BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Southeast -- Washington Navy Yard

DC -- Southeast -- Washington Navy Yard:

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[1] WNY_210731_006.JPG	[2] WNY_210731_008.JPG	[3] WNY_210731_014.JPG
[4] WNY_210731_017.JPG	[5] WNY_210731_024.JPG	[6] WNY_210731_032.JPG
[7] WNY_210731_034.JPG	[8] WNY_210731_037.JPG	[9] WNY_210731_042.JPG
[10] WNY_210731_049.JPG	[11] WNY_210731_050.JPG	[12] WNY_210731_056.JPG
[13] WNY_210731_061.JPG	[14] WNY_210731_065.JPG	[15] WNY_210731_072.JPG
[16] WNY_210731_075.JPG	[17] WNY_210731_078.JPG	[18] WNY_210731_087.JPG
[19] WNY_210731_096.JPG	[20] WNY_210731_102.JPG	[21] WNY_210731_106.JPG
[22] WNY_210731_113.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. WNY_210731_006.JPG: Behind These Walls Serving as a Temporary Federal Prison Safety The body of John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Abraham Lincoln, was brought to the Navy Yard for examination and identification aboard the USS Montauk. With the exception of Mary Surratt, the Lincoln conspirators (including Lewis Payne, shown in this picture) were temporarily imprisoned onboard the Montauk and other naval vessels before being transferred to the Washington Penitentiary for trial.
2. WNY_210731_017.JPG: Behind These Walls Functioning as the Nation's First Proving Ground Firepower During the Civil War, the Navy established its first "Experimental Battery" here, testing cannons by firing down the Anacostia River. Ballistic test pits also were created here to determine how best to defeat Confederate ironclads. The Navy's experimental test battery was relocated in 1872 first to Annapolis, Maryland, and later to Indian Head, Maryland.
3. WNY_210731_032.JPG: Peace In loving memory of our brothers and sisters
4. WNY_210731_037.JPG: Behind These Walls Functioning as the Navy's First Research and Development Center Innovation The Navy has a treasured aeronautical history. Important early activities included the first shipboard catapult test in 1912, the establishment of the world's largest wind tunnel by the Navy's Aerodynamics Laboratory, and the large wooden scale models tested during World War I. In 1939, the Navy's Aerodynamics Laboratory outgrew their space and was relocated.
5. WNY_210731_049.JPG: Washington Navy Yard 9th Street Gate
6. WNY_210731_050.JPG: Behind These Walls Receiving Honored Servicemembers and Dignitaries Honor Famous and fallen leaders have arrived at the Navy Yard including the body of James Smithson, benefactor of the Smithsonian Institution in 1904. In 1921, the Unknown Soldier from WWI was brought here before burial at Arlington National Cemetery. A generation later in 1958, the Unknown Servicemen from both World War II and the Korean War were brought to the Navy Yard before burial at Arlington National Cemetery.
7. WNY_210731_065.JPG: Behind These Walls Serving as the City's Diplomatic Gateway Diplomacy Before air travel, the Navy Yard was the ceremonial gateway to the nation's capital. In 1860, the first Japanese diplomatic mission was welcomed to the United States in an impressive pageant here. Great Britain's George VI and Queen Elizabeth (shown in this picture) arrived at the Yard to visit President Franklin Roosevelt in 1939. Many Presidential Yachts were moored at the Yard including the USS Mayflower (1905-1929), USS Sequoia (1933-1977), USS Potomac (1933-1945) and USS Williamsburg (1945-1953).
8. WNY_210731_078.JPG: Behind These Walls Teaching Sailors for the Fleet Training As the nation's first naval gunnery center, the Navy created its first gunnery school here in the 1850's. These "Top Gun" sailors learned how to operated and repair the Navy's largest ordnance, including 4-inch to 13-inch guns. In 1911, the Navy began consolidating its training program at the Naval Station Great Lakes in Illinois.
9. WNY_210731_096.JPG: Behind These Walls Serving as an Arsenal and Gun Factory Industry The first large gun foundry was erected during the Civil War at the Navy Yard. In 1886, the Navy Yard was designated the manufacturing center for all Navy ordnance. By World War II, the Yard was the largest naval ordnance in the world. In December 1945, the Washington Navy Yard was renamed the U.S. Gun Factory. Gun manufacturing ended here in 1961. In 1964, the Yard was formally redesignated as the Washington Navy Yard.
10. WNY_210731_106.JPG: Behind These Walls Functioning as a Union Stronghold Defense At the start of the Civil War, the Commandant of the Navy Yard mobilized all of the available forces -- about 350 Marines, sailors, and volunteers -- and hastily established key locations to protect the nation's capital. Additional Union troops arrived in April of 1861. Many of these troops were initially quartered behind these walls.
Wikipedia Description: Washington Navy Yard
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Washington Navy Yard is the former shipyard and ordnance plant of the United States Navy in Washington, D.C. The yard currently is a ceremonial and administrative center for the U.S. Navy, home to the Chief of Naval Operations, and is headquarters for the Naval Historical Center, the Department of Naval History, the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps, Marine Corps Institute, and numerous other naval commands. It was also former headquarters to the Marine Corps Historical Center, but it was moved in 2006 to Quantico. It is the oldest shore establishment of the U.S. Navy. The Yard was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Military history:

The land was purchased under an act of July 23, 1799. The Washington Navy Yard was established on October 2, 1799, the date the property was transferred to the Navy. The yard was built under the direction of Benjamin Stoddert, the first Secretary of the Navy, under the supervision of the yard's first commandant, Commodore Thomas Tingey, who would serve in that capacity for 29 years.

