BGuthrie Photos: VA -- Fort Eustis -- U.S. Army Transportation Museum -- Yard

VA -- Fort Eustis -- U.S. Army Transportation Museum -- Yard:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. FTEUSY_050929_031.JPG: Cybernetic Walking Machine: This machine was built for the U.S. Army by General Electric Corp. in 1970. It was designed for transporting up to 500 pounds of cargo over extremely difficult terrain. The operator sat in the center, and controlled the machine by a set of linkages. Although awkward looking, the machine exhibited a high degree of dexterity. It could walk forward and backward, turn around, and step over low obstacles.
2. FTEUSY_050929_035.JPG: Berlin Duty Train Cars: The German sleeper car and caboose are from the Berlin duty train, operated by Transportation Corps personnel from 1945 until 1989, when Germany was unified. The train made scheduled runs in and out of West Berlin through Soviet checkpoints, transporting thousands of American military members, dependents and others on official duty. A typical passenger train pulled three sleeper cars, and a caboose or escort/guard car. The conductor, radio operator, military policeman and the train commander (usually a Transportation Corps lieutenant) rode in the escort/guard car caboose. The German government donated the cars to the Museum in 1991. They were transported to the Military Traffic Management Command at Rotterdam, The Netherlands, where they were loaded on the LSV-4 Bunker (Logistics Supply Vessel), arriving at Fort Eustis in August 1992.
3. FTEUSY_050929_038.JPG: Truck, Cargo, 16-ton, 4x4, XM437E1 Goer: Designed for cross-country mobility, the Goer was tested in 1960 in the desert and subzero weather, and for amphibious operations. Nineteen Goers were sent to Vietnam in June 1966, and for their first 18 months, moved more than 20,000 pounds of cargo, plus nearly 1.7 million gallons of fuel, more than 158,000 miles. Powered by a General Motors diesel 6-cylinder, 2-cycle engine, the maximum range was 331 miles. The tires are 16 ply large diameter, low pressure, and high flotation, with central inflation and deflation controllable from the cab. The vehicle is floatable with a load, its water speed about 3 mph using front wheels for propulsion. This particular Goer was tested at Fort Eustis in the early 1960s.
4. FTEUSY_050929_057.JPG: Air Cushion Vehicle, SK-5: This is one of three Hovercrafts that were field tested in Vietnam in 1968. Propulsion is gained through a centrifugal blower fan lift assembly which allows the vehicle to ride a cushion of air trapped inside the rubber skirt. The vehicle is capable of traveling over land, mud, marshland, and water.
5. FTEUSY_050929_077.JPG: Railway Snowplow-spreader-ditcher Car: O.F. Jordan Company of East Chicago delivered this car in November 1953 for testing at Fort Eustis, Virginia. Designed for year-round use, this car required a 1600 hp diesel-electric locomotive or a 2-8-0 class steam locomotive (like the NO. 607) in order to provide sufficient air supply and traction for successful operations. Primary used for track maintenance, the vertically stowed arms are lowered when in use. During winter, it cleared snow and ice in yards, terminals, and on the tracks. During other seasons, it spread and leveled ballast, formed slopes and banks, built and widened roadbeds, and cut away excess ballast. The car is capable of 25 miles of ditching and roadbed shaping in one day.
6. FTEUSY_050929_093.JPG: Railway Crane, Locomotive, Steam, Wrecking: Built by Brown Hoist Company in 1952, this 75-ton crane was designed for both freight and domestic service. Weighing almost 170,000 pounds, its self-propelled double hoist and secondary single-hook cable provided lift capability for loading heavy material and equipment. It was issued in the 1950s to the 714th Railway Operating Battalion at Fort Eustis for student training.
7. FTEUSY_050929_114.JPG: LARV XV: The fifteen-ton capacity version of the LARC was used for many of the same purposes as the LARC V. In addition it was fitted with a ramp to allow the rapid discharge of cargo. Like the LACR V, it has ad aluminum alloy hull. It is powered by two 300 horsepower engines.
8. FTEUSY_050929_133.JPG: LCM-6: During World War II, increased amphibious assaults resulted in the development of a variety of ramp-fronted landing craft. All of these vessels were designed to beach themselves, discharge cargo or troops through the bow after the ramp was dropped, then return to sea. The LCM-* (Landing Craft Mechanized) was a Navy-designed boat powered by twin 225 horsepower engines. It carried 30 30 [?] short tons or 20 troops at a speed of 8 knots. It was phased out in the early 1960s in favor of the large LCM-8.
