BGuthrie Photos: CA -- Richmond -- Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front -- Miscellaneous

CA -- Richmond -- Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front -- Miscellaneous:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. ROSIET_110729_002.JPG: TRANSFORMING THE WATERFRONT This shoreline's sweeping arc put ideas in their heads. In 1895, Augustin Macdonald gazed at open land and imagined a railroad. By 1901, Pacific Coast Oil began filling the marsh to build what became the Standard Oil refinery. Developer Fred Parr dug out the Santa Fe Channel in the 1920s and used the dredged earth to add 210 acres to the harbor's profile. As war in Europe escalated, Parr convinced Henry Kaiser to build shipyards here. The enterprise further shaped the Inner Harbor into a tidy rectangle of pre-fabrication yards and shipways for the frenzied activity of building wartime vessels. In 1948, Lucretia Edwards arrived in Richmond and fell in love with its 32 miles of shoreline. She couldn't believe just 67 feet of it were open for the public. "I joined the League of Women Voters and found buddies who agreed with me. Then we just went to meeting after meeting talking about how badly the City needed waterfront parks." For the next 50 years, Edwards and other activists launched petitions, raised money and convinced officials to open miles of wave-lapped shore. Each generation's vision shaped the view we have today. "Look, people should know that they are at the bay. You shouldn't fill it all in." -- John Vincent In 1987, legislation established the "ring around the bay" now known as The Bay Trail. "Part of the idea was to get us refocused... to understand the extraordinary resources and great beauty that exist here," said Senator Bill Lockyer. The Bay Trail is a 500-mile recreation and transportation corridor encircling San Francisco and San Pablo Bays. Ultimately extending about 40 miles in Richmond, it provides inland neighborhoods access to the shoreline. Coordinated by the Association of Bay Area Governments, this vision of a trail for hikers, bicyclists, joggers, wildlife watchers -- anyone who loves the outdoors -- is coming together piece by piece.
2. ROSIET_110729_029.JPG: Before others settled here, Richmond was home to several distinct groups of indigenous people. Over the years, as Richmond was gradually settled, it became a modest city wit several developing industries: oil refineries, car assembly plants, canning companies, train and ferry services, and shipbuilding. It grew slowly into the twentieth century and remained relatively small through World War I and the Great Depression. That was all to change as the United States entered World War II in December 1941 and industrialist Henry J Kaiser signed the first contract with the government to deliver ships for the war effort. The Richmond Kaiser shipyards became one of the most productive defense plants in the country as Kaiser applied the techniques of mass production and prefabrication to the craft of shipbuilding. As the population of Richmond swelled from 23,000 to over 100,000 people poured into Richmond from all parts of the country to work in the shipyards. In all, 747 ships were built in these yards between the years 1941 and 1946: British cargo vessels, Troop Transports, Frigates, LSTs, Liberty and Victory Ships. World War II and the industries that sprang up along this stretch of Bay, forever transformed the City of Richmond.
3. ROSIET_110729_034.JPG: We used to live in Mississippi. My husband came home one night and said that there was work in the shipyards in Richmond, California. "They're opening up the Kaiser Shipyards and I want to go." So I said sure and he just came on out. There are five children and I am pregnant with my sixth. Most of the other people on the train were from the south, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana. They all wanted to migrate when they heard the stories about the shipyards and the money people were making. Both white and colored. My father sent me $1,000 to buy a car and come out to Richmond. He said we would resell it. So I bought a car with the dough and moved my wife and son out here to Richmond. We sold that car for $1,500! We didn't bring much, just enough to get us by. A few clothes we had. We went to Kaiser shipbuilding in Richmond and I joined the Painters Union. A lot of the unions are segregated but not the Painters. Not local 560, no sir. I gave them fifty dollars to join and I was working within less than a week in Yard Three. I get paid $1.20 an hour, $9.60 a day. Good wage. We moved into Ferry Point, the western terminus of the Santa Fe. Total for the whole family we had one dollar. All four of us came out. We had one dollar, all the way from Oklahoma to Fresno, California.
