BGuthrie Photos: DC -- U.S. Botanic Garden -- Exhibit: Christmas (2022) -- Farming Scenes (Year 2)

DC -- U.S. Botanic Garden -- Exhibit: Christmas (2022) -- Farming Scenes (Year 2):

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Description of Pictures: Outdoor Train Display

Model train display with trains circling a miniature barn, corn, and wheat farmThis year, the outdoor holiday display will include a train display in the gated outdoor gardens, with trains running from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. between Nov. 24, 2022, and Jan. 2, 2023, closed Dec. 25. The trains will run through a display of agricultural scenes from across the United States and around the world, all made from plant parts. Tickets are not required to view the trains or any part of the USBG's outdoor holiday display, and the train display may not run during inclement weather.

The farming scenes made from plant parts include:
* Orange Grove, Florida, United States, North America
* Cranberry Bog, Massachusetts, United States, North America
* Terrace Farming, Rice and Lentils, Nepal, Asia
* Hillside Vineyard, Grapes, South Australia, Australia
* Indoor Vertical Farming, Finland, Europe
* Coffee-Banana-Sweet Potato Cropping System, Uganda, Africa
* Sorghum-Millet-Cowpea Cropping System, Mali, Africa
* Olive Grove, Spain, Europe
* Potato Farm and Machu Picchu, Peru, South America
* Onion Farm, Mexico, North America
* Rooftop Urban Farm, Illinois, United States, North America
* Artichoke Farm, California, United States, North America
* Wheat and Corn Farm, Kansas, United States, North America

There are also six pollinators made from plant materials outside the building:
* Ruby-throated Hummingbird
* Bumblebee
* Lesser Long-nosed Bat
* Blue-tailed Day Gecko
* Tranes Weevil
* Swallowtail Butterfly

And of course the Monuments of Washington, DC inside the building:
* Albert Einstein Memorial
* Fountain of Light and Water (Bartholdi Fountain)
* Jefferson Memorial
* Library Of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Building
* Lincoln Memorial
* Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (model added in 2021)
* National Gallery of Art, East Building (model added in 2021)
* National Museum Of African American History And Culture
* National Museum Of The American Indian
* Smithsonian Institution, The Castle
* U.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory
* U.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory Palm House, 1867-1933 (model added in 2021)
* U.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory, 1850-1933 (model added in 2021)
* U.S. Capitol
* U.S. Capitol Grounds and Arboretum, Summerhouse (model added in 2021)
* U.S. Supreme Court
* Union Station
* Washington Monument
* White House

Recognize anyone? If you recognize specific folks (or other stuff) and I haven't labeled them, please identify them for the world. Click the little pencil icon

underneath the file name (just above the picture). Spammers need not apply.

Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. BOTX_221124_046.JPG: Blue-Tailed Day Gecko
2. BOTX_221124_049.JPG: Blue-Tailed Day Gecko Geckos play an important role as pollinators in some isolated island ecosystems. These small lizards feed on nectar and, as a byproduct, carry pollen with them from plant to plant.
3. BOTX_221124_059.JPG: Bumblebee
4. BOTX_221124_068.JPG: Bumblebee Bees have evolved the closest relationship with flowering plants out of any pollinator, relying on flower material for food throughout their lifetime. Bumblebees are social bees native to North American. There are 4,000 native bee species in North America, most of which are solitary and do not produce honey.
5. BOTX_221124_074.JPG: Ruby-Throated Hummingbird
6. BOTX_221124_078.JPG: Ruby-Throated Hummingbird Hummingbirds consume several times their weight in nectar each day. These tiny birds use their good eyesight, long beaks, and tongues to investigate brightly colored, tubular flowers like trumpet vine and hibiscus species. While probing for nectar, hummingbirds inadvertently collect pollen on their heads, transferring it from flower to flower.
7. BOTX_221124_088.JPG: Lesser Long-Nosed Bat
8. BOTX_221124_096.JPG: Lesser Long-Nosed Bat Bats are nocturnal and attracted to light-colored, sweet-smelling flowers with lots of nectar. Particularly important in deserts and wet tropical habitats, bats pollinate plants such as saguaros, agaves, and bananas.
9. BOTX_221124_105.JPG: Tranes Weevil
10. BOTX_221124_115.JPG: Trans Weevil Weevils and other types of beetles are called "mess and soil" pollinators because they often eat their way through outer flower parts and use blooms as bathrooms. Weevils have pollinated cycads for 300 million years, and today beetles are important pollinators of more than half of all flowering plant species!
11. BOTX_221124_121.JPG: Swallowtail Butterfly
12. BOTX_221124_123.JPG: Swallowtail Butterfly While butterflies visit flowers to collect nectar, pollen sticks to their bodies along the way. If you love seeing butterflies in your garden, grow plants in the sunflower, milkweed, and carrot families.
13. BOTX_221124_144.JPG: Sorghum-Millet-Cowpea Cropping System Mali, Africa Cowpea (...), also known as black-eyed pea, is a legume and can fix nitrogen in the soil, reducing the need for expensive fertilizers. Sorghum (...) and millet (...) are staple grains well-suited to the arid growing conditions in West Africa. Growing these three different crops allows farmers to reduce risk of crop failure and maximize productivity.
14. BOTX_221124_152.JPG: Coffee-Banana-Sweet Potato Cropping System Uganda, Africa Coffee (...) is an important export crop in East Africa, primarily grown by smallholder farmers. To prepare the coffee for export, the fleshy pulp around the fruit is removed and the seeds (coffee "beans") are washed and then dried. Banana (...) plants provide shade for the coffee, improving coffee quality. Sweet potato (...) is intercropped with the coffee, providing addition income and food for the household.
15. BOTX_221124_167.JPG: Wheat and Corn Farm Kansas, United States, North America Sometimes called the Corn Belt, the Midwest is an intense area of agriculture for the US and the world. The US produced over 40% of the world's corn, which can be used to make hundreds of products from fuel to food. The average farm size in Kansas is large, about 781 acres, and most farmers use machinery and technology to plant, maintain, and harvest their crops.
16. BOTX_221124_173.JPG: Orange Grove Florida, United States, North America Growers in Florida plant many different varieties of oranges (...) and their relatives. Around 90% of the oranges grown in Florida are turned into juice!
17. BOTX_221124_180.JPG: Artichoke Farm California, United States, North America Artichokes (...) were domesticated from wild cardoon, a plant native to the Mediterranean. When you eat artichoke "leaves," you are eating the fleshy base of bracts growing at the base of the immature inflorescence (flower bud). The artichoke "heart" is the base of the inflorescence and is the part of the stem where the flowers are attached.
18. BOTX_221124_185.JPG: Farming Around the World Welcome! Explore this diverse showcase of farm scene models made from plant parts. The plants you eat were bred, grown, sold, and transported from farms locally and globally. What kinds of farms produce the foods you eat?
19. BOTX_221124_202.JPG: Onion Farm Mexico, North America The chinampas or "floating gardens" of Xochimilco, a borough of Mexico City, have been an important element of local agricultural practices since Aztec times. These islands were built by farmers by bringing up mud from the lake bottom, developing very fertile soil. The islands supply fresh vegetables to densely populated Mexico City. This model shows an onion (...) field, but chinampas can support a variety of crops.
20. BOTX_221124_222.JPG: Terrace Farming, Rice and Lentils Nepal, Asia Rice (...) and lentils (...) are grown in rotation on terraced hillsides in Nepal -- rice is grown as the summer crop, followed by lentils in winter. The average farm size in Nepal is small, about 1.7 acres, and most farmers use hand and animal labor to plant their crops.