9. FTEUSY_050929_145.JPG: LARC V: The LARC (Lighter Amphibious Resupply Cargo) was introduced in the last 1950s. A lighter is any vessel [that] carries cargo from ship to shore or between shore points. An amphibious lighter can operate equally well on land or water and carries cargo to inland drop points before returning to sea. This is the five-ton capacity LARC. Its large tires allow it to negotiate sandy beaches and its cargo is offloaded by crane or forklift. It served the Army well during the Vietnam conflict.
10. FTEUSY_050929_160.JPG: J-Boat: Picket boats, or J-Boats, were first introduced as command and control vessels prior to World War II. They have also been used as security and sentry boats and for the movement of personnel and light cargo from ship to ship and ship [to] shore. This J-Boat was built in 1954. It is 45 feet long, 12 feet across the beam and has a draft of two feet. It is powered by two 165 horsepower engines and carries a crew of three.
11. FTEUSY_050929_171.JPG: BARC 3-X: The BARC Amphibious Resupply Cargo was designed to replace the DUKW and perform the DUKW's mission. This vehicle is the third of four experimental models built by Pacific Car and Foundry of Renton, Washington. It was delivered to the Army in November 1953, and served as a training vessel until 1963. [You'll see the size of this in the next photo where the top of the tire is over 7 feet tall.]
12. FTEUSY_050929_193.JPG: OH-23B (H-23B) Raven: With procurement starting in 1950, the B models had a combination skid and wheel landing gear and a 200 hp engine. A total of 273 B models were built. While they were not organic to TC units in Korea, they were used extensively by Division- and Corps-level medical ambulance detachments to carry external litters. By 1962, there were 656 OH-23s in the Army inventory. Ravens were used by the Army for observation and utility during the Korean and Vietnam conflicts. The Army used this particular Raven to train pilots at Fort Wolters, Texas until it was transferred to Fort Eustis in 1960 to train aircraft mechanics. It came to the museum in 1967, and is marked for the 506th Transportation Company.
13. FTEUSY_050929_200.JPG: TH-55A (HO-2) Osage: Purchased off-the-shelf in November 1964 after Army tests and evaluation, the Osage was built by the Hughes Tool Company, Aircraft Division. Designed with dual controls, it was a two-place, side-by-side primary training helicopter. Over 860 eventually entered the army inventory. It featured a 360-degree visibility, eight-foot ground-to-rotor clearance, and well-designed skids to absorb hard student landings. This helicopter was used to train student pilots at the U.S. Army Aviation School, Fort Rucker, Alabama, until transferred to the museum in 1989.
14. FTEUSY_050929_205.JPG: H-25 Army Mule: This aircraft was developed for the U.S. Navy as the HUP-2 for air-sea rescue operations during carrier takeoffs and landings. With minor modification, it also met Army needs as a substitute for front-line H-19s in cargo and utility missions. Seven H-25As were assigned to the 506th Transportation Company at Fort Benning, Georgia for training as a substitute for the limited H-19s during the Korean conflict. The Army purchase the first H-25As in 1953, with highest full-year inventory reaching 63 in 1955. Army service lasted from 1953-1958 when the Army gradually transferred the aircraft to the Navy. The Transportation Aviation Group at Fort Eustis used helicopters like this for training in the 1950s. This particular aircraft is a former USN HUP-2 helicopter, painted in Army colors.
15. FTEUSY_050929_222.JPG: VZ-8P-2 Flying Jeep: Piasecki developed the "Flying Jeep" concept under contract with the Transportation Research and Experimental Command at Fort Eustis. The initial model, the VZ8P-1, first flew in May 1958, and is exhibited at the American Helicopter Museum in West Chester, Pennsylvania. The second model here, the VZ8P-2, also built by Piasecki, improved the initial design by placing the rear rotor at a slant, providing forward thrust. It first flew at Piasecki's Philadelphia plant in December 1962. Both models were powered by two three-blade rotors and two Artouste II turbine engines, which generated lift. All major components were housed in the chassis, thereby reducing hazards of conventional helicopters to personnel on the ground.
16. FTEUSY_050929_231.JPG: Aircar Model 2500: Curtiss-Wright Corporation designed this four-place GEM (Ground Effects Machine) and then produced it in November 1959, after considerable testing of the prototype. Powered by two Lycoming engines, it generated enough air pressure to skim 6 to 12 inches off the ground at speeds up to 35 mph with a maximum six percent gradient. The Army bought two of these machines off-the-shelf for analysis at Fort Eustis, testing the performance of air cushion vehicles.
17. FTEUSY_050929_239.JPG: VZ-4DA DOAK 16 VTOL (Vertical Take-Off Landing): The Doak Model 16 is a ducted-fan research vehicle developed under an Army Transportation Research and Engineering Command contract. It completed a 50-hour test flight in 1958 with a maximum speed of 200 mph. The two ducted fans set on its wingtips were set in the vertical position for takeoff and landing, and were rotated into horizontal plane for normal forward flight. After joint testing by both the Army and NASA, it was withdrawn from active use and transferred to the museum in 1973.
