VA -- Richmond -- Deep Bottom Landing:
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- DEEP_050425_03.JPG: Deep Bottom Landing
A Vital Link
After the Battle of Cold Harbor in June 1864, Grant and Lee shifted their armies to Petersburg; but Grant did not wish to abandon the Richmond front entirely. He had Gen. Benjamin Butler position a small force from his Army of the James here at Deep Bottom Landing to protect the pontoon bridge which allowed Union forces to move back and forth across the James River.
As part of an overall strategy to defeat Lee's main army at Petersburg, Federal detachments launched attacks from here on July 25 and August 13, 1864. Stiff Confederate resistance foiled both efforts. On September 29, 1864, a third attempt, spearheaded by two brigades of United States Colored Troops (USCT), resulted in the capture of New Market Heights. The Army of the James continued to use the key river crossing at Deep Bottom until the end of the war.
- Description of Subject Matter: After the Battle of Cold Harbor in June 1864, Grant and Lee shifted their armies to Petersburg; but Grant did not wish to abandon the Richmond front entirely. He had Gen. Benjamin Butler position a small force from his Army of the James here at Deep Bottom Landing to protect the pontoon bridge which allowed Union forces to move back and forth across the James River.
As part of an overall strategy to defeat Lee's main army at Petersburg. Federal detachments launched attacks from here on July 25 and August 13, 1864. Stiff Confederate resistance foiled both efforts. On September 29, 1864, a third attempt, spearheaded by two brigades of United States Colored Troops (USCT), resulted in the capture of New Market Heights. The Army of the James continued to use the key river crossing at Deep Bottom until the end of the war.
First Battle of Deep Bottom (July 28, 1864): Gen. Joseph Kershaw's successful attack against Union cavalry along the Long Bridge Road stopped Grant's first advance against Richmond's defenses.
Second Battle of Deep Bottom (August 16, 1864): A desperate Confederate counterattack led by Gen. Lee forced Gen. Birney's command to abandon its position above Fussell's mill pond and once again kept Federal troops contained at Deep Bottom.
Battle of New Market Heights (September 29, 1864): Early morning assaults by USCTs pierced the Confederate entrenchments above Deep Bottom. Union pursuit of the retreating Confederates continued several miles along the New Market Road before being stopped at Richmond's outer defense line.
July 27-29, 1864:
During the night of July 26-27, the Union II Corps and two divisions of Sheridan’s cavalry under command of Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock crossed to the north side of James River to threaten Richmond. This demonstration diverted Confederate forces from the impending attack at Petersburg on July 30. Union efforts to turn the Confederate position at New Market Heights and Fussell’s Mill were abandoned when the Confederates strongly reinforced their lines and counterattacked. During the night of July 29, the Federals recrossed the river leaving a garrison as heretofore to hold the bridgehead at Deep Bottom.
The above was from http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/va069.htm
August 13-20, 1864:
During the night of August 13-14, the Union II Corps, X Corps, and Gregg’s cavalry division, all under command of Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, crossed James River at Deep Bottom to threaten Richmond, coordinating with a movement against the Weldon Railroad at Petersburg. On August 14, the X Corps closed on New Market Heights while the II Corps extended the Federal line to the right along Bailey’s Creek. During the night, the X Corps was moved to the far right flank of the Union line near Fussell’s Mill. On August 16, Union assaults near Fussell’s Mill were initially successful, but Confederate counterattacks drove the Federals out of a line of captured works. Heavy fighting continued throughout the remainder of the day. Confederate general John Chambliss was killed during cavalry fighting on Charles City Road. After continual skirmishing, the Federals returned to the southside of the James on the 20th, maintaining their bridgehead at Deep Bottom.
The above was from http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/va071.htm
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