BGuthrie Photos: DC Heritage Trails: Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail

DC Heritage Trails: Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. TRHHH_200525_001.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 8 Education for All Gallaudet University is world renowned as the premier institution for higher education for deaf and hard of hearing students. It opened as the Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb and Blind in 1856 on land donated by former Postmaster General Amos Kendall. In 1864 Congress chartered its collegiate program, which President Abraham Lincoln signed into law. The school's current name honors Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, founder of the first school for the deaf in the United States and father of the university's first president, Edward Miner Gallaudet. Gallaudet was designated a university in 1986. Two years later the university selected its first deaf president after students, supported by faculty, staff, alumni, the national deaf community, and national leaders, demanded a "Deaf President Now!" Their effort launched a movement leading to important laws expanding access to communications, including the landmark Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990. Gallaudet students study in both American Sign Language and English at the university recognized as the center of American Deaf Culture. "Gallaudet College" is a National Historic Landmark, and the original campus (1866-1878) is in the National Register of Historic Places. Just east of the Gallaudet campus is the Trinidad neighborhood, named for the former estate of DC banker and philanthropist William Wilson Corcoran (1798-1888). Among Corcoran's legacies to his city are the former Riggs Bank, Oak Hill Cemetery, and the Corcoran Gallery of Art. In 1875 Corcoran donated Trinidad to Columbian College (George Washington University's predecessor), which sold it to Washington Brick Machine Company. Washington Brick eventually sold its property for housing lots.
2. TRHHH_200525_009.JPG: Gallaudet's College Hall, left, and Chapel Hall, seen around 1940. At right is Postmaster General Amos Kendall, who donated land for the campus, known to this day as Kendall Green.
3. TRHHH_200525_012.JPG: Amos Kendall's mansion, left, served as Gallaudet's farmhouse when the college kept a farm here, 1940.
4. TRHHH_200525_018.JPG: Gallaudet football players in a huddle, around 1950. Gallaudet players invented the huddle in 1894 to shield their sign language from opponents' view.
5. TRHHH_200525_021.JPG: Dina Toulan, left, and Christine Grymes practice signing with teaching assistant Jum Reilley in Gallaudet's summer day care center, 1988.
6. TRHHH_200525_023.JPG: Gallaudet students at Gallaudet Pharmacy at West Virginia and Florida Aves., 1950s.
7. TRHHH_200525_026.JPG: Gallaudet students at Gallaudet Pharmacy at West Virginia and Florida Aves., 1950s.
8. TRHHH_200525_029.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
9. TRHHH_200525_032.JPG: Students demand a deaf president for Gallaudet University, 1988.
10. TRHHH_200525_038.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 9 Brickyards to Buildings The Trinidad neighborhood, named for W.W. Corcoran's original estate, got its start in the 1890s after the Washington Brick Machine Company used up the clay here making bricks. With H Street filling in with houses and businesses, the company sold land for housing lots. The sturdy rowhouses that followed originally sold to white families, many of whom walked to work on H Street. Once Washington Brick closed, the American Baseball League built a short-lived ballpark on its site. The streets to your right predate Trinidad's rowhouses. Around 1900 John Fisher operated a wholesale candy business in his home at 1008 Florida Avenue. Sons John and Edward Fisher continued the family business which lasted until 1941 The Arthur Nock family owned the large house nearby at 1001 K Street. After hardware salesman Arthur died in 1930, his widow Louise took in boarders. During the Great Depression (1929-1941), hungry drifters alerted by a mark on the back door left by an earlier hobo, knew to knock for something to eat. Between 1945 and 1960, many white Washingtonians left the city. Some wanted newer, suburban-style housing. Others, after 1954, were unwilling to send their children to newly desegregated DC schools. Like many older neighborhoods, Trinidad changed very quickly from white to African American. Construction foreman Charles "Bob" Martin and family moved to Trinidad Avenue in 1948, and railroad dining car steward Joseph Strowder and his wife Korea arrived on Queen Street in 1950. They joined other newcomers to create community, leading DC's first African American Campfire Girls, a Boy Scout troop, the Trinidad Drum and Bugle Corps, and Mount Olivet Heights Civic Association. To reach Sign 10, proceed on Florida Avenue, turn right on 13th Street, and then turn left on H Street.
11. TRHHH_200525_042.JPG: Washington Senators vs. Philadelphia Phillies at American League Park northeast of Trinidad and Florida Aves., 1905.
12. TRHHH_200525_045.JPG: William Wilson Corcoran, 1867. The 1859 Boschke map shows Corcoran's Trinidad estate and Kendall Green (later Gallaudet University).
