Existing comment:
The Chesapeake Campaign:
During the first two years of the War of 1812, the conflict seemed far removed from the citizens of Prince George's County. Great Britain overthrew Napoleon in April 1814; consolidated its forces against the United States and the fighting moved down the Atlantic coast towards the Chesapeake Bay.
The Chesapeake Bay region was a center of international trade, shipbuilding, maritime related commerce and government during the 18th and 19th centuries. In addition, the excellent soil, favorable climate and extensive navigate waters were the foundation of a thriving agricultural economy. As such, it became a target of British military strategy during the War of 1812.
Privateers:
During the War of 1812, President James Madison attempted to supplement the small size of the US Navy by issuing Letters of Marquee and Reprisal to private ship owners. This document allowed its holder to arm his vessel and act as a privateer, or, in essence, a legal pirate, representing the United States. Privateers were permitted to prey upon the merchant fleet of Great Britain, and take captured cargo and vessels as prizes. By legalized privateers, the government could mobilize armed ships and sailors without having to spend public money or commit naval officers. They could also raise much needed revenue by taxing the goods seized by the privateers.
American privateers, many of them sailing out of Chesapeake Bay in Baltimore Clippers captured or sank some 1,700 British merchant vessels during the war. |