The original boundaries that were established in 1800, along 9th and M Street Southeast, are still marked by a white brick wall that surrounds the Navy Yard on the north and east sides. The next year, two additional lots were purchased. The north wall of the yard was built in 1809 along with a guardhouse. After the fire of 1814, Tingey recommended that the height of the eastern wall be increased to ten feet (3 m) because of the fire and subsequent looting.

The southern boundary of the yard was formed by the Anacostia River (then called the "Eastern Branch" of the Potomac River. The west side was undeveloped marsh. The land along the Anacostia was added to by landfill over the years as it became necessary to reclaim additional land for the yard.

During the first years, the Washington Navy Yard become the navy's largest shipbuilding and shipfitting facility, with 22 vessels constructed there, ranging from small 70-foot (21-m) gunboats to the 246-foot (75-m) steam frigate Minnesota. The Constitution came to the yard in 1812 to refit and prepare for combat action.

During the War of 1812, the Washington Navy Yard was important not only as a support facility, but was a vital strategic link in the defense of the capital city. As the British marched into Washington, holding the yard became impossible. Tingey, seeing the smoke from the burning Capitol, ordered the yard burned to prevent its capture by the enemy. Tingey's own quarters (now Quarters A) and the Latrobe gate were spared from the flames.

Following the War of 1812, the Washington Navy Yard never regained its prominence as a shipbuilding facility. The waters of the Anacostia River were too shallow to accommodate larger vessels, and the yard was deemed too inaccessible to the open sea. Thus came a shift to what was to be the character of the yard for more than a century: ordnance and technology. The yard possessed one of the earliest steam engines in the United States, and was used to manufacture anchors, chain, and steam engines for vessels of war.

During the American Civil War the yard again become an integral part of the defense of Washington. Commandant Franklin Buchanan resigned his commission to join the Confederacy, leaving the yard to Commander John A. Dahlgren. President Abraham Lincoln, who held Dahlgren in the highest esteem, was a frequent visitor. The famous ironclad Monitor was repaired at the yard after her historic battle with CSS Virginia. The Lincoln assassination conspirators were brought to the yard following their capture. The body of John Wilkes Booth was examined and identified on the monitor Montauk, moored at the yard.

Following the war, the yard continued to be the scene of technological advances. In 1886, the yard was designated the manufacturing center for all ordnance in the Navy. Commander Theodore F. Jewell was Superintendent of the Naval Gun Factory from January 1893 to February 1896. Ordnance production continued as the yard manufactured armament for the Great White Fleet and the World War I navy. The 14-inch naval railway guns used in France during World War I were manufactured at the yard.

By World War II, the yard was the largest naval ordnance plant in the world. The weapons designed and built there were used in every war in which the United States fought until the 1960s. At its peak, the yard consisted of 188 buildings on 126 acres (0.5 km�) of land and employed nearly 25,000 people. Small components for optical systems, and enormous 16-inch battleship guns were all manufactured here. In December 1945, the yard was renamed the U.S. Naval Gun Factory. Ordnance work continued for some years after World War II until finally phased out in 1961. Three years later, on July 1, 1964, the activity was redesignated the Washington Navy Yard. The deserted factory buildings began to be converted to office use.

Cultural and scientific history:

The Washington Navy Yard was the scene of many scientific developments. Robert Fulton conducted research and testing on his clockwork torpedo during the War of 1812. In 1822, Commodore John Rodgers built the country's first marine railway for the overhaul of large vessels. John A. Dahlgren developed his distinctive bottle-shaped cannon that became the mainstay of naval ordnance before the Civil War. In 1898, David W. Taylor developed a ship model testing basin which was used by the Navy and private shipbuilders to test the effect of water on new hull designs. The first shipboard aircraft catapult was tested in the Anacostia River in 1912, and a wind tunnel was completed at the yard in 1916. The giant gears for the Panama Canal locks were cast at the yard. Navy yard technicians applied their efforts to medical designs for prosthetic hands and molds for artificial eyes and teeth.

The Washington Navy Yard was the ceremonial gateway to the nation's capital. In 1860, the first Japanese diplomatic mission was welcomed to the United States in an impressive pageant at the yard. The body of World War I's Unknown Soldier was received here. Charles A. Lindbergh returned to the Navy Yard in 1927 after his famous transatlantic flight. In the 1930s, Britain's King George VI visited the yard during his Washington stay.

As of 2004, the Navy Yard houses a variety of activities. It serves as headquarters, Naval District Washington, and houses numerous support activities for the fleet and aviation communities. The Navy Museum welcomes visitors to displays of naval art and artifacts which trace the Navy's history from the Revolutionary War to the present day. The Naval Historical Center is housed in a complex of buildings known as the Dudley Knox Center for Naval History. Leutze Park is the scene of colorful ceremonies.

The destroyer Barry is a museum ship at the Washington Navy Yard, and is open to tourists. The Barry is frequently used for change of command ceremonies for naval commands in the area.
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