4. ROSIET_110729_037.JPG: There are so many people that they have to park all up and down MacDonald Avenue in trailers. That's all they can do. They have no place to stay because so many people are coming in. There are so many new people that they're like aliens to us. They don't all have a place to stay. They are living in rented rooms and shacks out in the back of a house, or whatever they can find. A lot of them have to exist by living in cars and washing up in the service station restrooms and that kind of thing, until they find a place. My mother is a widow and takes in shipyard workers. She moved out of her bedroom and three shipyard workers moved in. Mom's moved onto a couch in that living room. That's the way our support money comes in now there's a ... [???] My house is just on this side of the yellow building, the pump house. It is a very simple structure. It is a boxcar. In Richmond, they build all of these places for all of the people that have come this way to live. War came [???]. We're living at The Terrace. It's not too far from the shipyard. Up in the Point Richmond area, it's quite a deal. We have heat and rent paid and the light and gas is paid for $35 per month.
5. ROSIET_110729_039.JPG: My father was already working at the shipyards so he got me a job in his line of work, as a structural iron worker. I went to work maintaining rigs at $1.20 hour. That was a lot more than the 88 cents an hour I was making as a butcher in Iowa. I have twenty-eight tugs that I have to service. The rigs are these big "Washington" [???] that go down in between the shipways to service the boats. I don't know how many ships we've done so far. Whatever the number is, I have worked on every one of them. They even run a contest in Yard Two to see how quick they could build a ship. They set a record for the Robert E Peary. My son is in the merchant marines and he is shipping out on those Liberty ships they build here in the shipyard. I went right to work as a driller. I work hard. We do the drilling and the bolting of the bulkheads on the sides of the ships. My wife and children joined me out here after my first year here. My wife works as a welder. We're working together and drawing our pay together. They are screaming for welders out here. There are now a lot of girls doing it. They made the most beautiful welders when they finally get over being scared of being burnt or anything. I would compute their work to a lace curtain. But you know, anytime you throw men and women together it breeds trouble. There are many marriages made and broken in the shipyards. It's such a huge place with all these people from all these walks of life. All coming and going and working and the noise. The whole atmosphere is overwhelming to me. We build the superstructure. It's the bottom of the ship where they have the little cabins and rooms. They have overhead cranes that go by moving rig sheets of steel. If you see one of them going over where you work. You move out of the way, so in case they drop it, you won't get squashed.
6. ROSIET_110729_047.JPG: We see lines all the time. You don't even ask what for, you just get in them. Maybe it's for butter, or cigarettes or maybe white shirts. Everything is a line -- if you want to go to the movies, get in a line. Since the first shipyard hit, it has just turned the town upside down. All of a sudden there are too many people in town, and it's a twenty-four hour-a-day business area. People just seem to come from everywhere in a sense, little Richmond has been invaded, over run, and overwhelmed by a mass of people from elsewhere -- it won't be the same again. We have to be to work at eight o'clock. Gas rationing is on, so we have to carpool or ride a bus part of the time in order to save our gasoline to use for other things. We're pretty close to bus transportation, so that isn't a bad thing for us. Meat is rationed. Well, you use food stamps. It's like a big carnival here -- I've never seen anything quite like it. There are so many people and so much activity. They really make you feel good about being a shipworker, though. Kaiser even has a nursery for our kids. During the [???] hour at work, they have a [???] show. Bob Hope was here not too long ago.
7. ROSIET_110729_048.JPG: There are a lot of Mexican and Italian kids here in North Richmond. I go to an all-white church. First Christian Church right down on Bissell Avenue. There are only three of us black kids and they treat us well. An all-white church. There ain't any problems. That's the way it is -- everybody mingles with everybody else. A lot of people call us Oakies. There are those who are professionals, those who are recognized in their fields and those who have fallen upon bad times. My wife is German and we got her a job when Kaiser as an IBM operator. Boy, they investigate her all the time. Security is strict around here. You know -- "Loose lips, sink ships" -- and all that. I don't blame them. There's a real feeling of patriotism at the shipyards. I tell you, I just think it's commendable. There are so many people that are working together, riding together, going together. The work force is pretty integrated. The population went way up when the war started and the whole ethnic composition is changing. Other blacks are starting to move into the neighborhood because of the shipbuilding and most are rural people like from Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana. They're kind of "country," if you know what I mean. I have the Oakland Tribune afternoon route, mornings on Sunday. At the far end of the route there's a community of Japanese people. Got to admire those people for the way they live. They end a frugal life and they work hard for their money. I think the internment is wrong because I know some of the people. Some of them are schoolmates. But the President is probably doing what he thinks is right at this time. The situation is not normal. We went from a Depression to a war.
