DC -- GWU -- Museum and Textile Museum -- Exhibit: Life on Pennsylvania Avenue:
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Description of Pictures: Life on Pennsylvania Avenue
Through March 25, 2023
Take a walk down Pennsylvania Avenue through photographs, prints and artifacts from the Albert H. Small Washingtoniana Collection. From the White House to the Capitol, this exhibition explores the federal buildings and businesses that lined America’s Main Street during the 19th century.
About the Exhibition
Often called "America's Main Street" and L'Enfant's "Grand Avenue," Pennsylvania Avenue cuts diagonally across Washington, D.C., from Georgetown to Maryland. Life on Pennsylvania Avenue explores the street's historic and ceremonial heart – a mile-long stretch between the White House and Capitol – during the 19th century.
The stretch of road was an integral part of the city from the very beginning. Peter (Pierre) L’Enfant envisioned it as a symbolic and physical connection between buildings representing two of the branches of government. It was also the widest street in the city, designed to easily host parades and processions. By the end of the 19th century, it was lined with poplar trees, gaslights and two sets of tram tracks.
This exhibition highlights some of the buildings, parks and businesses that shaped Pennsylvania Avenue during this period. An eye-catching advertisement promotes Hamburger & Sons, a men’s clothing store run by German immigrants. An 1889 photograph captures crowds gathering outside National Hotel to witness the aftermath of record flooding downtown. Artifacts on display also tell the story of the National Hotel’s main competitor, Willard’s Hotel, and its founder Henry Augustus Willard.
This exhibition is organized by the Albert H. Small Center for National Capital Area Studies with support from the Albert and Shirley Small Family Foundation.
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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.
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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
GWPENN_221020_011.JPG: Map of Penn
GWPENN_221020_017.JPG: Washington
Artist John Rubens Smith depicts Pennsylvania Avenue looking west from the Capitol, and reminds us that green space prevailed in early 19th-centiury DC. During his presidency, Thomas Jefferson had the idea to plant poplar trees to help define the major avenues. Later, elm, sycamore, linden, oak, and maple trees filled out the foliage, visible here.
John Rubens Smith, artist
John B. Neagle, engraver
1834
GWPENN_221020_022.JPG: President's House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW is the most famous address in America and the home of every president except George Washington. The White House, seen here being passed casually by pedestrians, a carriage, and people on horseback on Penn. Ave, has become a symbol of the power and statesmanship of the Presidential office.
August Kollner, artist
c 1850
GWPENN_221020_029.JPG: Lafayette Square
Lafayette Square consists of seven acres across Pennsylvania Avenue from the White House. This hand-colored print shows the curved paths designed by famed landscape architect Andrew Jackson Downing. After the Civil War, Lafayette Park became a significant residential neighborhood, lined by houses of DC's elite. Several private entitles such as banks and theatres also established their presence near the Square.
Commissioners of the District of Columbia
1886
GWPENN_221020_035.JPG: Willard's Hotel, J.F. Cake, Proprietor, Washington DC
The Daily Graphic, May 4, 1876
GWPENN_221020_039.JPG: Stock Certificate
The American Security and Trust Company Building is located at 1501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. The building seen here is not the Penn Ave building, but rather the bank's headquarters. The Trust was founded in Alexandria in 1889, and moved its headquarters to G Street NW in 1890. It grew rapidly and moved to Penn in 1905. It was the second trust company established in DC, and the first to offer a woman's department.
WM Mann Co., engraver
1895
GWPENN_221020_043.JPG: Check
The Riggs National Bank was located at 1503 Pennsylvania Avenue NW just off Lafayette Square. The main entrance is depicted here. Founded in 1840 by George Washington Riggs and William Wilson Corcoran, four years later it was selected as the only federal depository in DC. Over more than 100 years, 23 US Presidents banked at Riggs, earning it the nickname "Bank of Presidents." This check was taken on the account of William Bate, former Major General of the Confederate States of America.
