BGuthrie Photos: MD -- Hagerstown

MD -- Hagerstown:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. HAGER_120203_010.JPG: The Cumberland Valley Railroad The first railroad to serve Hagerstown was the Franklin Railroad (F.R.R.). The City of Hagerstown invested $20,000 in this venture. The F.R.R. connected Hagerstown to the Cumberland Valley Railroad (C.V.R.R.) which ran from Chambersburg to Harrisburg. Service began in 1841. Entering town from the northwest, the line ran down Walnut Street and ended at this location. The first F.R.R. depot was located on the west side of Walnut Street (behind you). The Franklin Railroad replaced locomotives with horse teams in 1844 and then was sold at sheriff's sale in 1849 for a mere $600. and soon transferred to C.V.R.R. Although C.V.R.R. was sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1859, it retained it [sic] local name. The lines ran down Walnut Street until the 1950s, when the City arranged for the construction of the elevated rail overpass behind you. This area served as a depot for Union army supplies during the Civil War.
2. HAGER_120203_033.JPG: Treatment of the Wounded The Rochester House stood on this site until its demolition in the mid-1950s. During the Civil War, it was the home of Mrs. Frances Howell Kennedy, widow of Dr. Howard Kennedy. From the beginning of the War, Mrs. Kennedy provided food and comfort to all wounded soldiers in local hospitals. She also opened her home to the care of many Federal soldiers, including Captain Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. of the 20th Massachusetts Infantry, who went on to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Holmes was wounded at the Battle of Antietam.
3. HAGER_120203_036.JPG: Hagerstonians In The Civil War Brevet Brigadier General George Bell, USA 1828 - 1907 George Bell was the son of William Duffield Bell, developer of South Prospect Street and editor of the Hagerstown Torchlight newspaper. He grew up in this neighborhood. An 1853 graduate of West Point, Bell served at several posts in Texas and the east coast, including Fort McHenry. His accomplishments include: 1861 - Courier for General-Chief Winfield Scott, carrying secret dispatches to Texas. He was then assigned to the field artillery, but soon was transferred to the Commissary Department. 1861 - As a lieutenant and commissary officer, he arranged to provide food for General McDowell's army during the First Manassas Campaign. 1861 - 1865 - Stationed at the Annapolis, Alexandria and Washington DC depots as the regional commissary officer. Arranged for the purchase, preparation and distribution of the food necessary to daily feed tens of thousands of soldiers and prisoners of war held in the region. Promoted several times. [Picture included] 1865 - Breveted (honorary) promotion to brigadier general for meritorious service. 1892 - Retired with rank of colonel. When he died his remains were returned to Hagerstown and interred in Rose Hill Cemetery. Fascinating Fact: As an example of how the Civil War was a war of "brother against brother", George's brother Henry C. Bell served as a private in the 1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion in the Confederate Army.
4. HAGER_120203_040.JPG: Mount Prospect Nathanial Rochester House This is the original site of "Mount Prospect," also known as "The Rochester House." Nathanial Rochester built the house in 1789 on ground which once belonged to Jonathan Hager, the founder of Hagerstown. The home was used as a "way station" during the Civil War for battlefield casualties from both the North and South. One of the wounded soldiers treated there was Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., who fought at the Battle of Antietam. He later became a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Rochester, formerly a colonel in the Continental Army, was the owner of a nail and lock factory, the first president of the Hagerstown Bank, a member of the state legislature, a postmaster, a sheriff, and a Judge of the Washington County Court. In 1810, he left Hagerstown leading a caravan of settlers to the Genesse Valley where he founded Rochester, New York.
5. HAGER_120203_065.JPG: Ransom of Hagerstown This courthouse was built in 1873, replacing the courthouse that stood at this site during the Civil War. In 1864, Confederate General John McCausland met with town officials and the directors of the Hagerstown Bank in the court clerk's office to finalize payment of a $20,000 ransom levied in retaliation for Union destruction in the Shenandoah Valley. The former courthouse, constructed in 1785, was used as a hospital in the weeks after the Battle of Antietam in 1862. Colonel Henry Kyd Douglas, youngest officer on the staff of Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, practiced law from his office on West Washington Street following the Civil War and later served as a judge of the Circuit Court.
6. HAGER_120203_069.JPG: John Brown The Washington House Hotel was a major stop on the National Pike and served as a hospital at times throughout the Civil War. Prior to organizing his raid on the Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, John Brown registered under the assumed name of "I. Smith" at the Washington House on June 30, 1859. With him were his sons Owen and Oliver, and Jeremiah G. Anderson, all of whom were principal leaders of the raid. Anderson and Oliver Brown died in the raid. The Washington House Hotel burned in 1879.
