BGuthrie Photos: NY -- Albany -- State Capitol

NY -- Albany -- State Capitol:

Bruce Guthrie Photos Home Page: [Click here] to go to Bruce Guthrie Photos home page.

Description of Pictures: I finally got to tour the inside of this building. Quite impressive! The "million dollar staircase" and the "war room" artwork was fascinating.

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. SCAPNY_080602_085.JPG: The guide mentioned that the fireplaces, none of which had ever actually been used in the capitol, was so huge it could be used for private conversations when representatives didn't want to be overheard by others.
2. SCAPNY_080602_202.JPG: He mentioned the floor tile had held up pretty well!
3. SCAPNY_080602_216.JPG: A Flood Of Light: Architect Isaac Perry predicted that "a flood of light" would emanate from the "glazed dome" he designed in 1895. He was not disappointed; for many years Perry's original skylight and laylight illuminated the Great Western Staircase and its magnificent sandstone carvings. Then, in 1911, fire destroyed both skylight and laylight. They were rebuilt shortly after, but at the height of World War II, the laylight was covered over, effectively blocking the intended natural light. For 60 years, one of the Capitol's grandest features remained in relative darkness. In March 2000, the New York State Office of General Services began restoring the skylight and laylight over the Great Western Staircase. This historic restoration was completed in 2002. It is once again possible to view the Great Western Staircase under a flood of light. Designing the Great Western Staircase 1867-1899: The history of the Capitol's construction is a history of change in design and style. The initial 1867 design was very different from the finished building in 1899. Five different architects were involved in the Capitol's construction. The first architect of the Capitol, Thomas Fuller (1822-1898), designed an iron staircase for the west end of the building. In 1875, an advisory board of architects was appointed to review Fuller's design. One of their criticisms was the lack of light on the Western Staircase. Leopold Eidlitz (1823-1906), Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-1886), and Frederick Law Olmstead (1822-1903), replaced Thomas Fuller as architects of the Capitol. Their ideas radically changed the building's design. Architect Henry Hobson Richardson assumed the task of redesigning the Western Staircase, but his grand design initially did not include a skylight. Richardson's later designs included an ornate dome laylight much different from the one that was eventually built. The side corridors to the north and south of the Great Western Staircase were also designed with a laylight and skylight system. In addition, open-air courts brought natural light to all floors. Innovative electric sconces, designed by master stone carver Louis J. Hinton, enhanced the beauty of the staircase. The combination of these light sources caused one architectural critic to exclaim, "The effect of the lighting of the Western Staircase is perfection." "The whole inner area of the fourth story... is open... leaving the whole space freed up to the glazed dome, which spans the whole area, admitting a flood of light down through the staircase." -- Isaac Perry, Report to the Legislature, 1895 In 1883, Isaac Perry (1822-1904) became the Capitol Architect. Perry kept Richardson's plan for the Great Western Staircase but increased the amount of decorative stone carving. Perry's skylight and laylight design were built in 1897. The laylight was installed with an opalescent glass to diffuse the bright daylight. The glass was framed in wrought steel that was painting white and attached to the stonework with expansion bolts. A molded copper cornice covered the connection between the steel frame and the stonework.
4. SCAPNY_080602_219.JPG: Restoration: In spring 2002, the New York State Office of General Services completed a full restoration of the skylight and laylight system. Today, visitors can once again see the Great Western Staircase under a flood of light. The restoration of the skylight and laylight, which began in March 2000, is one phase of a multi-phased Capitol roof rehabilitation. This will correct problems of leakage that have plagued the Capitol since before its completion. Skylight reconstruction began by removing the plywood and slate roof where the skylight had once been. The terra-cotta roof finial is a reproduction of an original sculpted ornament. New aluminum framing outlines the panels of new glass. Prior to restoration, two large brass chandeliers hung from the laylight. They were not historically accurate and did little to improve the level of light on the Great Western Staircase. The chandeliers were removed and now hang in the new Rensselaer Rail Station. An extensive assembly of scaffolding was constructed on the upper levels of the Great Western Staircase. This allowed worked to remove the gold-plated fabric covering the inside of the laylight. Beneath the paper, most of the wire-embedded glass panels were damaged beyond repair. The copper-clad steel frame was repaired and repainted, and new glass installed.
5. SCAPNY_080602_382.JPG: The Great Western Staircase begins here
6. SCAPNY_080602_387.JPG: Fire & Rebuilding: In the early morning of March 29, 1911, fire swept through the west end of the Capitol, destroying the State Library and many rooms on the fourth and fifth floors. The upper levels of the Great Western Staircase were severely damaged. The laylight and skylight were destroyed. Reconstruction of the skylight and laylight began shortly after the fire. State Architect Franklin B. Ware (187401945), and his successor, Lewis J. Pilcher (1871-1941), recreated the skylight system essentially as Perry had designed it, but with a few modifications. The laylight's steel framework was covered in ornamental copper and painted a light yellow-green. Perry's opalescent glass was replaced by wire-embedded safety glass. By 1914, the skylight and laylight above the Great Western Staircase were back in service, illuminating the staircase for the next 30 years. The Twentieth Century: Dark Times for the Skylight: During World War II, the laylight was covered with a wallpaper-like fabric to block interior light from being seen from the air. For the next 60 years, the once bright staircase was cloaked in darkness. In the 1960s, further modifications were made to the skylight and laylight system. The paper covering the laylight was painted with gold reflective paint. The large chandeliers were hung from the laylight, but these measures did little to improve the lighting. Over time, dirt and grime accumulated on the staircase and damage occurred in many of the laylight's existing 1914 glass panels. The skylight glass remained intact until the late 1960s when it was removed during roof repairs, and replaced with a plywood and slate roof.
