VA -- Lynchburg:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- LYNCH_980328_01.JPG: Lynchburg; World War I Memorial
- LYNCH_980328_02.JPG: Lynchburg; Confederate Memorial
- LYNCH_980328_03.JPG: Lynchburg; Confederate Memorial
- Wikipedia Description: Lynchburg, Virginia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lynchburg is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2006 census, the city had a total population of 67,720, but is at about 70,000 residents as of 2007. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the banks of the James River, Lynchburg is known as the "City of Seven Hills", "The Hill City" and sometimes described as "A City Unto Itself" because it is not located within any county limits, but a city in the middle of Amherst, Bedford, Campbell and Appomattox Counties.
The 2,122 square mile Metropolitan Statistical Area of Lynchburg is near the geographic center of Virginia and encompasses Amherst County, Appomattox County, Bedford County, Campbell County, City of Bedford, and City of Lynchburg. It is the fifth largest MSA in Virginia with a population of 239,510. Other nearby cities include Roanoke, Charlottesville and Danville. Lynchburg's sister cities are Rueil-Malmaison, France and Glauchau, Germany.
Lynchburg is the home of Central Virginia Community College, Christ College, Liberty University, Lynchburg College, Randolph College, and Virginia University of Lynchburg. The Lynchburg MSA also includes Sweet Briar College.
Lynchburg is the regional center for commerce and retail. Industries within the Lynchburg MSA include nuclear technology, pharmaceuticals and material handling. A diversity of small businesses with the region has helped maintain a stable economy and minimized the downturns of the national economy. Reaching as high as 1st place (tied) in 2007, Lynchburg has been within the Top 10 Digital Cities survey for its population since the survey's inception in 2004. ...
History:
First settled in 1757, Lynchburg was named for its founder, John Lynch, who at the age of 17 started a ferry service at a ford across the James River to route traffic to and from New London. He was also responsible for Lynchburg's first bridge across the river, which replaced the ferry in 1812. The "City of Seven Hills" quickly developed along the hills surrounding Lynch's Ferry. Thomas Jefferson maintained a home near Lynchburg, called Poplar Forest. Jefferson frequented Lynchburg and remarked "Nothing would give me greater pleasure than to be useful to the town of Lynchburg. I consider it as the most interesting spot in the state."
Lynchburg was established by charter in 1786 at the site of Lynch's Ferry on the James River. These new easy means of transportation routed traffic through Lynchburg, and allowed it to become the new center of commerce for tobacco trading. In 1810, Jefferson wrote, "Lynchburg is perhaps the most rising place in the U.S.... It ranks now next to Richmond in importance..." Lynchburg became a center of commerce and manufacture in the 19th century, and by the 1850s, Lynchburg (along with New Bedford, Mass.) was one of the richest towns per capita in the U.S. . Chief industries were tobacco, iron and steel. Transportation facilities included the James River Batteau on the James River, and later, the James River and Kanawha Canal and, still later, four railroads, including the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad.
Early on, Lynchburg was not known for its religiosity. In 1804, evangelist Lorenzo Dow wrote of Lynchburg "... where I spoke in the open air in what I conceived to be the seat of Satan's Kingdom. Lynchburg was a deadly place for the worship of God." This was in reference to the lack of churches in Lynchburg. As the wealth of Lynchburg grew, prostitution and other "rowdy" activities became quite common and, in many cases, ignored, if not accepted, by the "powers that be" of the time. Much of this activity took place in an area of downtown referred to as the "Buzzard's Roost."
During the American Civil War, Lynchburg, which served as a Confederate supply base, was approached within one mile by the Union forces of General David Hunter as he drove south from the Shenandoah Valley. Under the false impression that the Confederate forces stationed in Lynchburg were much larger than anticipated, Hunter was repelled by the forces of Confederate General Jubal Early on June 18, 1864, in the Battle of Lynchburg. To create the false impression, a train was continuously run up and down the tracks while the citizens of Lynchburg cheered as if reinforcements were unloading. Local prostitutes took part in the deception, misinforming their Union "clients" of the large number of Confederate reinforcements.
From April 6-10, 1865, Lynchburg served as the Capital of Virginia. Under Gov. William Smith, the executive and legislative branches of the commonwealth moved to Lynchburg for the few days between the fall of Richmond and the fall of the Confederacy.
