DC -- Glenwood Cemetery:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- GLEN_060107_19.JPG: Benjamin Grenup, the first DC fireman to die in the line of duty. He was crushed by a firetruck as the illustration on one side of the monument shows you.
- GLEN_060107_50.JPG: I've got to presume this is a descendant of Braxton Bragg, the Confederate general, but I could be wrong.
- GLEN_060107_64.JPG: Constantino Brumidi (1805-1880), an Italian refugee, was the fresco decorator of the interior of the United States Capitol.
- GLEN_060107_74.JPG: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (LOIT suh) was born in Germany. He studied art in Philadelphia, and in 1859 he moved to New York to live. He became famous for his paintings of American historical scenes. He painted the 12 foot high by 21 foot long "Washington Crossing the Delaware" painting.
From http://www.americanrevolution.org/delxone.html
With the possible exceptions of DaVincis' Mona Lisa and Last Supper, this is perhaps the most universally recognized image in the entire history of art. It is also an image that historians love to hate.
Painted in Dusseldorf, Germany around 1851, the artist had lived in America as a boy, and after going back to Germany, had returned to America many times (years later he would emigrate here). While here, he visited the Smithsonian and examined Washington's uniform and sword, and carefully studied paintings and sculpture of the Great General which were done in Washington's lifetime. Yet, despite this intensive research into historical accuracies, Leutze then let his artistic license run wild. Perhaps that is why this painting is usually classified in the "Romantic" school of art.
The actual crossing was done in the dead of night, during a driving snowstorm, and was completed by three a. m. Leutze indulged in symbolism showing Washington leading his men out of a stormy darkness into a new dawn of freedom. Indeed, although you can't make it out in our electronic image, in the original, in the sky directly above the foremost oarsman, Leutze painted in the morning star, invoking the legend of the wise ones following the star at Christmas.
Two future Presidents of the United States crossed the river that fateful night, James Madison and James Monroe. Also along with the army were a future Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, John Marshall, and famous rivals Aarron Burr and Alexander Hamilton.
Besides Washington, only two of the figures in the boat have been identified. Look closely at the fellow holding the flag, and you'll see James Monroe. He was quartered in the house where Washington made the decision to cross, and served as a scout and trusted adviser to the General, but there's nothing in the historical records to indicate he crossed in the same boat. Note the so-called "Betsy Ross" flag, with the stars in a circle. This design first came into existence some six months after the crossing.
The other recognizable figure, pulling on an oar at Washington's knee, is Prince Whipple, a black patriot who has become a minor legend of the Revolution. As an early biographer said of him: "Prince Whipple was born in Amabou, Africa, of comparatively wealthy parents. When about ten years of age, he was sent by them, in company with a cousin, to America to be educated. An elder brother had returned four years before, and his parents were anxious that their child should receive the same benefits. The captain who brought the two boys over proved a treacherous villain, and carried them to Baltimore, where he exposed them for sale, and they were both purchased by Portsmouth men, Prince falling to Gen. Whipple. He was emancipated during the [Revolutionary] war, was much esteemed, and was once entrusted by the General with a large sum of money to carry from Salem to Portsmouth. He was attacked on the road, near Newburyport, by two ruffians; one was struck with a loaded whip, the other he shot...Prince was beloved by all who knew him. He was the "Caleb Quotom" of Portsmouth. where he died at the age of thirty-two leaving a widow and children."
But, while many black soldiers served in Glovers Marblehead Regiment, the unit that ferried the army across the river, Prince Whipple wasn't one of them. In fact, in December of 1776 he was in Baltimore.
Of course, few of the soldiers who crossed the river that horrible night to fight what was to be one of the few battles that can be said to have changed the course of the history of the entire world were as fortunate as Monroe or Madison. Major James Wilkinson, who was on his way to join Washington, found his route easy to follow: "There was a little snow on the ground, which was tinged here and there with blood from the feet of the men who wore broken shoes." Primary documents differ about Patriot casualties, but even the most pessimistic reflect that the only American dead after the battle were two soldiers who froze to death.