13. TRHHH_200525_053.JPG: Candy wholesaler John Fisher plays with his dog, upper right, in the backyard of his home and business at 1008 Florida Ave., above, around 1910. Granddaughter Elise can be seen in the window just left of the truck's windshield.
14. TRHHH_200525_056.JPG: Louise and Arthur Nock of 1001 K St. Above, a happy group of Nock relatives poses alongside the large family home, 1928.
15. TRHHH_200525_063.JPG: The Trinidad Boys Club team practices before winning the 1948 citywide football championship.
16. TRHHH_200525_065.JPG: Web Elementary School's Dennis Hawkins and young admirers at the Royal Family Block Club's 26th annual block party on Queen St., 1998.
17. TRHHH_200525_069.JPG: Members of the Mount Olivet Heights Civic Association at the home of Georgia Byrd on Owen Pl., about 1960. President George Boyd is standing at left.
18. TRHHH_200525_075.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
19. TRHHH_200525_086.JPG: Campfire Girls parade on Trinidad Ave. for voter registration in 1964, the first time Washingtonians could vote in a presidential election since the city's founding.
20. TRHHH_200525_088.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 10 Culture and Commerce When the Atlas Performing Arts Center opened in 2005, it gave hope to an area still recovering from the destruction following the assassination of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1968. But when K-B's Atlas movie house opened here in 1938 as one of DC's first air-conditioned theaters, this was a bustling commercial strip. The Atlas originally admitted whites only. African American movie-goers traveled elsewhere until 1943, when the Plymouth Theater opened in an old auto showroom at 1365 H Street. Then in 1953 the Supreme Court declared segregation in DC's public accommodations illegal. But H Street's shops, run by families of many nationalities, had always served all: their working-class neighbors as well as commuters. Most owners, like Meyer Greenbaum of Greenbaum's Bakery, 1361 H Street, lived above or behind the stores and worked long hours. Carroll Barber Shop opened next to Greenbaum's in 1931 as one of H Street's first African American businesses. A few years later Meyer "Mike" Kanter opened I.C. Furniture, selling used and inexpensive goods. (Kanter's son Ted switched to high-end furniture, opening Theodore's in upper Georgetown.) Beginning in 1951 Jack Napier ran Ultra-Modern Barbership at 1338 for nearly 50 years. Napier is remembered for hiring and training local young men. In the mid-1970s, Marcus Griffith made and sold his patented hair care products at Hairlox, 1315 H Street. Despite entrepreneurs' post-riots efforts, progress was slow. Then in 2002, in cooperation with H Street Community Development Corporation and the Linden Neighborhood Association, the nonprofit Atlas Performing Arts Center began its large-scale renovations and H Street began its latest revival. Discover More... Between 1981 and 2009, the northeast corner of 13th and H Streets hosted the Robert L. Christian Library. Thanks to lobbying by community members the library first opened in 1972 at 1007 H and honored the former teacher who founded the Northeast Neighborhood House. In addition to promoting literacy and academic achievement, Northeast Neighborhood House offered job training for young people, recreation, tutoring, mentorship, and day care for working parents.
21. TRHHH_200525_092.JPG: The burned-out Atlas Theater, left, and the 1300 block of H awaited redevelopment in 1988.
22. TRHHH_200525_095.JPG: Greek immigrant Anest George Koutras's Ohio Restaurant served soul food at 15th and H Sts., in the 1940s.
23. TRHHH_200525_097.JPG: Graffiti covers the Atlas box offices, 2003.
24. TRHHH_200525_099.JPG: In 2005 workers pause while pouring concrete for the Lang Theater one of four in the new performing arts center.
25. TRHHH_200525_101.JPG: Employees Richard Davis and Bill King pose in front of Mike Kanter's I.C. Furniture, 1353 H St.
26. TRHHH_200525_104.JPG: Baker's daughter Sally Greenbaum in front of the Plymouth dealership (later Plymouth Theater, and then, starting in 2002, H Street Playhouse).
27. TRHHH_200525_114.JPG: Marcus Griffith in his plant at 1313 H St. where Hairlox beauty products were made in 1987.
28. TRHHH_200525_116.JPG: Discover More... Between 1981 and 2009, the northeast corner of 13th and H Streets hosted the Robert L. Christian Library. Thanks to lobbying by community members the library first opened in 1972 at 1007 H and honored the former teacher who founded the Northeast Neighborhood House. In addition to promoting literacy and academic achievement, Northeast Neighborhood House offered job training for young people, recreation, tutoring, mentorship, and day care for working parents.