In the latter 19th century, Lynchburg's economy evolved into manufacturing (sometimes referred to as the "Pittsburgh of the South") and, per capita, made the city one of the wealthiest in the United States. In 1880, Lynchburg resident James Albert Bonsack invented the first cigarette rolling machine, and shortly thereafter Dr. Charles Browne Fleet, a physician and pharmacological tinkerer, introduced the first mass marketed over-the-counter enema, which the company he founded still manufactures (along with other laxative and bowel cleansing products, as noted on the company's website ). Dr. Fleet also invented ChapStick as a lip balm in Lynchburg in the early 1880s. About this time, Lynchburg was also the preferred site for the Norfolk & Western junction with the Shenandoah Valley Railroad. However, the citizens of Lynchburg did not want the junction due to the noise and pollution it would create. Therefore, it was located in what would become the City of Roanoke.
In the late 1950s, a number of interested citizens requested to change the federal government's longstanding planned route for the interstate highway now known as I-64 between Clifton Forge and Richmond. Since the 1940's maps of the federal interstate highway system depicted that highway taking a northern route, with no interstate highway running through Lynchburg. The state highway commission's minutes reflected its approval of the northern route. Although the proponents of a southern route succeeded in persuading a majority of Virginia Highway Commissioners to support the change after a study, in July 1961 Governor Lindsay Almond and U.S. Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges announced that the route would not be changed. This left Lynchburg as the only city with a population in excess of 50,000 (at the time) not served by an interstate.
Lynchburg is sometimes referred to as "A City Unto Itself", in part due to geographic and cultural isolation, but mostly in reference to the city's historical avoidance of State and Federal entanglements. The phrase was the title of a history book by columnist Darrell Laurant.
For several decades throughout the mid-20th century, the state of Virginia authorized compulsory sterilization of the mentally retarded for the purpose of eugenics which was carried out at the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded, now known as the Central Virginia Training School, located just outside of Lynchburg. An estimated 8,300 Virginians were sterilized and relocated to Lynchburg, known as a "dumping ground" of sorts for the feeble-minded, poor, blind, epilectic, and those somehow otherwise seen as genetically "unfit"
Sterilizations were carried out for 35 years until 1972, when operations were finally halted. Later in the late 1970s the American Civil Liberties Union filed a class-action lawsuit against the state of Virginia on behalf of the sterilization victims. As a result of this suit the victims were recompensed only through formal apology and provision of counseling. Requests to grant the victims reverse sterilization operations were denied.
Carrie Buck, the plaintiff in the United States Supreme Court Case Buck v. Bell, was ordered to undergo compulsory sterilization for purportedly being "feeble-minded" as part of the state of Virginia's eugenics program while a patient at Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded in Lynchburg...
Notable residents:
Lynchburg was the home of Carter Glass, who sat for many years in Congress as a representative and Senator of the Democratic Party in the early 20th century, served as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under Woodrow Wilson, and co-sponsored a bill (the Glass-Steagall Act), which created FDIC insurance and, from 1932 until its repeal in 1999, prohibited U.S. commercial banks from affiliating with investment banks (securities firms).
Lynchburg is the hometown of the late televangelist Jerry Falwell, senior pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church and founder of the "Moral Majority" in the early 1980s. He also established Liberty Baptist College, now known as Liberty University.
It was also the birthplace of Charlie Thomas, an American rhythm and blues singer best known for his work with The Drifters and a member of the Rock n' Roll Hall of Fame, and Donna Andrews, an American golfer who won six titles on the LPGA Tour between 1993 and 1998, including one major championship, the 1994 Nabisco Dinah Shore. Other notable residents include:
* Daniel Weissiger Adams (1820-1872), born in Lynchburg, noted lawyer and Confederate Army officer
* Carl Anderson (singer) (1945–2004) was a singer and actor best known for portrayal of Judas Iscariot in the Broadway and film versions of the rock opera by Andrew Lloyd-Webber, Jesus Christ Superstar.
* Dylan Baker, Actor (The Murder of Mary Phagan)
* Greg Best, born in Lynchburg, Olympic Silver Medalist.
* Ota Benga, died in Lynchburg, (c. 1884 – March 20, 1916) was a Congolese pygmy who was featured in a 1906 exhibit at the Bronx Zoo alongside an orangutan. He was tutored by Lynchburg poet Anne Spencer and briefly attended classes at the Virginia Theological Seminary and College.