- Wikipedia Description: Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Glenwood Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at 2219 Lincoln Road NE in Washington, D.C. It is a private, secular cemetery owned and operated by The Glenwood Cemetery, Inc. Many famous people are buried in Glenwood Cemetery, and the cemetery is noted for its numerous elaborate Victorian and Art Nouveau funerary monuments. The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017; its mortuary chapel was separately listed in 1989.
Establishment of the cemetery
On June 5, 1852, the Council of the City of Washington in the District of Columbia passed a local ordinance that barred the creation of new cemeteries anywhere within Georgetown or the area bounded by Boundary Street (northwest and northeast), 15th Street (east), East Capitol Street, the Anacostia River, the Potomac River, and Rock Creek. A number of new cemeteries were therefore established in the "rural" areas in and around Washington: Columbian Harmony Cemetery in D.C.; Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Silver Spring, Maryland; Mount Olivet Cemetery in D.C.; and Woodlawn Cemetery in D.C.
The property which became Glenwood Cemetery was first owned by John Dixon, and original patentee of the District of Columbia. In 1809, Dixon sold the land to Dr. Phineas Bradley. Bradley renamed it Clover Hill, and built a large home in the northeast corner of the land. Bradley entertained some of the city's most notable residents, including Senator Henry Clay. Bradley sold the property in 1845, and it changed hands many times over the next nine years. By 1854, it was owned by Junius J. Boyle.
In June 1852, Joseph B. Close, William S. Humphreys, Randolph S. Evans, and George Clendenin purchased the 90-acre (360,000 m2) Clover Hill from Junius J. Boyle for $9,000 for the purpose of creating a secular cemetery. Humphreys put a high fence around 30 acres (120,000 m2) of the site and laid out walks and roads. Clendenin was appointed superintendent of the cemetery in March 1853. Close had loaned Humphreys $27,000 to make his improvements, and in April 1853 Humphreys gave Close a 50 percent interest in the premises. The remaining half interest was given to Close in June 1854. Close agreed that if Humphreys repaid the debt, Close would give him half the land back.
On July 27, 1854, Congress passed legislation granting a congressional charter to and establishing The Proprietors of Glenwood Cemetery. The cemetery association was governed by a board of 12 people (who had invested a total of $100,000 in creating the cemetery): Four from the District of Columbia, plus Close, Humphreys, Evans, and William Phelps (a resident of New Jersey). The board was empowered to appoint a president and three managers. The charter specified that no more than 100 acres (400,000 m2) could be held by the association, and at least 30 acres (120,000 m2) must be used as a cemetery. The congressional charter also provided that no streets could be built through the cemetery. Congress specifically exempted all cemetery land (but not unimproved land) from taxes.
Ownership disputes
Glenwood Cemetery was dedicated on August 2, 1854. In 1859, Humphreys defaulted on his payments to Close, forfeiting his right to receive any property. Close became the sole owner of Glenwood Cemetery, with Clendenin continuing to act as superintendent. Between 1854 and 1874, 2,000 burial plots were sold. When the District of Columbia assessed property taxes on the 60 acres (240,000 m2) of unimproved land, Close argued that the entire site was dedicated to cemetery use. The tax assessments were withdrawn.
On February 28, 1877, Congress passed legislation changing the name of the association to "The Glenwood Cemetery". The board of trustees was reduced to five. Three of the trustees were to be elected by individuals who had purchased burial plots, and two by agreement among the 12 investors in the cemetery. The new congressional charter required that 25 percent of the proceeds from the sale of lots should be paid to the original 12 investors, with the remainder being used to maintain the cemetery.