7. HAGER_120203_110.JPG: A City Divided The Hagerstown Mail offices were located on the second floor of this building during the Civil War. Due to the newspaper's pro-Southern columns, the Mail's editor and co-owner, Daniel Dechert, was arrested in 1862 and sent to Old Capitol Prison in Washington DC, and held until he took the "Oath of Allegiance". Following the defeat of Federal Maryland troops by Maryland Confederates in the Battle of Front Royal, Virginia, Dechert's newspaper was sacked and burned by a Unionist mob. John Wagoner's barber shop was located in this corner of Public Square during the Civil War. Wagoner, a free black, operated a popular establishment, catering mostly to white customers. In November 1861, the ship was looted by a mob of Union soldiers. Grocery stores and other businesses, owned by men whose sons joined the Confederacy, also were targets from time to time. The Ransom of Hagerstown: On July 6, 1864, General John McCausland's Confederate cavalry demanded a ransom of $20,000 under penalty of destruction by fire. It was within this building that General McCausland first met City Councilman Matthew Barber to make his ransom demands.
8. HAGER_120203_133.JPG: First Battle of Hagerstown Vicious Fighting in the Streets -- Gettysburg Campaign -- Combat raged here in the town square and in adjoining city blocks for six hours on Monday, July 6, 1863. Holding Hagerstown was crucial to Gen. Robert E. Lee's retreat to Virginia after the Battle of Gettysburg. If the Confederates lost this crossroads town, Lee's access to the Potomac River would be seriously hampered. The Federals recognized Hagertown's importance, and just before noon Gen. H. Judson Kilpatrick's cavalry division galloped north on Potomac Street. It charged into three Virginia brigades, and each side fed reinforcements into what became a wild melee of mounted charges and dismounted duels. The fighting lurched from street corner to street corner, and ultimately into dismounted assaults from house to house, yard to yard, doorway to doorway, churchyard to churchyard, and gravestone to gravestone. The arrival of Confederate infantry - Gen. Alfred Iverson's North Carolina brigade - finally compelled the Federals to abandon their effort to seize Hagerstown. Monday, July 6: "Afternoon. At this moment fighting is going on in our very own town and the balls are whizzing through the streets. ... Oh God, of Heaven, have mercy upon us and deliver us from this terrible war." - Louise Kealhofer diary "The cutting and slashing was beyond description; here right before and underneath us the deadly conflict was waged in a hand to hand combat, with the steel blades circling, waving, parrying, thrusting, and cutting, some reflecting the bright sunlight, others crimsoned with human gore; while the discharge of pistols and carbines was terrific, and the smoke through which we now gazed down through and on the scene below, the screams and yells of the wounded and dying, mingled with cheers and commands, the crashing together of the horses and fiery flashes of small arms presented a scene such as words cannot portray." -W.W. Jacobs, civilian eyewitness
9. HAGER_120203_138.JPG: Second Battle of Hagerstown Custer Captures the Town -- Gettysburg Campaign -- Six days had passed since the Federals had failed in their first attempt to seize Hagerstown as they pursued Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederate army retreating to Virginia after the Battle of Gettysburg. On Sunday morning, July 12, 1863, a decisive event occurred - the Union army determined to secure its northern flank. The mission to capture Hagerstown was assigned to Gen. George Armstrong Custer and his Michigan cavalry brigade. Custer's Wolverines rode into town from the east, scattering and capturing stunned Confederates, seizing almost 100 prisoners, and setting free nearly 40 Federal soldiers, missing after the fighting of July 6. Local citizens sympathetic to the Union cause has been sheltering these men. After the victorious Custer led his column through town, doffing his hat to handkerchief-waving ladies, XI Corps commander Gen. Oliver O. Howard climbed into a church steeple and for the first time viewed the extensive Confederate fortifications located west and south of town. Difficult days remained ahead. "[Hagerstown was] a hornet's nest of sharpshooters armed with telescopic rifles, who could pick a man's ear off half a mile away. The bullets from their guns had a peculiar sound, something like the buzz of a bumble bee, and the troopers' horses would stop, prick up their ears and gaze in the direction whence the hum of those invisible messengers could be heard." - Capt. James Kidd, Custer's Michigan Cavalry Brigade. Tuesday, July 14: "Sunday (July 12) was a day of intense anxiety. The Yankees came and took possession of the town. The Rebels had all gone. Yesterday all the streets were crowded with horse and no one could go near the door as the street was used as a stable. ... It is reported that the Rebels have crossed the river but we know nothing. Oh this dreadful suspense. ... I fear we've seen the very last of the Rebels." Louise Kealhofer diary