8. ROSIET_110729_051.JPG: It's kind of rough now that the shipyards are going down, and it's kind of hard to find a job. But since then, the prices and the pay scales are far, far higher than before. Of course, unemployment is getting worse and all. But people still have more than they had to live on during the war. Things started slowing down around here after the government pulled all of the money out. People are moving away now that the war's over and the city's slowing down into a regular California town. There isn't the excitement as during the war. The main reason that we came to California was to try to better ourselves and our life and be able to make more money where we could take better care of our family. Since we got out here, we have work and we're beginning to get ahead and we're able to have the things we need. That's why we're willing to work hard, because we are seeing it pay off. My husband Willie and I had fifteen kids. A lot of people ask me if I'm Catholic! They're all grown up now -- every one of them went to college and are doing okay, got good jobs and all.
9. ROSIET_110729_092.JPG: No Home on the Home Front "When my family returned to the nursery, all the glass panes in the greenhouses were broken. I didn't see it because I was overseas with the 442nd in Italy." -- Jun Honda "I still don't understand how they could have allotted my brothers to stay here and work in the shipyards, and send my father and mother away from their home. 'They lost the house, the property... and that's all they had.' " -- Margherita Siri Rargy Bombs exploding over Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 destroyed American ships, shattered lives and divided American people. In Richmond, war stirred thousands to roll up their sleeves and build new ships. They shared a single goal: to win against the enemy. War kindled fear and long-held prejudices, and America's own citizens became suspect. Immigrants from Japan and Italy who'd lived in Richmond for decades were labeled "enemy aliens." Japanese Americans were forced to shutter their businesses and piled onto trains, each passenger clutching the two suitcases they were allowed to carry. They were incarcerated, behind barbed wire, in Topaz Relocation Center, Utah. Italian-American families were split in two: non-citizens were forced away from the waterfront, while others could stay in Richmond. Yet citizens of both communities enlisted to defend US ideals. Despite the wounds of war, many who were sent away returned to Richmond. They rebuilt. The greenhouses filled with roses and carnations. In 1961, some of the original flower-growing families helped launch a Sister City relationship with Shimada, Japan. As allies, they continue "aiding in the development of mutual understanding between citizens of free countries."
10. ROSIET_110729_114.JPG: Recognizing the Past "We need to ask ourselves: What will our grandchildren experience when they come here? What will they think about the decisions we have made?" -- Janet McBride Three thousand years ago, Ohlone Indians heard only the music of birds on Brooks Island. In 1775, the creak of ships under billowing sail brought Spanish soldiers to this harbor. Until 1938, the ring of pickaxes echoed as men quarried the ancient rock for roads and sturdy buildings. Farther up the channel Chinese fishermen dried shrimp in midday sun. Boats unloaded at the sugar wharf, where boys like Tony Avalos came to swim and Hubert Webster caught perch, "great big ones." From 1942 to 1945, the Ford Assembly Plant prepared tanks for the battlefront while Kaiser Shipyard Three, across the channel, added to the mechanical din. When the buildings turned to civilian life, cars rolled from the Ford plant; Shipyard Three became the first campus for Contra Costa College and later the Port of Richmond. Plans to level everything in sight, including Brooks Island, followed in the next decades. Congress recognized Richmond's national significance in 2000, passing this law: "In order to preserve for the benefit and inspiration of the people of the United States as a national historical park certain sites, structures and areas located in Richmond, California... there is established the Rosie the Riveter /World War II Home Front National Historical Park." Today Richmond has a national park, the channel murmurs of the past and Brooks Island listens again to a chorus of seabirds.