7. SCAPNY_080602_390.JPG: A Flood of Light Again! After nearly sixty years, natural light once again illuminates the Great Western Staircase. This lighting system is composed of two parts: a laylight and a skylight. To see the interior of the skylight and the top of the laylight, take the fire stairs or elevator to the fifth floor. A viewing station in the northwest corridor overlooks the space between these features. The restored laylight, 40 feet above the fourth floor, diffuses the direct sunlight that enters from the skylight above it. This filtered light draws attention to the elaborate stone carvings. The laylight consists of a 2,600 square foot glass dome containing 192 panes of laminated, textured glass. The steel laylight frame, which dates to 1914, has been cleaned, repaired and repainted. Scientific examination of fragments of original paint revealed the yellow-green color that has been recreated today. The photographs on the right shows the 3,000-square-foot skylight located above the laylight. It is made up of 200 panes of clear glass. Most of the panes are approximately 36" by 40". Vertical elements of the steel skylight frame remain from 1914, with new horizontal and vertical aluminum framing elements attached directly to them. The skylight frame is painted light green to recreate the natural green patina found on nearby copper roof features.
8. SCAPNY_080602_398.JPG: Roger Sherman
9. SCAPNY_080602_409.JPG: General Sherman.
10. SCAPNY_080602_413.JPG: General Grant
11. SCAPNY_080602_419.JPG: Philip Sheridan
12. SCAPNY_080602_434.JPG: Roscoe Conkling Roscoe Conkling From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Roscoe Conkling (October 30, 1829 – April 18, 1888) was a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party. Conkling was born in Albany, New York; his father, Alfred Conkling, was a U.S. Representative and Federal judge and his brother, Frederick Augustus Conkling, was also a U.S. Representative. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1850. He began a practice in Utica, New York. He served as the district attorney for Oneida County in 1850; mayor of Utica in 1858; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1863); chairman, Committee on District of Columbia (Thirty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful candidate in 1862 for reelection; elected to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1865, until he resigned to become Senator, effective March 4, 1867; elected in 1867 as a Republican to the United States Senate; reelected in 1873 and again in 1879 and served from March 4, 1867, until May 16, 1881, when he resigned as a protest against the federal appointments made in New York State; was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation; chairman, Committee on Revision of the Laws of the United States (Fortieth through Forty-third Congresses), Committee on Commerce (Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-seventh Congresses), Committee on Engrossed Bills (Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses); resumed the practice of law in New York City; declined to accept a nomination to the United States Supreme Court in 1882. He died after falling ill from walking in a blizzard in New York City, on April 18, 1888; interment in Forest Hill Cemetery, Utica, NY. A statue of him stands in Madison Square Park in New York City.
13. SCAPNY_080602_443.JPG: Abraham Lincoln
14. SCAPNY_080602_452.JPG: Frederick Douglass
15. SCAPNY_080602_459.JPG: Longfellow
16. SCAPNY_080602_464.JPG: Walt Whitman
17. SCAPNY_080602_473.JPG: Some characters get a name but no picture for some reason. This is "Benjamin Franklin".
18. SCAPNY_080602_489.JPG: Daniel S. Dickinson Daniel S. Dickinson From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Daniel Stevens Dickinson (September 11, 1800 - April 12, 1866) was a New York politician, most notable as a United States Senator from 1844 to 1851. Biography: Born in Goshen, Connecticut, he moved with his parents to Guilford, Chenango County, New York, in 1806. He attended the common schools, was apprenticed to a clothier, and taught school at Wheatland, New York from 1821 on. In 1822, he married Lydia Knapp. He also engaged in land surveying, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828. He commenced practice in Guilford, and served as Postmaster of Guilford from 1827 to 1832. He moved to Binghamton, New York and served as the first President of the City of Binghamton in 1834. He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1837 to 1840. He was Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1843 to 1844. In 1844, he was a presidential elector and cast his vote for James K. Polk and George M. Dallas. In 1844 he was appointed as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Nathaniel P. Tallmadge, and was subsequently elected to a full term, serving from November 30, 1844, to March 3, 1851. He was defeated when seeking reelection. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Finance (1849-1850), a member of the Committee on Manufactures (Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth United States Congresses), and a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims (Thirty-first United States Congress). As a senator and after, Dickinson was the leader of the conservative Hunker faction of the New York Democratic Party, and would eventually become leader of the "Hards" who opposed reconciliation with the more radical Barnburner faction which had left the party in 1848 to join the Free Soilers. Dickinson resumed the practice of law in 1851. He was delegate to the 1852 Democratic National Convention. In 1853, President Franklin Pierce appointed him Collector of the Port of New York, but he declined the position. He was elected New York State Attorney General in 1861 on a ticket nominated by the Union State Convention which included Republicans and Northern Democrats. He was appointed United States Commissioner for the final settlement of the Hudson Bay and Puget Sound agricultural claims in 1864. He was considered as a possible vice-presidential candidate when Abraham Lincoln was running for reelection. Eventually, Dickinson was passed over in favor of Andrew Johnson. Dickinson was, however, appointed by President Lincoln United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York in 1865 which position he held until his death in office the next year. He died in New York City, and was buried at the Spring Forest Cemetery in Binghamton.
