandered over to Fairfield and spoke to the owner about the death of Jackson. To prevent vandalism from his own men, he posted a Union guard to protect the property.
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