29. TRHHH_200525_125.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
30. TRHHH_200525_128.JPG: Young Atlas Theater movie fans rally to support the armed forces in World War II.
31. TRHHH_200525_133.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 11 The Hub The starburst intersection of five major roads marks this spot as a transportation hub for the neighborhood and the region. Shortly after Congress arrived in Washington in 1800, city leaders chose an old farm road to create a private toll turnpike to Bladensburg and points northeast. Its toll booth once sat at this intersection. During the War of 1812, British forces used the turnpike to reach the new capital city. Before they retreated, they had burned the Capitol, White House, and other key buildings. In 1871 District officials made the Bladensburg Turnpike into a toll-free city street. Soon Columbia Railway Co., a horse-drawn streetcar line, opened, and for 30 years linked this spot to downtown via H Street. Then the streetcar line pushed farther east along Benning Road, spurring real estate development. A new rail line took commuters from here to Baltimore or Annapolis. With so much traffic, this hub soon anchored a busy commercial area. In the early 1900s, H Street developers invited traveling circuses to use their vacant parcels so that audiences would see the area and consider buying here. A tradition was born: thrilling circus parades with camels and clowns and elephants lumbering down H Street. Circuses later set up near Union Terminal Market, in Uline Arena, and along Benning Road. In 1930 Sidney Hechinger opened a salvage and hardware store just east of here on Benning Road. Hechinger's soon became a Washington institution. After the 1968 riots many businesses abandoned the area. But Sidney's son, John W., Sr., showed his commitment to the city by opening the suburban style Hechinger Mall on Benning Road, anchored by his modern hardware store, in 1981.
32. TRHHH_200525_141.JPG: Schoolchildren take a field trip on a Columbia Railway Co. streetcar, around 1900.
33. TRHHH_200525_143.JPG: The Columbia Railway's trolley barn, later a bus garage, on Benning Rd., is visible at the right of this aerial view of the late 1940s. The trolley barn was demolished six years after this 1967 photo was taken. (Center)
34. TRHHH_200525_148.JPG: Soldiers marching to burn Washington during the War of 1812 as engraved by a British printer.
35. TRHHH_200525_151.JPG: Ringling Bros. elephants on parade on H St., 1979.
36. TRHHH_200525_154.JPG: Sidney Hechninger, third from left, at the cornerstone laying of his first store at 15th and H Sts. Young John Hechinger, Sr., stands to the right of the cornerstone.
37. TRHHH_200525_161.JPG: Mayor Marion Barry, Housing and Urban Development Secretary Samuel Pierce, Jr., DC Delegate Walter Fauntroy, and Hechinger Co. President John Hechinger, Sr., cut the ceremonial ribbon.
38. TRHHH_200525_165.JPG: H.D. Woodson High School band members ready to perform at the Hechinger Mall dedication, 1981.
39. TRHHH_200525_169.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
40. TRHHH_200525_174.JPG: This Civil War artist's 1864 interpretation shows the Union Army's Finley Hospital, with this intersection in the lower left corner. A soldier stands in front of the tollbooth (just above the word "Finley") on Bladensburg Turnpike. The Mall, with the Capitol, Smithsonian castle, and half-finished Washington Monument, is visible along the horizon.
41. TRHHH_200525_179.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 12 Mediterranean Imports Maryland Avenue in the 1930s was home to immigrants from around the Mediterranean. Evelyn Kogok Hier grew up at 1328 Maryland Avenue. She remembered her next-door neighbor, the Right Reverend Ayoub (Job) Salloom, hosting after-church gatherings where men shared a hookah, the ancient water pipe for smoking tobacco. Rev. Salloom ministered to the tight-knit "Little Lebanon" community at St. George's Syrian Orthodox Church on Eighth Street, NW. As a child, Kogok remembered, she would cut through Linden Court to H Street and the candies at Lebanese-owned Farris & Son's Confectioners. The Atlas movie house replaced Farris's in 1938. Many of the neighborhood's Greek immigrants started up the economic ladder selling produce from huckster wagons, then renting stalls at the wholesale markets before opening their own, often food-related, businesses. In the 1940s the Pappas and Callas families operated produce stands at Union Terminal Market on Florida Avenue. The Cokinos family ran the nearby Goody Shop confectionery beginning in 1910. Greeks owned the Rendezvous Club and the Paramount, Kavakos, Chaconas, and Bacchus grills along H Street between here and Seventh Street. On the Fourth of July, their children donned traditional Greek military uniforms to march in the neighborhood parade. Although African American families had long lived in the neighborhood, deeds originally restricted some blocks, including this on, to whites. African American educators James L., and Gustava Eubanks operated Washington Junior College of Music at 12th and G before moving it to 1252 Maryland Avenue in 1947. Noted African American architect Lewis Giles, Sr. (1893-1974) grew up on Linden Place, which you will pass on your left as you walk to Sign 13. To reach Sign 13, turn right on 13th Street, cross H, and turn left. Discover More ... Just across G Street from this sign is Linden Court, one of the area's inhabited alleys. In 1897 more than 100 African American families lived in tiny, flat-fronted rowhouses alongside stables and workshops. The houses on the north side of the alley were demolished in 1937 to make way for the Atlas Theater, but enough remain to give the flavor of the old community.
