Existing comment:
Compelling Tactics 1913–1916
On March 3, 1913, thousands of American women made history as the first nonviolent political group to march on the capital en masse. Alice Paul introduced militancy to the women's suffrage movement with compelling tactics like parades and protests. Her group split off from the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and formed what eventually was called the National Woman's Party (NWP). Paul and her followers focused on lobbying nationally for a federal amendment. By contrast, Carrie Chapman Catt, the leader of NAWSA, pursued the strategy of state-by-state referendums. Both groups continued to exclude women of color, who in turn persevered to work within their own frameworks for universal citizenship rights. |