11. ROSIET_110729_167.JPG: The Home Front Legacy "The war shed light on America's promise. It created an explosion that accelerated change all the way into the 1960s." -- Betty Reid Soskin With World War II officially ended, Richmond filled with celebration in September 1945. Years would pass before residents fully understood how much the war had changed their lives. A wave of new civilians bought homes and enrolled in college thanks to the "GI Bill." Although "old-timers" expected them to go home, most wartime migrants remained in the Bay Area. Having fought for democracy, veterans of home front and battlefield would not accept second class status; the path to integrated schools, fair housing and workplace equity was worn by their marching feet. Women had succeeded at men's work, and they wanted more. George Johnson remembered: "They didn't understand why men made so much fuss over their job when it was so easy to weld." Though many lost jobs when the men came home, their daughters enrolled their children in daycare (almost nonexistent before the war) then entered the trades, corporate offices and boardrooms. Wartime demands had inspired new approaches to social needs. Affordable housing and childcare centers sprang up around Richmond's shipyards. Kaiser offered pre-paid healthcare to a newly integrated workforce. Those innovations were models for social progress, a glimpse of what could be achieved in time of crisis, and a motivation to accomplish more in time of peace.
12. ROSIET_110729_193.JPG: Standing on these boot prints of a shipyard worker. You are facing Mare Island Naval Shipyard, located fourteen miles away in Vallejo.
13. ROSIET_110729_209.JPG: Victory: The overcoming of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in any contest; gaining of the superiority in achievement of success or mastery in a struggle against odds or difficulties.
14. ROSIET_110729_212.JPG: Liberty: Freedom from control, interference or restriction; right or power to act, believe or express oneself in a manner of one's own choosing freedom from captivity, confinement or physical constraint; liberty; freedom from control, interference or restriction.
15. ROSIET_110729_219.JPG: Standing on these boot prints of a shipyard worker, you are facing Marinship, located nine miles across the bay in Sausalito.
16. ROSIET_110729_227.JPG: "A Deluge of Humanity" After a few months in the shipyards, 18-year-old Eduardo Carrasco returned to El Paso, Texas, to visit pals at the dry goods store where he'd earned $14 a week. "I says, ‘I'm making $85 dollars a week.' They says, ‘What?' You guess what happened . . . Everybody quit, and they all came to Richmond to work. They emptied El Paso, man." War work swelled the city's population from 23,000 to 100,000 in three years. American Radiator and Standard converted from making "bathtubs to bombs." Fifty-five other businesses produced everything from aviation fuel to vitamins for defense. Jobs outnumbered beds despite 25,000 units of federally-sponsored defense housing, so newcomers slept in chicken coops, cars and took shifts in rented "hot beds" still warm from the previous occupant. Richmond contributed so much to the war effort it was dubbed "Purple Heart City." Somehow, it managed to embrace all the "gaping strangers" who came to California for something better. As Willie Mae Cotright put it: "Everybody that I met was coming here and seeking, just like I was."
17. ROSIET_110729_246.JPG: You are facing Moore Dry Dock, located nine miles to the south in Oakland
18. ROSIET_110729_253.JPG: Standing on these boot prints of a shipyard worker, you are facing Hunters Point Naval Dry Dock, located thirteen miles across the bay in San Francisco.
19. ROSIET_110729_320.JPG: "I was truly there and did my part to the end." You are standing Shipyard No. 3, which represents one of the many industrial complexes which operated to support America in World War II. Over 90,000 skilled and unskilled workers from across the country relocated to Richmond, California to find gainful work in the shipyards. To ensure safe and efficient twenty-four-hours-a-day production in the yards, many workers received round-the-clock food service, child care, and health services. Today, Shipyard No. 3 stands as a testament to the nationwide home front effort, which included for the first time on a large scale the work of women and people of color. It's also a tribute to the crucial contributions of Richmond, California.
20. ROSIET_110729_326.JPG: "It was a real workhorse." Whirley cranes were an essential part of Richmond Shipyard's manufacturing capabilities during World War II. Named for the turret's ability to rotate (whirl) 360 degrees, the cranes could handle massive amounts of steel -- lifting and moving large prefabricated components into place during the assembly of ships. Two to four whirley cranes could work in unison to hoist even larger loads. Moving on rails placed thirty-two feet apart that ran parallel to shipways and basins, whirley cranes helped speed the production of ships. Today, this 114-ton crane serves as a reminder of the industrial might required for home front war production.
Wikipedia Description: Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park is located in Richmond, California, near San Francisco. The park encompasses an array of historic properties in the city which were constructed during the 1940s to support America's entry into World War II.