Close refused to recognize the legality of the new congressional charter. Close now argued that the 60 acres (240,000 m2) of unimproved land was private, not cemetery, property. Further complicating matters, Close was engaged in a lengthy and bitter divorce proceeding. He had turned over to his wife all his stock and profits in Glenwood Cemetery. A D.C. district court ordered Close to turn over his interest in Glenwood Cemetery to the other investors, to be compensated for this investment, and to continue to receive 25 percent of the profits from the cemetery. Close appealed the ruling, asking to keep all 90 acres (360,000 m2) of the property. Close's wife appealed as well, demanding that the property be turned over to her.
The dispute went to the Supreme Court of the United States. In Close v. Glenwood Cemetery, 107 U.S. 466 (1883), the Supreme Court held that Close's wife had not filed her claim in a timely fashion and was not entitled to appeal. The Supreme Court also affirmed the judgment of the district court. The Glenwood Cemetery now passed solely into the hands of the remaining 11 investors.
Improvements and burials
As Glenwood Cemetery began to fill, the unimproved grounds were developed. The layout for Glenwood Cemetery was designed by George F. de la Roche, a civil engineer. De la Roche drew primary inspiration for Glenwood from Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. But Mount Auburn Cemetery in Boston, Massachusetts, and Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, were also important to the design. The cemetery hired de la Roche because he proposed a "rural cemetery" landscape design. De la Roche designed a series of winding roadways that followed the topography. A portion of the grounds remained undeveloped by the time the American Civil War broke out. In November 1861, Abraham Lincoln visited Glenwood Cemetery to visit Colonel John Cochrane's First United States Chasseurs (65th New York Regiment). The Lincoln connection to Glenwood Cemetery continued after Lincoln's death, when assassination co-conspirator George Atzerodt was buried in Glenwood.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Glenwood Cemetery was known as one of the "big five" cemeteries in Washington, D.C.
In August 1892, Glenwood Cemetery commissioned a mortuary chapel from noted local architect Glenn Brown. Brown's Romanesque Revival structure was his only religious structure, and was completed at the height of his professional career. The Glenwood Cemetery Mortuary Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. A large number of nationally and locally important individuals were buried in Glenwood Cemetery during its history. Among these were Benjamin Greenup (also spelled Grenup), a D.C. firefighter who was killed on May 6, 1856. For 150 years, Greenup was believed to be the first D.C. firefighter to die in the line of duty. A major memorial was erected over Greenup's burial site, and every year rookie firefighters drove a fire engine onto the grounds of Glenwood Cemetery to honor his memory. But in 2011, researchers discovered that D.C. firefighter John G. Anderson died in the line of duty on March 11, 1856—two months before Greenup. It remained unclear if the Greenup pilgrimage would continue. Another important figure buried at the cemetery was Constantino Brumidi, who painted the frescos in the United States Capitol. When Brumidi was buried, his grave was unmarked. The location of Brumidi's grave was lost for 72 years. It was rediscovered, and on February 19, 1952, a marker was finally placed above it.
As of 1988, neither the cemetery nor its mortuary chapel had been significantly altered since the construction of the mortuary chapel in 1892.
Notable interments
* Thomas W. Bartley (1812–1885), Governor of Ohio and Justice on the Ohio State Supreme Court
* Clifford K. Berryman (1869–1949), editorial cartoonist who first drew the Teddy Bear
* Rebecca Wright Bonsal (1838-1914), Civil War heroine and early female civil servant
* William Henry Boyd (1825–1887), Colonel in the Union Army, publisher of Boyd's City Directories
* William A. Bradley (1794–1867), Mayor of Washington, D.C.