21. BOTX_221124_233.JPG: Hillside Vineyard, Grapes South Australia, Australia This vineyard and building are modeled after a vineyard in South Australia, growing several grape (...) varieties. Climate change is impacting grape production in Australia and other grape-growing areas. Growers must content with heatwaves, drought, fire, and salinity, which can all impact grape yield and quality. Growers use different strategies to conserve water, build soil organic matter, and manage pests and diseases.
22. BOTX_221124_244.JPG: Olive Grove Spain, Europe Olive trees (...) can grow to be very old -- some are estimated to be over 3,000 years old. Most olives are too bitter to be eaten directly from the tree. They are cured and fermented to remove the bitterness. Olive oil is pressed from the fruit, which can contain 20-40% oil.
23. BOTX_221124_254.JPG: Indoor Vertical Farming Finland, Europe Leafy greens, herbs, strawberries, and edible flowers can be produced year-round in indoor farms. Automated climate control software continuously monitors the microclimate to ensure optimal growing conditions. Crops grown indoors can ripen twice as fast and use significantly (up to 95%) less water than crops grown outdoors. Vertical indoor farms provide valuable growing space in urban areas where land may be scarce.
24. BOTX_221124_279.JPG: Sorghum-Millet-Cowpea Cropping System Mali, Africa Cowpea (...), also known as black-eyed pea, is a legume and can fix nitrogen in the soil, reducing the need for expensive fertilizers. Sorghum (...) and millet (...) are staple grains well-suited to the arid growing conditions in West Africa. Growing these three different crops allows farmers to reduce risk of crop failure and maximize productivity.
25. BOTX_221124_281.JPG: Coffee-Banana-Sweet Potato Cropping System Uganda, Africa Coffee (...) is an important export crop in East Africa, primarily grown by smallholder farmers. To prepare the coffee for export, the fleshy pulp around the fruit is removed and the seeds (coffee "beans") are washed and then dried. Banana (...) plants provide shade for the coffee, improving coffee quality. Sweet potato (...) is intercropped with the coffee, providing addition income and food for the household.
26. BOTX_221124_286.JPG: Rooftop-Urban Farm Illinois, United States, North America Most vegetables and many fruits can be grown in rooftop gardens. The Chicago Botanic Garden runs a rooftop farm at McCormick Place in Chicago growing vegetables, fruits, herbs, microgreens, and hops. The produce harvested from this operation goes into food service operations for the building and local farmers markets.
27. BOTX_221124_290.JPG: Cranberry Bog Massachusetts, United States, North America Cranberry (...) is native to swamps and bogs of northeastern North America. When the berries are ready to harvest, the field are flooded and the fruit are gently knocked into the water before being corralled and collected. Native Americans traditionally harvested wild cranberries for use in cooking, dyes, and medicines.
28. BOTX_221124_343.JPG: U.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory
29. BOTX_221124_349.JPG: National Museum of the American Indian
30. BOTX_221124_353.JPG: National Museum of African American History & Culture
31. BOTX_221124_367.JPG: Monuments of Washington, DC Explore monuments and buildings from around the District made from many different plant parts. Each building is a unique masterpiece constructed on a frame of acrylic-based foam. Casting resin is poured into window cutouts, wall surfaces are finished with sand-based grout, and distinctive architectural details are fashioned from dried plant materials.
32. BOTX_221124_371.JPG: Smithsonian Castle
33. BOTX_221124_378.JPG: Jefferson Memorial
34. BOTX_221124_387.JPG: Lincoln Memorial
35. BOTX_221124_402.JPG: White House
36. BOTX_221124_412.JPG: Washington Monument
37. BOTX_221124_417.JPG: National Gallery of Art, East Building
38. BOTX_221124_440.JPG: Albert Einstein Memorial
39. BOTX_221124_451.JPG: U.S. Supreme Court
40. BOTX_221124_462.JPG: Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial
41. BOTX_221124_472.JPG: These aren't documented but they are models of the USS Vincennes and USS Porpoise that were part of the Wilkes Expedition. -- United States Exploring Expedition From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands conducted by the United States. The original appointed commanding officer was Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones. Funding for the original expedition was requested by President John Quincy Adams in 1828; however, Congress would not implement funding until eight years later. In May 1836, the oceanic exploration voyage was finally authorized by Congress and created by President Andrew Jackson. The expedition is sometimes called the U.S. Ex. Ex. for short, or the Wilkes Expedition in honor of its next appointed commanding officer, United States Navy Lieutenant Charles Wilkes. The expedition was of major importance to the growth of science in the United States, in particular the then-young field of oceanography. During the event, armed conflict between Pacific islanders and the expedition was common and dozens of natives were killed in action, as well as a few Americans.
42. BOTX_221124_481.JPG: U.S. Capitol Grounds and Arboretum, Summerhouse
43. BOTX_221124_491.JPG: Fountain of Light and Water
44. BOTX_221124_501.JPG: U.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory Palm House, 1867-1933
45. BOTX_221124_512.JPG: U.S. Botanic Garden Conservatory, 1850-1933