18. FTEUSY_050929_253.JPG: CH-54A (H54A) Tarhe "Sky Crane": Since first flight in 1926 and initial procurement of six, the Army purchased 28 of the Sikorsky twin turbo-shaft heavy-lift Tarhes through 1968. Designed to carry loads externally, the rear facing pilot seat provided a clear view of the hoist and cargo during pickups and delivery, all of which are done without landing. A lightweight van, called a "universal pod," could be attached to the fuselage and carried 24 litters plus 15 seats, or 45 troops. Particularly suited for recovering downed aircraft and sling lifting oversize and heavy cargo, the CH-54 was nicknamed the "Sky Crane," It served in Vietnam with the 478th Aviation Company 1966-1968.
19. FTEUSY_050929_262.JPG: VH-34C (H-34C) Choctaw: In 1957, the first helicopters judged safe enough to carry the President of the United States were assigned to the Executive Flight Detachment. They were specially modified H-34s and redesignated VH-34. Modifications for VH-34s included floatation gear attached to the landing gear, automatic stabilization, telephone communication for the President, soundproofing in the cabin, padded upholstery, window curtains, carpet, air-conditioning, closet space and an enlarged window. This VH-34 aircraft was assigned to the Executive Flight Detachment during the presidency of John F. Kennedy. The CH-34s were used from 1955 to the late 1960s by the active Army as cargo and light tactical helicopters. Mostly stationed in Europe in the 1950s and 1960s, the Army first issued CH-34s to the 506th Transportation Battalion.
20. FTEUSY_050929_271.JPG: U-8D (L-23D) Seminole: The Army purchase the first off-the-shelf commercial Twin Bonanzas in 1952 for liaison and utility transport roles. They had increased speed and greater range than other fleet aircraft. They could also be converted for use as Medevac ambulances, pilot trainers or cargo haulers. This U-8D is a military version of the Beech Model E50 that the Army acquired in 1956. It was used for more than 30 years in active, Reserve and National Guard units. This particular aircraft served as a maintenance trainer before coming to the museum in 1978.
21. FTEUSY_050929_291.JPG: UH-1B Iroquois "Huey": Manufactured by Bell, this helicopter, most commonly known as the "Huey", has been a major Army asset since its initial procurement in 1959. Evolving through 13 models, the Huey flew millions of hours in a wide variety of Army missions. The Huey could carry 4,000 pounds of external cargo, or 220 cubic feet of internal cargo. At one point composing 86 percent of the Army's utility fleet, it was the backbone of all airmobile combat operations in Vietnam. First arriving in South Vietnam in May 1963, they were lightly armed and often nicknamed "Slicks." The Army purchased 1,033 of this 9-place B model 1961-65. This particular Huey was one of three Army helicopters to make the first rotary wing flight to the South Pole (Antarctic) in February 1963, as part of Operation Deep Freeze. Used in support of the U.S. Geological Survey, it was painted "Arctic orange," standard for equipment in extremely snowy climates.
22. FTEUSY_050929_297.JPG: U-1 Otter: Built by De Havilland of Canada, 205 Otters have been purchased by the Army since 1955. This "airborne 1-ton truck" was an 11-place, all-metal, high-wing, light, tactical transport. It could be adapted for use in the Arctic or the tropics, in addition to normal missions, using wheels, skids, or floats. It was one of the first types of aircraft deployed to South Vietnam in February 1962. They were assigned to the 18th Aviation Company (45th Transportation Battalion) as this one is marked.
23. FTEUSY_050929_304.JPG: CH-21C (H-21C) Shawnee: Developed as the HRP-1 for the U.S. Navy, the Army's version was all-metal with increased performance. Production started in 1949 under the Piasecki name, later Vertol, and continued through 1955. From December 1961 to late 1963, the H-21 was the Army's workhorse during the Vietnam conflict. The Army bought 334 CH-21Cs and acquired 16 CH-21Bs from the U.S. Air Force. Capable of carrying 20 troops of 2,3000 pounds of cargo, internally or externally, the CH-21s were in service from 1954 to the late 1960s. Nicknamed the "Flying Banana," it could be used with wheels, floats, or skis. This aircraft is a veteran of one of the first U.S. Arm combat units to serve in Vietnam, the 57th Transportation Company (1962-1963), and is so marked.