10. HAGER_120203_140.JPG: Gettysburg Campaign Invasion & Retreat After stunning victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia, early in May 1863, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee carried the war through Maryland, across the Mason and Dixon Line and into Pennsylvania. His infantry marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and western Maryland as his cavalry, led by Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, harassed Union supply lines to the east. Union Gen. Joseph Hooker, replaced on June 28 by Gen. George G. Meade, led the Army of the Potomac from the Washington defenses in pursuit. The Federals collided with Lee's Army of Northern Virginia at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on July 1, starting a battle neither side had intended to fight there. Three days later, the defeated Confederates began retreating through Maryland, retracing their steps to the Potomac River and crossing into Virginia on July 14. To follow in their footsteps and to discover their stories, stop by any Welcome Center or local Visitor Center to pick up a Gettysburg: Invasion & Retreat Civil War Trail map-guide. Please drive carefully as you enjoy the history and beauty of Maryland Civil War Trails.
11. HAGER_120203_144.JPG: Ransom of Hagerstown The existing City Hall was constructed in 1939, replacing the 1818 City Hall on this location. Town Treasurer and City Councilman Matthew Barber negotiated with Confederate General John McCausland regarding the ransom of Hagerstown in 1864. Retreat From Gettysburg: On July 6, 1863, Captain Ulrich Dahlgren was wounded in his right leg at this location while leading a detachment of dismounted troopers from the 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry, as they advanced up North Potomac Street. The leg was amputated at a field hospital in Boonsboro, and later he returned to duty only to be killed leading a raid on the Confederate capital of Richmond on March 1, 1864.
12. HAGER_120203_156.JPG: Military Occupation The Independent Junior Fire Company was formed in 1842. Their firehouse was constructed in 1852 and altered in 1881. During the Civil War, the Juniors' firehouse was used by the U.S. Army for various purposes and served as a field hospital to treat the wounded. The Juniors remained at this location until November 21, 1993 when the Company was moved to its new home on Eastern Boulevard.
13. HAGER_120203_188.JPG: First Hose Company: The First Hagerstown Hose Company dates to 1815. Its hand pumper was originally housed in a shed located on the north side of St. John's Lutheran Church, one block to your left. In 1881, the First Hose Company purchased this site and in July, broke ground for a new fire station. Constructed by contractor Jacob Dayhoff for $15,310, the new First Hose Company building was known as the "Hose Opera House." A social hall was located in the upper part of the building which was used for fairs, shows, meetings, conventions and other assembly type uses. Displayed in this building is "Pet," an 1823 John Rogers Company end-stroke hand-pumper manufactured in Baltimore. It is the oldest fire apparatus known to exist that served in Hagerstown.
14. HAGER_120203_212.JPG: Construction going on for Washington County Free Library
15. HAGER_120203_237.JPG: Baltimore & Ohio Railroad: Hagerstown was bypassed in the great race westward between the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The City was left without a rail connection to the south or west. The "Washington County Railroad" was chartered in 1864 for the purpose of connecting Hagerstown by rail to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Weverton, near Harpers Ferry. The line was completed in late 1867 and was soon absorbed by the Baltimore and Ohio. A two-story brick structure, constructed at an angle to the streets, stood here from around 1870, until it was replaced by a stone passenger terminal around 1890. The stone building was torn down after World War II and the site was used for a gas station, and later because the home of the Herald-Mail newspaper.
16. HAGER_120203_256.JPG: Antietam Fire Company: The Antietam Fire Company was organized as early as 1808 and was first known as the Lafayette Fire Company. In 1835 it was incorporated as the Antietam Fire Company and moved into its first known permanent home on the east side of Summit Avenue behind the Circuit Courthouse. Antietam Fire Company constructed this firehouse in 1895. Known as "Antietam Hall" it is said to have been the architectural inspiration for the War Correspondents Memorial Arch now located at Gathland State Park. An upper level assembly area was incorporated into the design to generate funds for the company. All but the front facade was destroyed in a fire in 1914. The building was rebuilt reusing the existing facade, only to suffer a second major fire in 1920.
17. HAGER_120203_290.JPG: Shenandoah Valley Railroad The Shenandoah Valley Railroad was chartered in 1870 to connect the Pennsylvania (Cumberland Valley) Railroad at Hagerstown, with Virginia and Tennessee Railroad in Salem, Virginia. The line was connected to this point in 1880. A large Victorian station was constructed in the 1880s at this location to serve as a dual station for the Shenandoah Valley Railroad and for the Cumberland Valley Railroad, which ran from Chambersburg to this location. Forced into receivership in 1885, the Shenandoah Valley Railroad was absorbed by the Norfolk and Western Railroad in 1890. The Norfolk and Western Railroad merged 1n 1982 with the Southern Railway to form the Norfolk Southern Corporation.
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Wikipedia Description: Hagerstown, Maryland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hagerstown is the county seat of Washington County, Maryland, United States. The population of the city proper as of a 2006 estimate by the United States Census Bureau is 39,008 , and the total 2000 urban population is 120,326 (~80,000 in MD). It is Western Maryland's largest city. Hagerstown is also Maryland's sixth largest city, but if the urban area was incorporated, it would be Maryland's second-most populous city.