46. BOTX_221124_545.JPG: Union Station
47. BOTX_221124_582.JPG: U.S. Capitol
48. BOTX_221126_052.JPG: Olive Grove Spain, Europe Olive trees (...) can grow to be very old -- some are estimated to be over 3,000 years old. Most olives are too bitter to be eaten directly from the tree. They are cured and fermented to remove the bitterness. Olive oil is pressed from the fruit, which can contain 20-40% oil.
49. BOTX_221126_075.JPG: Olive Grove Spain, Europe Olive trees (...) can grow to be very old -- some are estimated to be over 3,000 years old. Most olives are too bitter to be eaten directly from the tree. They are cured and fermented to remove the bitterness. Olive oil is pressed from the fruit, which can contain 20-40% oil.
50. BOTX_221126_096.JPG: Hillside Vineyard, Grapes South Australia, Australia This vineyard and building are modeled after a vineyard in South Australia, growing several grape (...) varieties. Climate change is impacting grape production in Australia and other grape-growing areas. Growers must content with heatwaves, drought, fire, and salinity, which can all impact grape yield and quality. Growers use different strategies to conserve water, build soil organic matter, and manage pests and diseases.
51. BOTX_221126_100.JPG: Hillside Vineyard, Grapes South Australia, Australia This vineyard and building are modeled after a vineyard in South Australia, growing several grape (...) varieties. Climate change is impacting grape production in Australia and other grape-growing areas. Growers must content with heatwaves, drought, fire, and salinity, which can all impact grape yield and quality. Growers use different strategies to conserve water, build soil organic matter, and manage pests and diseases.
52. BOTX_221126_116.JPG: Indoor Vertical Farming Finland, Europe Leafy greens, herbs, strawberries, and edible flowers can be produced year-round in indoor farms. Automated climate control software continuously monitors the microclimate to ensure optimal growing conditions. Crops grown indoors can ripen twice as fast and use significantly (up to 95%) less water than crops grown outdoors. Vertical indoor farms provide valuable growing space in urban areas where land may be scarce.
53. BOTX_221126_117.JPG: Indoor Vertical Farming Finland, Europe Leafy greens, herbs, strawberries, and edible flowers can be produced year-round in indoor farms. Automated climate control software continuously monitors the microclimate to ensure optimal growing conditions. Crops grown indoors can ripen twice as fast and use significantly (up to 95%) less water than crops grown outdoors. Vertical indoor farms provide valuable growing space in urban areas where land may be scarce.
54. BOTX_221126_127.JPG: Sorghum-Millet-Cowpea Cropping System Mali, Africa Cowpea (...), also known as black-eyed pea, is a legume and can fix nitrogen in the soil, reducing the need for expensive fertilizers. Sorghum (...) and millet (...) are staple grains well-suited to the arid growing conditions in West Africa. Growing these three different crops allows farmers to reduce risk of crop failure and maximize productivity.
55. BOTX_221126_132.JPG: Sorghum-Millet-Cowpea Cropping System Mali, Africa Cowpea (...), also known as black-eyed pea, is a legume and can fix nitrogen in the soil, reducing the need for expensive fertilizers. Sorghum (...) and millet (...) are staple grains well-suited to the arid growing conditions in West Africa. Growing these three different crops allows farmers to reduce risk of crop failure and maximize productivity.
56. BOTX_221126_148.JPG: Coffee-Banana-Sweet Potato Cropping System Uganda, Africa Coffee (...) is an important export crop in East Africa, primarily grown by smallholder farmers. To prepare the coffee for export, the fleshy pulp around the fruit is removed and the seeds (coffee "beans") are washed and then dried. Banana (...) plants provide shade for the coffee, improving coffee quality. Sweet potato (...) is intercropped with the coffee, providing addition income and food for the household.
57. BOTX_221126_157.JPG: Coffee-Banana-Sweet Potato Cropping System Uganda, Africa Coffee (...) is an important export crop in East Africa, primarily grown by smallholder farmers. To prepare the coffee for export, the fleshy pulp around the fruit is removed and the seeds (coffee "beans") are washed and then dried. Banana (...) plants provide shade for the coffee, improving coffee quality. Sweet potato (...) is intercropped with the coffee, providing addition income and food for the household.
58. BOTX_221126_163.JPG: Rooftop-Urban Farm Illinois, United States, North America Most vegetables and many fruits can be grown in rooftop gardens. The Chicago Botanic Garden runs a rooftop farm at McCormick Place in Chicago growing vegetables, fruits, herbs, microgreens, and hops. The produce harvested from this operation goes into food service operations for the building and local farmers markets.
59. BOTX_221126_167.JPG: Rooftop-Urban Farm Illinois, United States, North America Most vegetables and many fruits can be grown in rooftop gardens. The Chicago Botanic Garden runs a rooftop farm at McCormick Place in Chicago growing vegetables, fruits, herbs, microgreens, and hops. The produce harvested from this operation goes into food service operations for the building and local farmers markets.