The park is a "partnership park", meaning that no land or buildings are actually owned by the National Park Service, which only administers the park. This relatively new National Park was established in 2000 and is still under development. Bus tours of the park began in 2007 and were run by the city as the park has formed a unique partnership and is jointly administered by the National Parks Service and the city government.

Park attractions:

During this initial developmental phase, the park has limited visitor services. A self guided auto tour with optional walking tour is available for downloading. In the summer of 2007 prelimentary bus tours were begun with a new guideless model, which instead filled half of the bus with residents who spoke of their experiences from the time to put what are otherwise everyday streets for residents into a greater historical perspective.

The Rosie the Riveter Memorial in Marina Bay Park is open year round, dawn to dusk, as are the other Richmond city parks within the National Park's boundaries.
The Rosie Memorial in October 2007.

Rosie Memorial:

The park's creation was spurred by the construction of a Rosie the Riveter memorial in a city shoreline park (three years prior to the creation of the National Park), to honor the "Rosies", women who made up much of the workforce at the shipyards. The four Richmond shipyards with their combined 27 shipways, produced 747 ships, more than any other shipyard complex in the country. Richmond was home to 56 different war industries, more than any other city of its size in the United States. The city grew nearly overnight from 24,000 people to 100,000 people, overwhelming the available housing stock, roads, schools, businesses and community services.

The effort behind the memorial was initiated by then-Councilwoman Donna Powers. It grew under Project Director Donna Graves to become the first national tribute to home front American women.

The memorial is located at Marina Bay Park, the site of former Kaiser Richmond Shipyard #2. It is the length of a Liberty ship with a form of the ship being built. The simple metal pier represents the stern at the water's edge, a simple cylinder frame is the smoke stack, and the bow is made of prefabricated parts similar to those assembled by the shipyard workers. A timeline of World War II is placed along the walkway running the length of the memorial. Interpretive panels within the structures present information on women's history, labor history, and the Home Front.

Ford Richmond Plant:

The Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant was the largest assembly plant to be built on the West Coast. One of only three tank depots in the entire country, approximately 49,000 jeeps were assembled and 91,000 other military vehicles were processed here. Ford employed thousands of workers at the site during World War II, many of them women who were entering the work force for the first time. "Rosie the Riveter" was a period song representing these women.

In mobilizing the wartime production effort to its full potential, Federal military authorities and private industry began to work closely together on a scale never seen before in American history. This laid the groundwork for what became known as the "military-industrial complex" during the Cold War years.

Noted architect Albert Kahn is credited with the design of the Ford plant in Richmond. After World War II, Ford moved its Northern California factory to Milpitas, where it became known as the San Jose Assembly Plant.

Richmond Shipyards:

The four Richmond Shipyards were part of the Kaiser Shipyards. The construction of 747 ships during the war here is a feat not equaled anywhere else in the world, before or since. The park's Rosie memorial is located on the former grounds of Shipyard #2. Shipyard #3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Both Liberty and Victory ships were constructed here. These ships were completed in two-thirds the amount of time and at a quarter of the cost of the average of all other shipyards. The SS Robert E. Peary was assembled in less than five days as a part of a special competition among shipyards; but by 1944 it was only taking the astonishingly brief time of a little over two weeks to assemble a Liberty ship by standard methods.

SS Red Oak Victory:

The SS Red Oak Victory is a Victory ship preserved as a museum ship. It was one of 414 Victories built during World War II (constructed at the Richmond Shipyards), but one of only a few of these ships to be transferred from the Merchant Marine to the U.S. Navy. The vessel issued cargo and munitions to various ships in the fleet throughout 1945. During a hazardous tour of duty in the Pacific, SS Red Oak Victory handled many tons of ammunition, supplying the fleet without a single casualty.

Atchison Village Housing Project:

The huge explosion of workers coming to live in cities like Richmond, caused intense strain on city infrastructure. One of these strains was the severe lack of housing. Workers arriving in these rapidly expanding urban centers were forced to find what they could. They slept in all night movie houses, shared "hot beds" (i.e. when one person got in bed, it was still hot from the last person getting out), or just camped out.

Atchison Village Housing Project is an example of the local-Federal collaboration that provided much needed housing and domestic support for defense workers and their families. The modest, wood-frame buildings clearly reflect the constraints (time, money and materials) placed on publicly-funded housing construction during the period. Just prior to and during the war, the Lanham Act of 1940 provided $150 million to the Works Progress Administration, which built approximately 625,000 units of housing in conjunction with local authorities nationwide. These were highly sought after and company managers were the most likely to be able to procure housing in Atchison Village.