Riggs National Bank issuer, 1905
GWPENN_221020_051.JPG: Office of a Fashionable Hotel at the Meeting of Congress
The top half of this page of Harper's Weekly depicts, through words and an image, a fashionable hotel in Washington DC, when Congress is in session. In the article, Paul Polkafoot describes his experiences at the Willard Hotel, his hotel of choice. He also briefly brings up the differences in ownership and experience at various DC hotels.
Harper's Weekly, December 18, 1858
GWPENN_221020_064.JPG: Financial Ledger of Henry Augustus Willard
This ledger records profits and losses of some 30 buildings owned by Henry A. Willard. Most are downtown DC apartments, houses, or hotels, but his summer house in Nantucket Island, MA, is included as well.
Henry A. Willard manuscript, 1897-1909
GWPENN_221020_074.JPG: Henry Augustus Willard
(1822-1909)
GWPENN_221020_079.JPG: Our National Capital, View from the South
Center Market is seen in the center of this print, between Pennsylvania and Constitution Avenues. This building opened in 1871, but Center Market had long been a commercial hub of Washington DC, and was frequented by Thomas Jefferson during his presidency. The new Adolf Cluss designed market was the largest market hall in the country at the time. The building was demolished in 1931 and replaced by the National Archives Building.
Theodore R. Davis, Artist, after photo by William Henry Jackson
Harper's Weekly, May 20, 1882
GWPENN_221020_083.JPG: Opening of the Metropolitan Mechanics' Institute Fair, Washington City
The mechanics of Washington erected this building on the corner of Seventh Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW to capitalize on the crowds that came to town for President Buchanan's 1857 inauguration. Known as the "Metropolitan Mechanics' Institute Fair," the mechanics wanted to showcase their ingenuity and no place had more foot traffic than Penn Ave. The crowds seen in this image show that they were successful in their goal.
Joseph H. Brightly, engraver
Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
March 21, 1857
GWPENN_221020_089.JPG: Market Square, ca 1900
This postcard from 1984 reprints a view of Central Market at the turn of the 20th century. Women buy produce from a stall on Pennsylvania Avenue, as pedestrians and a street car pass in the background.
Dover Publishing, 1984
GWPENN_221020_093.JPG: The Young Men's Christian Association Building, Washington, DC
Founded in 1852, the Washington branch of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) was a cultural and social center in the city, providing lectures and ministry to the residents of DC. The building seen here, designed by Adolf Cluss in 1867, was the organization's first stand-alone headquarters. Just months after this image was published, a YMCA in DC was the first to build a gymnasium.
L.E. Walker, photographer
Harper's Weekly
May 8, 1869
GWPENN_221020_104.JPG: View of Washington City
Edward Sachse, artist
c 1860
GWPENN_221020_107.JPG: Hamburger & Sons
A barrel decorated with roses and the view of a man on a bridge make for an eye catching advertisement for Hamburger & Sons. Hamburger & Sons was a men's clothing store. Why the business owners chose this style for their ad is unknown. The address, 615 Pennsylvania Avenue NW "under Metropolitan Hotel," is listed on the reverse side as are the prices for men's clothing.
Color lithograph, c 1890
GWPENN_221020_115.JPG: Boyd's Directory of the District of Columbia
An advertisement for Casimir Bohn's print shop on Pennsylvania Avenue can be seen here on the bottom left page. City directories were like phonebooks before phones, they included the names, addresses, and occupations of city residents as well as advertisements for local businesses. Notice that Bohn's ad is printed in German too, giving hints to the background of residents of DC and his customers.
W.H. Boyd, publisher, 1865
GWPENN_221020_121.JPG: Casimir Bohn
(1816-1883)
GWPENN_221020_127.JPG: Abraham Lincoln
Alexander Gardner, taken 1863
GWPENN_221020_131.JPG: Alexander Gardner
(1821-1882)
GWPENN_221020_137.JPG: Gardner's corner shop, advertising virtually every type of image available at the time.
