BGuthrie Photos: CA -- Tule Elk SNR

CA -- Tule Elk SNR:

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[1] TULELK_110730_03.JPG	[2] TULELK_110730_07.JPG	[3] TULELK_110730_09.JPG
[4] TULELK_110730_12.JPG	[5] TULELK_110730_14.JPG	[6] TULELK_110730_18.JPG
[7] TULELK_110730_20.JPG	[8] TULELK_110730_23.JPG	[9] TULELK_110730_38.JPG
[10] TULELK_110730_41.JPG	[11] TULELK_110730_46.JPG	[12] TULELK_110730_50.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. TULELK_110730_07.JPG: Back From the Brink of Extinction: Half a million tule elk once roamed the marshes and grasslands of California. The Gold Rush began an era of commercial hunting and agricultural practices that decimated the elk and their habitat. In 1874, a single pair of elk was observed in the tule lake marshes on the Kern County ranch of Miller and Lux. Cattleman Henry Miller led an effort to protect them. Over time their numbers increased. Legislation established a sanctuary for them here in 1932. It proved too small to support the growing herd size. A relocation program moved elk to other suitable sites. This Reserve continues to help establish other free roaming herds throughout California.
2. TULELK_110730_09.JPG: Antlers: An Annual Appendage: Every year, bull elk lose their antlers in late winter. A new set of velvet colored antlers immediately begins to grow. By summer, the antlers have hardened and the velvet sloughs off. During the mating season (rut) that follows, the elk use their antlers to spar and fight with other males. Old antlers later drop off and the growth cycle begins again. From Yearling to Aging Bull: A yearling bull produces antler spikes. Six point antlers grow when bulls mature at 4 years old. Antlers grow thicker and heavier as bulls reach their breeding prime. Once past, their antlers are lighter and less effective in dominance displays.
3. TULELK_110730_12.JPG: Rutting Time: Bulls display their dominance by bugling and thrashing the ground with their antlers. Only the dominate bull mates fertile cows. Keeping a harem of cows requires fending off the constant challenges of other bulls. In the fall, the courtship ritual slowly comes to a close and the cows and bulls begin to reform their segregated herds until the next mating season. Calving Season: Pregnant cows leave the herd in the spring to give birth alone. When the calf is born, the mother licks it to minimize its scent. Newborn's spotted coat and instinctive ability to "freeze" when danger approaches, helps to protect it from predators. The First Year: Cow and calf join the herd when the baby is a few weeks old. Soon after, the calf begins feeding on grasses, while continuing to nurse. Elk calves grow rapidly from 20 to almost 400 pound [sic] in their first year. The Bachelors: After the rut, bulls form small bachelor groups or remain alone.
4. TULELK_110730_14.JPG: Varieties of Deer: Elk are members of the deer family. All have split hoofs and grow antlers. The moose is its largest living member; elk are the second largest; and the South American pudu is the smallest. Of the North American elk, tule elk are the smallest, and most specialized and restricted in range. Tule Elk Fun Facts: * Tule elk are the only elk native just to California * Once nearly extinct, today about 4,000 tule elk live in 22 different herds statewide * Adults can run 30 miles per hour for short distances, 22 mph for long stretches * Their light colored coat helps keep them cool * Tule elk's larger teeth are designed for eating grasses * They chew their cud like cows * A set of elk antlers can weigh up to 40 pounds * Few bulls successfully breed; most remain bachelors and never mate * Mature elk can kill a coyote with their hooves * A mature female may have 6 to 10 calves in her lifetime * Calves are born after 8-1/2 months gestation * Usually a single calf is born, twins are rare * Twelve years is the average lifespan for wild elk, 25 years is the longest they live in captivity
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