Due to racial discrimination, minorities fared very poorly in gaining housing. They often lived in shacks, in the crates that brought the raw materials to the city, in trailers, or in automobiles. They and other lower income earning workers were lucky when they were able to move to barrack-like dormitories constructed for the mass of World War II workers.

The Richmond Housing Authority was selected to be the first authority in the country to manage a defense project. Atchison Village represents one of 20 public housing projects built in Richmond before and during World War II. Constructed in 1941 as Richmond's first public defense housing project, it is the only project funded by the Lanham Act that still exists in Richmond, and one of the few in the nation not destroyed after the war.

Today, Atchison Village is a collection of privately owned houses managed by a cooperative of the homeowners. While most of the dormitories and other low income housing of World War II are gone, Atchison Village, built as permanent housing, remains.

Kaiser Richmond Field Hospital:

More American workers died in Home Front accidents then US soldiers killed on World War II battlefields. This was true up to the Battle of Normandy in June 1944. Henry J. Kaiser, owner of the Richmond Shipyards, realized that only a healthy work force could meet the deadlines and construction needs of wartime America. He institutionalized a revolutionary idea, pre-paid medical care for workers, which soon expanded beyond workers. For many workers, this was the first time they had seen a doctor.

The Kaiser Richmond Field Hospital for the Richmond Shipyards was financed by the U.S. Maritime Commission, and opened on August 10, 1942.

By August 1944, 92.2 percent of all Richmond shipyard employees had joined the plan, the first voluntary group plan in the country to feature group medical practice, prepayment and substantial medical facilities on such a large scale.By 1990, Kaiser Permanente was still the country's largest nonprofit HMO.

In part due to wartime materials rationing, the Field Hospital is a single-story wood frame structure designed in a simple modernist mode. The Field Hospital operated as a Kaiser Permanente hospital until closing in 1995.

Maritime and Ruth Powers Child Development Centers:

The Maritime and Ruth Powers Child Development Centers were two of approximately 35 nursery school units of varying sizes established in the Richmond area during World War II in order to provide child care for women working in the Kaiser shipyards. The Maritime center was funded and constructed by the Maritime Commission as part of a larger development that also included housing, an elementary school and a fire station. The temporary housing was demolished after the war but a larger permanent housing complex remains as do the other buildings.

The Maritime Child Development Center, a wood frame, modernist style building operated by the Richmond School District, incorporated progressive educational programming, and was staffed with nutritionists, psychiatrists and certified teachers. It had a capacity of 180 children per day. At its peak, with 24,500 women on the Kaiser payroll, Richmond's citywide child care program maintained a total daily attendance of 1,400 children. Unlike the Federally-funded WPA day care facilities implemented during the New Deal, the World War II centers were not intended for use by the destitute, but for working mothers.

The Kaiser-sponsored Child Care Centers, particularly those at Kaiser's industrial sites in Vanport, Oregon, and Vancouver, Washington, gained a reputation for innovative and high quality child care. The center is still in operation today.

Lucretia Edwards Shoreline Park:

Lucretia Edwards Shoreline Park, named in honor of local community activist Lucretia W. Edwards, honors the wartime contributions made by the Bay Area Shipyards during World War II.

Bay Area shipyards:

In addition to the local Richmond Shipyards, shipworker's bootprints with plaques set in the sidewalks and long low seating walls point visitors to the other Bay Area shipyards.

The following inscriptions are engraved into the concrete walls:

Bethlehem San Francisco - The only privately owned shipyard in the nation to operate a submarine repair base, this 16th Street yard overhauled 31 subs in two years.
Moore Dry Dock handled the difficult jobs of production, repair and conversion that slowed overall output in other yards.
Hunter Point Naval Dry Dock - Hunter Point repaired 600 fighting and support ships.
Mare Island Naval Shipyard - Mare Island built more than 400 vessels. Mare Island Naval Shipyard set a shipbuilding record for a destroyer that was never broken completing the USS Ward in just 171/2 days.
Marinship - The 75,000 Americans who poured into Marinship during the war years build 93 ships.
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