60. BOTX_221126_174.JPG: Cranberry Bog Massachusetts, United States, North America Cranberry (...) is native to swamps and bogs of northeastern North America. When the berries are ready to harvest, the field are flooded and the fruit are gently knocked into the water before being corralled and collected. Native Americans traditionally harvested wild cranberries for use in cooking, dyes, and medicines.
61. BOTX_221126_177.JPG: Cranberry Bog Massachusetts, United States, North America Cranberry (...) is native to swamps and bogs of northeastern North America. When the berries are ready to harvest, the field are flooded and the fruit are gently knocked into the water before being corralled and collected. Native Americans traditionally harvested wild cranberries for use in cooking, dyes, and medicines.
62. BOTX_221126_179.JPG: Wheat and Corn Farm Kansas, United States, North America Sometimes called the Corn Belt, the Midwest is an intense area of agriculture for the US and the world. The US produced over 40% of the world's corn, which can be used to make hundreds of products from fuel to food. The average farm size in Kansas is large, about 781 acres, and most farmers use machinery and technology to plant, maintain, and harvest their crops.
63. BOTX_221126_182.JPG: Wheat and Corn Farm Kansas, United States, North America Sometimes called the Corn Belt, the Midwest is an intense area of agriculture for the US and the world. The US produced over 40% of the world's corn, which can be used to make hundreds of products from fuel to food. The average farm size in Kansas is large, about 781 acres, and most farmers use machinery and technology to plant, maintain, and harvest their crops.
64. BOTX_221126_214.JPG: Orange Grove Florida, United States, North America Growers in Florida plant many different varieties of oranges (...) and their relatives. Around 90% of the oranges grown in Florida are turned into juice!
65. BOTX_221126_218.JPG: Orange Grove Florida, United States, North America Growers in Florida plant many different varieties of oranges (...) and their relatives. Around 90% of the oranges grown in Florida are turned into juice!
66. BOTX_221126_231.JPG: Artichoke Farm California, United States, North America Artichokes (...) were domesticated from wild cardoon, a plant native to the Mediterranean. When you eat artichoke "leaves," you are eating the fleshy base of bracts growing at the base of the immature inflorescence (flower bud). The artichoke "heart" is the base of the inflorescence and is the part of the stem where the flowers are attached.
67. BOTX_221126_235.JPG: Artichoke Farm California, United States, North America Artichokes (...) were domesticated from wild cardoon, a plant native to the Mediterranean. When you eat artichoke "leaves," you are eating the fleshy base of bracts growing at the base of the immature inflorescence (flower bud). The artichoke "heart" is the base of the inflorescence and is the part of the stem where the flowers are attached.
68. BOTX_221126_245.JPG: Onion Farm Mexico, North America The chinampas or "floating gardens" of Xochimilco, a borough of Mexico City, have been an important element of local agricultural practices since Aztec times. These islands were built by farmers by bringing up mud from the lake bottom, developing very fertile soil. The islands supply fresh vegetables to densely populated Mexico City. This model shows an onion (...) field, but chinampas can support a variety of crops.
69. BOTX_221126_249.JPG: Onion Farm Mexico, North America The chinampas or "floating gardens" of Xochimilco, a borough of Mexico City, have been an important element of local agricultural practices since Aztec times. These islands were built by farmers by bringing up mud from the lake bottom, developing very fertile soil. The islands supply fresh vegetables to densely populated Mexico City. This model shows an onion (...) field, but chinampas can support a variety of crops.
70. BOTX_221126_257.JPG: Potato Farm and Machu Picchu Peru, South America Andean farmers grow many different types of potatoes (...). Incas in Peru have built farm terraces for hundreds of years. Terraces allow for growing on very steep terrain and help to conserve water. The stone walls retain heat during the day and release the heat at night, extending the growing season.
71. BOTX_221126_260.JPG: Potato Farm and Machu Picchu Peru, South America Andean farmers grow many different types of potatoes (...). Incas in Peru have built farm terraces for hundreds of years. Terraces allow for growing on very steep terrain and help to conserve water. The stone walls retain heat during the day and release the heat at night, extending the growing season.
72. BOTX_221126_287.JPG: Terrace Farming, Rice and Lentils Nepal, Asia Rice (...) and lentils (...) are grown in rotation on terraced hillsides in Nepal -- rice is grown as the summer crop, followed by lentils in winter. The average farm size in Nepal is small, about 1.7 acres, and most farmers use hand and animal labor to plant their crops.
73. BOTX_221126_298.JPG: Terrace Farming, Rice and Lentils Nepal, Asia Rice (...) and lentils (...) are grown in rotation on terraced hillsides in Nepal -- rice is grown as the summer crop, followed by lentils in winter. The average farm size in Nepal is small, about 1.7 acres, and most farmers use hand and animal labor to plant their crops.
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