24. FTEUSY_050929_317.JPG: CH-37B (H-37B) Mojave: The H-37 was originally designed as an assault transport for Marine and Navy requirements. The first Army H-37 was delivered in 1956. The first Transportation Corps company to be equipped with this helicopter was the 4th Medium Transportation Company at Fort Benning, Georgia. This unit was the first to deploy H-37s overseas when it moved to Germany in 1959. For ten years, this was the largest transport helicopter in the free world and the Army's first twin engine helicopter. Normal accommodations were for 36 equipped troops, two jeeps (loaded through clamshell doors in the nose), 24 medevac litters, or a 10,000-pound externally slung cargo. Used in heavy lift recovery of downed aircraft in Vietnam from June 1963, it was replaced by the CH-54. Of the 148 H-37s built, the Army received 97 between 1956 and the mid-1960s. This particular helicopter served with the 4th Transportation Company in Germany, and became part of the museum's collection in 1975.
25. FTEUSY_050929_328.JPG: YC-7A (CV-2A) Caribou: Initially procuring 173 in 1959, the Caribou was the largest Army fixed-wing aircraft. Manufactured by De Havilland, the Army ferried the CV-2s to Vietnam in 1962 where their excellent short-field performance and three-ton payload served as a superb tactical transport airplane. The Army released the CV-2s to the USAF in 1966 under an Army-Air Force agreement. The Army kept several prototypes, tail #59-3079 being the fifth prototype. The yellow and white paint scheme represents the colors of the Golden Knights, the Army's parachute team, who used this plane from 1973 to 1985.
26. FTEUSY_050929_376.JPG: XM211 Cargo Truck, 2-1/2-ton, 6x6: Developed after World War II by General Motors, this M-series 6x6 cargo vehicle replaced the CCKW, with an extended mechanical life and better roadworthiness. Operated in all climates and weather conditions, this vehicle's off-road performance was improved with an automatic transmission. It has the conventional removable canvas top and cargo area with removable sides, bows, and top cover. A winch can be mounted on front, as can deep fording kits and winterization kits.
27. FTEUSY_050929_384.JPG: Rough Terrain Tractor, M52, 5-ton: Used in Vietnam in the 1960s, this tractor was last used in Operation Desert Storm by the 68th Transportation Battalion. It is made to ford hard bottom rivers as deep as 30 inches.
28. FTEUSY_050929_419.JPG: M52A, Truck, Tractor, 5-ton, 6x6: Manufactured by Kaiser Jeep Corp. The "M" series trucks became the standard 5-ton, 6x6 cargo truck for the U.S. Army after World War II and served various transport units throughout Europe and the United States during the 1950s to 1960s. Used heavily in Korea, this truck was powered by a Continental LDS-465 diesel, 6-cyclinder engine and used over all types of roads. Because of the single rather than duel wheels, it provided much better off-road traction for cross-country terrain. It was replaced by the M-54, which utilized the same basic chassis. Trailer, M-127A1, 30-foot: The 5-ton M-52 truck tractor towed this general cargo semi-trailer. A 12-ton 4-wheeled stake type trailer, it is 22 feet long, 7 and 5 inches wide, and 4 feet high, weighing 14,4000 pounds. The 419th Transportation Battalion used it in Operation Desert Storm. ARTFT/6 Forklift, 6000 pound: The Atley built forklift was a standard piece of material handling equipment developed after standardization of cargo loads, like the CONEX and the pallet. This forklift is capable of operating over all types of terrain, through mud, snow, sand, and also steep grades with equal mobility. It has fording capabilities up to five-foot waves.
29. FTEUSY_050929_427.JPG: Cargo Truck, LMTV, XM-1078: In 1985 the Army introduced this Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV). It can be air transported in the USAF C-130, lifted by helicopter, and can be dropped by the low altitude parachute extraction system (LAPES). Manufactured by Stewart and Stevenson, this 21/2-ton truck replaces the current M-44 series of trucks. Powered by a 225 hp Caterpillar 3116 diesel engine, it has a fully automatic 7-speed Allison transmission that is electronically controlled (push button), and full-time all-wheel drive. The vehicle driver controls the central tire inflation system from inside the cab. The cargo bed is all steel with drop-sided rail storage, and can be lifted with storable non-wooden troop seats or a bow-and-tarp kit. Other options include an electric loading/unloading crane, and a hydraulic self-recovery winch. It can also tow a light vehicle trailer (LMTVT).
30. FTEUSY_050929_432.JPG: Truck Tractor, 5-ton, 2000D 4x2: Manufactured by International Harvester, this Fleetstar 2000D tractor was used by the 37th Transportation Group in Germany in the 1960s and 1970s. One of several commercial trucks, it pulled a variety of trailers and was used in over-the-road operations in place of tactical vehicles.
Wikipedia Description: U.S. Army Transportation Museum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The U. S. Army Transportation Museum is a United States Army museum of vehicles and other U. S. Army transportation-related equipment and memorabilia. It is located on the grounds of Fort Eustis, Virginia, in Newport News on the Virginia Peninsula.