Gardner's Gallery, Alexander Gardner, 1864.
GWPENN_221020_140.JPG: Self-portrait, Alexander Gardner, c 1860
GWPENN_221020_144.JPG: National Hotel, Washington City
Francis Scott Key, Washington lawyer and author of the "Star-Spangled Banner," ran up this bill for $5.62 at the National Hotel in 1837. The reason for his stay remains unknown, as Key lived just two blocks away at the time. The bill features an engraving of the hotel on the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth Street NW with a stagecoach full of weary travelers pulling in.
John Rubens Smith, artist
JB Longacre, engraver
1837
GWPENN_221020_151.JPG: Flood on Pennsylvania Avenue
This view of Pennsylvania Avenue was taken after record flooding due to rain on June 1 and 2, 1889. Parts of downtown were submerged under up to four feet of water. Crowds gather outside National Hotel to witness the aftermath. National Hotel opened in 1826 and was the main competitor of the Willard Hotel. It was used mostly by southerners, like President Andrew Jackson and James K. Polk.
1889
GWPENN_221020_164.JPG: Capitol of the United States
Pedestrians and horse-riders take advantage of Pennsylvania Avenue just below the Capitol Building. Where Penn meets the grounds of the Capitol stand 5 to 16 gateposts designed by Charles Bulfinch. These gate posts were later scattered around the city, one can be found at Constitution Avenue and 15th Street NW. Five years after this print was published the government opened a competition for the expansion of the building.
Alfred Jones, 1845
GWPENN_221020_167.JPG: District of Columbia Bicentennial
Issued to commemorate the bicentennial of George Washington's choice of the site for the national capital, these stamps offer a view of Pennsylvania Avenue at the turn of the 20th century. Looking east from the Treasury Department with the Capitol in the distance, the artist placed a yellow city streetcar in the foreground, emphasizing the working city. The choice of Penn for this commemorative image highlights its iconic role in DC.
United States Postal Service, 1991
GWPENN_221020_186.JPG: Processions on Penn
GWPENN_221020_189.JPG: In the 20th century, Penn would become a stage for political activation. Seen here, thousands of women march in the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession, the first organized march on DC for a political reason.
GWPENN_221020_200.JPG: President Lincoln's Funeral Procession in Washington City
Abraham Lincoln's funeral procession is seen moving down Pennsylvania Avenue from a viewpoint at 15th Street. Typically, processions on the avenue go from the Capitol to the White House. However, this procession moves from the White House to Capitol so Lincoln's body could lay in state. Two days later the procession continued by train to return Lincoln's body home to Springfield, Illinois. The number of soldiers and onlookers shows the grief the entire nation was feeling.
Harper's Weekly, May 6, 1865
GWPENN_221020_209.JPG: The Inauguration of President Garfield
Eleven tourists stand around the top of the Capitol's dome and view the parade down Pennsylvania Avenue in the distance during the inauguration of President James A. Garfield.
Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, March 19, 1881
GWPENN_221020_222.JPG: Grand Parade and Review of the Union Armies, Washington, May 22 and 23, 1865
After five weeks of mourning the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the government deemed it appropriate to finally celebrate the victory of the Union Army during the Civil War. Pennsylvania Avenue hosted a two-day review of the victorious armies. Crowds lined the avenue to watch the Union troops march past, here we see them pass the Willard Hotel.
From the painting by James E. Taylor, 1881
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2022 photos: This year included major setbacks -- including Putin's invasion of Ukraine and the Supreme Court imposing the evangelical version of sharia law -- but also some steps forward like the results of the midterms.
This website had its 20th anniversary in August, 2022.
Equipment this year: I continued to use my Fuji XS-1 cameras but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000.
Trips this year:
(February) a visit to see Dad and Dixie in Asheville, NC with some other members of my family,
(July) a trip out west for the return of San Diego Comic-Con, and
(October) a long weekend in New York to cover New York Comic-Con.
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