* Constantino Brumidi (1805–1880), painter of frescos in the United States Capitol
* John Simpson Crocker (1820–1890), Brigadier General in the Union Army
* Chester Bidwell Darrall (1842–1908), U.S. Representative from Louisiana
* Frederic De Frouville (ca. 1850–1883), notorious murderer
* A. Lawrence Foster (1802–1877), a U.S. Representative from New York State
* William E. Gaines (1844–1912), a U.S. Representative from Virginia
* Alexander Gardner (1821–1882), Scottish American Civil War photographer
* Selucius Garfielde (1822–1883), a Territorial Delegate to Congress from Washington Territory
* Louis Gathmann (1843–1917), inventor and engineer
* Ransom H. Gillet (1800–1876), U.S. Representative from New York
* Howard Helmick (1844–1907) American painter, etcher, designer, and illustrator
* Gretchen Hood (1886–1978), American opera singer
* Irwin "Ike" H. Hoover (1871–1933), Chief White House Usher for many years
* Amos Kendall (1789–1869), U.S. Postmaster General and founder of school for the deaf which became Gallaudet University
* Edwin F. Ladd (1859–1925), president of North Dakota Agricultural College and a U.S. Senator from North Dakota
* Emanuel Leutze (1816–1868), painter of Washington Crossing the Delaware
* Ralph P. Lowe (1805–1883), Governor of Iowa and Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court
* Albert Gallatin Mackey (1807–1881), physician and primary founder of Scottish Rite Freemasonry
* Edmund William McGregor Mackey (1846–1884), U.S. Representative from South Carolina
* Van H. Manning (1839–1892), Colonel in the Confederate States Army and U.S. Representative from Mississippi
* John Luckey McCreery (1835–1906), poet best known for the work There Is No Death, which first appeared in July 1863
* Clark Mills (1810–1883), American sculptor
* John Frederick Parker (1830–1890), D.C. police officer assigned to guard Abraham Lincoln the night the president was killed
* Alexander G. Penn (1799–1866), a U.S. Representative from Louisiana
* Bertha E. Perrie (1868–1921), painter
* Daniel Reintzel (1755–1828), three-term mayor of the town of Georgetown, D.C.
* Marcus Reno (1834–1889), survivor of the Battle of Little Big Horn, removed and reburied at Custer National Cemetery
* John J. Roane (1794–1869), U.S. Representative from Virginia
* John Ambler Smith (1847–1892), U.S. Representative from Virginia
* Strong John Thomson (1819–1897), Washington, D.C., educator and founder of the Thomson School
* Hiram Walbridge (1821–1870), U.S. Representative from New York
* Jesse Johnson Yeates (1829–1892), U.S. Representative from North Carolina
* James R. Young (1847–1924), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
Notable monuments and buildings
* Blundon Monument
* Glenwood Cemetery Mortuary Chapel
* Grenup Monument
* Vasco Monument
- Atlas Obscura Description: Glenwood Cemetery's Chainsaw Sculptures
Washington, D.C.
The towering figures were created from the cemetery's fallen old-growth trees.
Glenwood Cemetery is a historic Washington D.C. cemetery some know for its opulent Victorian monuments and infamous residents: It is the resting place of George Atzerodt, a co-conspirator for Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, and the murderer Frederic De Frouville. But amid the graves of its notorious and lesser-known inhabitants, some larger-than-life chainsaw art rises from the ground.
Many of the trees within Glenwood are over 200 years old. When high winds caused some of the old-growth trees to topple, the cemetery contacted a professional chainsaw artist to turn the wooden remnants into works of art, and give new life to the longtime living residents of a place so heavily associated with death. The artist, Dayton Scoggins, used four oak trees to create the unique wooden sculptures. The largest of them stretches to 30 feet tall.
The wooden carvings found in Glenwood include creatures not commonly found in your average cemetery, like a dragon and a saber tooth tiger surrounded by woodland creatures. Two of the sculptures depict angels, which are are admittedly a more conventional fit for their surroundings. Supposedly, the artist drew inspiration from passages in the Bible’s Book of Revelation.
Know Before You Go
The statues are located behind the cemetery’s Romanesque Revival mortuary chapel.
The above was from https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/glenwood-cemeterys-chainsaw-sculptures
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