Hagerstown is on the northwestern edge of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The city also has its own metropolitan area: Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA. The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2000 was 222,771 and the 2006 estimate is 257,619 (U.S. Rank 169). Hagerstown is the fastest growing metropolitan area in the State of Maryland and among the fastest growing in the United States.

Hagerstown, due to the large number of roads and other transit that cross in the city, is known as the "Hub City." The nickname may also be applied to Hagerstown's status as the commercial and industrial hub for the Tri-State Area which includes much of Western Maryland, South Central Pennsylvania, and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia.

History:

Founding:

Hagerstown was founded in 1762 by Jonathan Hager, a volunteer Captain of Scouts during the French and Indian War. Hager has been called the "Father of Washington County" due to his having laid the groundwork for its separation from Frederick County, Maryland in 1776 and the subsequent creation of Hagerstown as the county seat.

Civil War:

Hagerstown's strategic location at the border between the North and the South made the city a primary staging area and supply center for four major campaigns during the Civil War.

In 1861, General Robert Patterson’s troops used Hagerstown as a base to attack Virginia Rebels in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign.

In the Maryland Campaign of 1862, General James Longstree ...More...
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2012 photos: Equipment this year: My mainstays were the Fuji S100fs, Nikon D7000, and the new Fuji X-S1. I also used an underwater Fuji XP50 and a Nikon D600. The first three cameras all broke this year and had to be repaired. Trips this year: three Civil War Trust conferences (Shepherdstown, WV, Richmond, VA, and Williamsburg, VA), a week-long family reunion cruise of the Caribbean, another week-long family reunion in the Wisconsin Dells (with lots of in-transit time in Ohio and Indiana), and my 7th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including side trips to Zion, Bryce, the Grand Canyon, etc). Ego strokes: I had a picture of Miss DC, Ashley Boalch, published in the Washington Post. I had a photograph of the George Segal San Francisco Holocaust memorial used as the cover of Quebec Francais (issue 165). Not being able to read French, I'm not entirely sure what the article is about but, hey! And I guess what could be considered to be a positive thing, my site is now established enough that spammers have noticed it and I had to block 17,000 file description postings for Viagra and whatever else.. Number of photos taken this year: just below 410,000.
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