Museum history:

The museum was established in 1959, in a warehouse using items initially collected for a recruiting exhibit, and got a main building in 1976. An open-air pavilion for aviation exhibits opened in 1987. The buildings, built at a total cost of US$765,000, and other capital improvements are funded by the Army Transportation Museum Foundation (ATMF). Since the foundation is prohibited by law from obtaining state or federal grants, private donations are the only funding source.

Museum mission:

The museum reflects the history of the Army, especially of the United States Army Transportation Corps, and includes close to 100 military vehicles such as land vehicles, watercraft and rolling stock, including stock from the Fort Eustis Military Railroad. It is officially dedicated to General Frank S. Besson, Jr., who was the first 4 star general to lead the transportation command, and extends over 6 acres of land, air and sea vehicles and indoor exhibits. The exhibits cover transportation and its role in US Army operations, including topic areas from the American Revolutionary War through operations in Afghanistan.

Exhibits:

The museum features a 50,000 square foot main building and four outdoor parks.

The exhibits inside the museum building include representative transportation-related materials, presented in a series of dioramas in chronological order. Outside (see map, below) there is a vehicle yard to the south, with road vehicles, amphibious craft, and the aircraft pavilion, and a rail exhibit to the north. Although material is presented on 18th- and 19th-century topics, over half the indoor exhibit space and almost all of the outdoor exhibits are 20th-century- related.

Early truck developments are given coverage with the Mexican Punitive Expedition, Liberty truck, and Transcontinental Motor Convoy exhibits. The extensive Liberty Truck exhibit covers the development and production of the Army's first standardized truck design, a 5 ton cargo hauler produced using interchangable parts as well as soldier letters about their experiences with the trucks.

World War II receives coverage with several exhibits. Among them are coverage of Operation Mulberry, which was an operation to construct two artificial harbors on the Normandy coast to support the invasion. This operation used 158 tugboats including 74 of the Army's "small tugs" to tow 59 Gooseberry derelict ships to be sunk as breakwalls and the Phoenix caissons and Lobnitz floating piers. Another exhibit focuses on the Red Ball Express, the massive supply operation that supported Patton's advance after D-Day. Coverage includes photos and paintings of the trucks as well as a diorama of a rest stop/repair depot featuring cargo trucks and a wrecker. Additional materials address the massive fuel and oil consumption needs as well as soldier experiences.

The museum has an extensive Vietnam War exhibit, including a large diorama with the gun truck Eve of Destruction (believed the only surviving Vietnam era gun truck, and named after a protest song) and a helicopter, as well as bicycles used by the Viet Cong. The museum has an extensive collection of gun truck images, organised by the truck name, which are also on the museum's web site.

Outdoor exhibits include the vehicle park with a selection of representative vehicles used in the transport command. A marine park has Army water vessels, including a DUKW and a tugboat and various sized amphibious craft including landing craft and wheeled barges.

The aviation pavilion exhibits aircraft, fixed wing and helicopter, from the Korean War to the present, including an OH-23 Raven helicopter and a vertical take-off/landing plane. An unrestored Avrocar is in the covered section.

The rail section has several significant artifacts including the railway cars used in the Berlin duty train as well as standard issue tank switchers, and a collection of typical rolling stock including cranes, freight cars and maintenance of way equipment.

Visiting the museum:

Since the museum is on an active military installation, a check-in at the guard station, possible vehicle search, and visitor's pass is required. The museum has a gift shop and reference library where research may be undertaken with advance request.
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