* Leslie Bibb, An American actress and former fashion model.
* Connie Britton, Actress: Friday Night Lights, Spin City, 24
* Cornell Brown, Professional (NFL) Football Player for the Baltimore Ravens Super Bowl Winning Team (2000)
* Ruben Brown, Professional (NFL) Football Player
* Bill Chambers, NCAA men's basketball record holder for rebounds in a single game (51) while playing for the College of William & Mary
* Anthony Clark, Comedian
* Romeo Crennel,(1947), An American football player and is currently the head coach of the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League.
* Desmond T. Doss (January 17, 1919 – March 23, 2006) was the first conscientious objector to receive the Medal of Honor
* Dc Talk, A Christian rock band formed in the late 1980s by Toby McKeehan, Kevin Max, and Michael Tait.
* Jubal Early, (1816-1894), died in Lynchburg, Lt. Gen. of the Confederate Army
* Martha Elcan, born in Lynchburg, Director ("Next of Kin") and Assistant Director ("Six Feet Under," "Driving Miss Daisy," "Steel Magnolias") in Film and Television
* Escape Velocity, a pop/rock band formed in
* Charles Browne Fleet, (1843-1916), inventor of the laxative and ChapStick. Founded C.B. Fleet, producing laxatives, enemas, Chapstick, and douches.
* Bernhard Gutmann, (1869-1936), painter of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist landscapes, still lifes, figure paintings, and genre scenes as well as a graphic artist, an illustrator, an inspiring teacher, and a significant influence on the development of regional art centers in Virginia and Connecticut.
* Douglas Southall Freeman, (1886-1953), born in Lynchburg, Journalist and Historian
* Charles Haley, (1964), born in Lynchburg, Professional Football Player. The only player in NFL history to be on five Super Bowl-winning teams.
* Keith Hamilton, born in Lynchburg, Professional Football Player for the New York Giants who played in Super Bowl XXXV
* Earl Hamner (1923), An American television writer and producer, best known for his work in the 1970s and 1980s on the long-running series The Waltons and Falcon Crest.
* Eli Harris, (1976), born in Lynchburg, Actor: The Nanny Diaries
* Brandon Inge, Professional Baseball Player for the Detroit Tigers
* William A. Johnson, Jr., former Mayor of Rochester, NY. Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at the Rochester Institute of Technology
* Luke Jordan, (1892-1952), singer, guitarist and pioneer of east-coast style blues
* Paris Lenon, (1977, An American football linebacker for the Detroit Lions of the NFL.
* George G. Loving, Jr. Lt. General, USAF, WWII Fighter Ace, Author "Woodbine Red Leader."
* Charles Lynch (1736–1796), brother of founder John Lynch, Patriot in American Revolution, source of word "lynching"
* Leland D. Melvin, Astronaut
* Faith Prince, Actress
* Lucius Shepard, Writer of Science Fiction and Fantasy
* Sam Sloan, author, chess expert, book publisher, securities trader
* Anne Spencer, Poet and Social Activist
* Kenan Thompson, (1978), An American television and film actor. Although born in Atlanta, Georgia, Kenan considers Lynchburg his hometown as his family lives in the area.
* Allen G. Thurman, (1813-1895), born in Lynchburg, Democratic Representative and Senator for Ohio
* Skeet Ulrich, (1970), born in Lynchburg, Actor: Jericho
* Samuel Untermyer, (1858-1940), born in Lynchburg, Lawyer and civic leader
* Ricky Van Shelton, Country Music Singer
* Ray Pillow, Country music singer and publisher
* Sheldon Vanauken, Author and personal friend of CS Lewis
* Phil Vassar, Country Music Singer
* Bransford Vawter, The first poet of Lynchburg
* Charles Vess (born 1951) is an American fantasy artist and comic-book illustrator who has specialized in the illustration of myths and fairy tales. He has won several awards.
* George H. Walker, (1811-1866), born in Lynchburg, Mayor and one founder of Milwaukee, Wisconsin
* Randall Wallace, Writer and movie director whose works include Braveheart and Pearl Harbor.
* Robert E. Withers, U.S. Senator from Virginia and U.S. Consul to Hong Kong.
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