DC -- Fort Lesley J. McNair:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- FTMCN_111112_29.JPG: General Ulysses S. Grant, USA
General Ulysses S. Grant was born on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio. The future Commanding General of all US Armies during the Civil War, Grant graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1843, then was commissioned a Brevet 2nd Lieutenant and fought with distinction in the Mexican War. Resigning from the Army in 1854, after eleven years of service, Grant returned to service at the outbreak of the Civil War.
The capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, Grant's first major victories during the Civil War, earned him a promotion to Major General of Volunteers. His subsequent victories at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga reflected his capacities that caused President Lincoln to champion this aggressive officer.
After assuming command of all the Union Armies in March 1864, he initiated his Overland Campaign against the Confederates and pursued a successful policy of keeping the Southern Armies on the defensive. Grant captured both Richmond and Petersburg and pursued Lee's Army to Appomattox, culminating in the end of the Civil War. Grant summarized his theory of war: "The art of war is simple enough. Find out where your enemy is. Get at him as soon as you can. Strike him as hard as you can, as often as you can, and keep moving on."
Grant commanded the Army after the war until he was inaugurated as President of the United States on March 4, 1869. In two terms, he promoted fiscal conservatism, negotiated a settlement of difficulties with England, and enforced Reconstruction legislation. After a celebrated tour around the world, Grant wrote his Personal Memoirs shortly before dying of throat cancer on July 23, 1885. The two-volume classic is considered one of the greatest autobiographies in the English language.
- FTMCN_111112_33.JPG: Grant Hall
Building 20
Building 20, Grant Hall:
In 1829, the Federal Penitentiary was built on this site. Designed by Charles Bullfinch, the Architect of the Capitol, the Penitentiary was influenced by the prison reform movement of the 1820's. In 1831, an eastern extension to the building added a women's ward and quarters for the deputy warden. The Deputy Warden's Quarters, is all that remains of the original structures. The center of national attention in 1865, this part of the building became the site for the trial and sentencing of those implicated in the assassination of President Lincoln. Four conspirators were sentenced to death, including the first woman executed by federal order, Mary Surratt. The gallows were constructed in the Penitentiary Courtyard and the executions took place on July 7, 1865.
- Wikipedia Description: Fort Lesley J. McNair
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fort Lesley J. McNair, DC is an army post that is located on the point of land where the Potomac River and Anacostia River join in Washington, D.C. To its west is the Washington Channel, while the Anacostia River is on its south side. It has been an Army post for more than 200 years, third only to West Point and Carlisle Barracks in length of service.
History:
The military reservation was established in 1791 on about 28 acres of what then was called Greenleaf Point. Maj. Pierre C. L'Enfant included it in his plans for Washington, the Federal City, as a major site for the defense of the capital.
An arsenal first occupied the site and defenses were built in 1794. The fortifications did not halt the invading British in 1814. Soldiers at the arsenal evacuated north with as much gun powder as they could carry, hiding the rest in a well as the Redcoats came up the Potomac from burning the capitol. About 47 British soldiers found the powder magazines they'd come to destroy empty. Someone threw a match into the well and "a tremendous explosion ensued," a doctor at the scene reported, "whereby the officers and about 30 of the men were killed and the rest most shockingly mangled." The remaining soldiers destroyed the arsenal buildings, but the facilities were rebuilt after the war.
Land was purchased north of the arsenal in 1826 for the first federal penitentiary. The conspirators accused of assassinating President Abraham Lincoln were imprisoned and, after being found guilty, four of the conspiritors were hanged and the rest received prison sentences. Among those hanged was Mary Surratt, the first woman ever executed under federal orders. A hospital was built next to the penitentiary in 1857, and Civil War wounded were treated at what then was called the Washington Arsenal. The arsenal was closed in 1881, and the post transferred to the Quartermaster Corps.
A general hospital, predecessor to the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, was located at the post from 1898 until 1909. Maj. Walter Reed found the area's marshlands an excellent site for his research on malaria. Reed's work contributed to the discovery of the cause of yellow fever. The major died of peritonitis after an appendectomy at the post in 1902. The post dispensary and the visiting officers' quarters now occupy the buildings where Reed worked and died.
About 90 percent of the present buildings on the post's 100 acres were built, reconstructed or remodeled by 1908. In 1901, with the birth of the Army War College, the post, now called Washington Barracks, became the Army's center for the education and training of senior officers to lead and direct large numbers of troops. Its first classes were conducted in 1904. The Army Industrial College was founded at McNair in 1924 to prepare officers for high level posts in Army supply organizations, and to study industrial mobilization. It evolved into the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. The Army War College was reorganized as the Army-Navy Staff College in 1943, and became the National War College in 1946. The two colleges became the National Defense University in 1976.
The post was renamed in 1948 to honor LTG. Lesley J. McNair, commander of Army ground forces during World War II, who was headquartered at the post and killed in Normandy, France, July 25, 1944. Fort McNair has been the headquarters of the U.S. Army Military District of Washington since 1966.
Current status:
Fort McNair is the headquarters of the Army Military District of Washington, and home of the National Defense University as well as the official residence of the US Army's vice chief of staff. Company 'A' of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard), also known as The Commander in Chief's Guard, is also stationed at Fort McNair.
The above was from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_McNair
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