19. SCAPNY_080602_490.JPG: John Brown
20. SCAPNY_080602_496.JPG: William Cullen Bryant From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia William Cullen Bryant (November 3, 1794 - June 12, 1878) was an American romantic poet, journalist, and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post.
21. SCAPNY_080602_534.JPG: The "War Room"
22. SCAPNY_080602_630.JPG: This exhibit was about work done on restoring Civil War-vintage flags. Sign: Flags from the Heart & Home: This exhibition showcases ten conserved battle flags that New Yorkers presented to local volunteer regiments during the Civil War. Each flag signifies a community's devotion to its patriot sons and a soldier's dedication to home, country, and cause. Not only does this exhibit acknowledge New York State's patriotic spirit, but it also presents the tangible emblems that inspired 400,000 volunteers to preserve the very fabric of their society.
23. SCAPNY_080602_674.JPG: Mollie Pitcher
24. SCAPNY_080602_697.JPG: Harriet Beecher Stowe
25. SCAPNY_080602_703.JPG: Gen. Winfield Scott.
26. SCAPNY_080602_708.JPG: Zachary Taylor
27. SCAPNY_080602_715.JPG: Thomas Jefferson
28. SCAPNY_080602_719.JPG: George Washington
29. SCAPNY_080602_723.JPG: "Americus Vesputius" Amerigo Vespucci From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454 - February 22, 1512) was the first person to demonstrate that the New World discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492 was not the eastern appendage of Asia, but rather a previously-unknown "fourth" continent.[a] The continents of North and South America (and, by extension, the United States) derive their name from the feminized Latin version of his first name. He played a senior role in two voyages which explored the east coast of South America between 1499 and 1502. On the first of these voyages he discovered that South America extended much further south than believed by other European explorers crossing the Atlantic, who thought they were reaching Asia (the Indies). Vespucci's voyages became widely known in Europe after two accounts attributed to him were published between 1502 and 1504. In 1507, Martin Waldseem�ller produced a world map on which he named the new continent America after Vespucci's first name, Amerigo. In an accompanying book, Waldseem�ller published one of the Vespucci accounts, which led to criticism that Vespucci was trying to usurp Christopher Columbus' glory. However, the rediscovery in the 18th century of other letters by Vespucci, primarily the Soderini Letter, has led to the view that the early published accounts were fabrications, not by Vespucci, but by others.
30. SCAPNY_080602_729.JPG: "We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator, with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
31. SCAPNY_080602_734.JPG: James Fenimore Cooper. James Fenimore Cooper From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 – September 14, 1851) was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous sea-stories and the historical novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales, featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo. Among his most famous works is the novel The Last of the Mohicans, which many consider to be his masterpiece.
32. SCAPNY_080602_767.JPG: Robert Fulton
33. SCAPNY_080602_777.JPG: Alexander Hamilton
34. SCAPNY_080602_796.JPG: Daniel S. Dickinson again.
35. SCAPNY_080602_814.JPG: John Greenleaf Whittier From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia John Greenleaf Whittier (December 17, 1807–September 7, 1892) was an influential American Quaker poet and ardent advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United States.
36. SCAPNY_080602_824.JPG: Gen. Peter Gansevoort Peter Gansevoort From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Peter Gansevoort (July 17, 1749 – July 2, 1812) was a Colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War who withstood St. Leger's Siege of Fort Stanwix in 1777.
37. SCAPNY_080602_844.JPG: Robert Morris. Robert Morris (financier) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Robert Morris, Jr. (January 20, 1734 – May 9, 1806) was an American merchant and a signer to the United States Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. Morris was known as the Financier of the Revolution, because of his role in securing financial assistance for the American side in the Revolutionary War. Ironically, he was sent to debtor's prison in later life.
38. SCAPNY_080602_848.JPG: George Read (signer) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia George Read (September 18, 1733 – September 21, 1798) was an American lawyer and politician from New Castle, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, a Continental Congressman from Delaware, a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, President of Delaware, and a member of the Federalist Party, who served as U.S. Senator from Delaware and Chief Justice of Delaware.
39. SCAPNY_080602_860.JPG: Philip Sheridan again
40. SCAPNY_080602_877.JPG: Elmina P. Spencer. Elmina P. (at right), born 13 September 1819; married 14 November 1840 to R. H. Spencer. Elmina, a nurse, is one of New York State's heroines of the Civil War; she accompanied the 147th NY Volunteers of Oswego County on their campaigns through many important battles, and at Gettysburg, when all other medical personnel had been captured, she stayed on to tend the sick and dying at the hospital. The above was from http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~legends/keeler.html
Wikipedia Description: New York State Capitol
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The New York State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U.S. state of New York. Housing the New York Legislature, it is located in the state capital of Albany on State Street in Capitol Park. The building, completed in 1899 at a cost of $25 million (roughly half a billion current dollars), was the most expensive government building of its time. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1979.

