MDHSDV_191103_041
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Population of the State of Maryland According to the Federal Census of 1860

Maryland's environmental and economic diversity affected the rates of enslavement throughout the state. Economic activities such as farming, milling, ironworking, ship building, and craft production impacted the population in each area and the types of labor enslaved and free people performed. Use this map to explore the demographics of white, enslaved, and free black Marylanders across the state.
Which economic activities do you think used the most enslaved labor? Where might there have been opportunities for free African Americans? Which counties have the highest number of enslaved individuals? Can you see where the proportions of enslaved to slaveholders are the highest? Are they rural or urban counties?
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