The Capitol was constructed between 1867 and 1899 and inspired by the H�tel de Ville (City Hall) in Paris, France. Three teams of architects designed it. The building is constructed in both Romanesque and Renaissance styles. This has led some historians to dub it "The Battle of the Styles." Notable architectural features include its interior "Million Dollar Staircase" and massive, 166 foot long exterior Eastern Staircase. The Capitol exterior is made of white granite from Hallowell, Maine, and the building incorporates marble cut by state prisoners at Sing Sing. The granite structure is 220 feet (67 meters) tall at its highest point, and it is one of ten U.S. state capitols that does not have a domed roof. Underground tunnels connect it to the Empire State Plaza and Alfred E. Smith Building. The building's exterior is currently undergoing restoration.

Architects:

Three teams of architects worked on the design of the Capitol during the 32 years of its construction. They were led by:

* 1867-75: Thomas Fuller
* 1875-83: Leopold Eidlitz and Henry Hobson Richardson
* 1883-99: Isaac G. Perry

Construction began in 1869. Lieutenant Governor William Dorsheimer dismissed Fuller in favor of Eidlitz and Richardson. According to one source, it "was Richardson who dominated the final outcome of the grand building, which evolved into his distinguished Romanesque style" (which came to be known as Richardsonian Romanesque). Eidlitz and Richardson, however, were dismissed by Grover Cleveland upon his election to governorship and his review of the mounting costs of construction. He hired Perry to complete the project.

The building cost twice the cost to construct the United States Capitol.
Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.) I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
Connection Not Secure messages? Those warnings you get from your browser about this site not having secure connections worry some people. This means this site does not have SSL installed (the link is http:, not https:). That's bad if you're entering credit card numbers, passwords, or other personal information. But this site doesn't collect any personal information so SSL is not necessary. Life's good!
Photo Contact: [Email Bruce Guthrie].