42. TRHHH_200525_184.JPG: The Right Reverend Ayoub Salloom poses with his hookah in back of his home at 1330 Maryland Ave., 1920. Inset: The Right Rev. Salloom in priestly garb.
43. TRHHH_200525_186.JPG: The Right Reverend Ayoub Salloom poses with his hookah in back of his home at 1330 Maryland Ave., 1920. Inset: The Right Rev. Salloom in priestly garb.
44. TRHHH_200525_188.JPG: Salloom children Mary, top, Edward, Helen, and Futine with a neighbor on the family's front steps.
45. TRHHH_200525_190.JPG: Greek immigrants Alex and Peter Cokinos, seen about 1919, ran the Goody Ship at 1103 H St. At Right, Nikos Nikitakis, descendant of the Pappas family, dresses in the traditional military uniform to celebrate Greek Independence Day, 1986.
46. TRHHH_200525_192.JPG: Greek immigrants Alex and Peter Cokinos, seen about 1919, ran the Goody Ship at 1103 H St. At Right, Nikos Nikitakis, descendant of the Pappas family, dresses in the traditional military uniform to celebrate Greek Independence Day, 1986.
47. TRHHH_200525_194.JPG: Barbara Miller celebrates her fifth birthday with friends in front of her home at 1308 Maryland Ave., 1941
48. TRHHH_200525_198.JPG: Lewis Giles, Sr., left and a friend pitch horseshoes in the back yard of 1200 Linden Pl., around 1903.
49. TRHHH_200525_200.JPG: Discover More ... Just across G Street from this sign is Linden Court, one of the area's inhabited alleys. In 1897 more than 100 African American families lived in tiny, flat-fronted rowhouses alongside stables and workshops. The houses on the north side of the alley were demolished in 1937 to make way for the Atlas Theater, but enough remain to give the flavor of the old community.
50. TRHHH_200525_203.JPG: Washington Junior College of Music students. This was the last of three music schools owned and operated by the Eubanks family on Capitol Hill from the mid-1930s to 1960. Children and adults studied musical instruments, theory, voice, Spanish, and philosophy.
51. TRHHH_200525_206.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
52. TRHHH_200525_213.JPG: The view of the Capitol from Maryland Ave. at 12th and F Sts., 1920s. Lifelong resident Barbara Miller Murphy remembered watching President Franklin D. Roosevelt pass by here in his open car.
53. TRHHH_200525_214.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 13 Enterprising Families The small scale and low rents of H Street's oldest buildings have lured waves of immigrant entrepreneurs since the buildings were new in the 1880s. By 1930, alongside Greek, Italian, Irish, and other immigrant-owned shops, at least 75 Jewish-owned businesses operated on H Street. Abe and Anna Shulman ran a dry goods store and lived at 1237 H, with a kitchen in back and living quarters upstairs. Two of their five children remained on H Street as adults: Israel, a dentist, and Fred, who sold baby furniture and toys. Known as the "Queen of H Street," Anna founded the Hebrew Sheltering Society to house recent immigrants, and led the Sisterhood, a women's aid society, for Ezras Israel Synagogue at Eighth and I Streets. The Shulmans and most of their Jewish neighbors had emigrated from Russia around 1900. In the 1950s former boxer Eddie Leonard brought sandwiches to H Street. A decade later Chuck Brown, the future "Godfather of Go-Go," bought his first guitar at Chuck and Marge Levin's music store at 1237 H Street. In 1968, after looters destroyed their store, the Levins moved to Wheaton, Maryland, opening Chuck Levin's Washington Music Center. At 1238 H is the former office of Granville Moore, M.D., a native Washingtonian, World War II veteran (Buffalo Soldier), Howard University faculty member, and civil rights activist who practiced medicine here for more than 50 years. Former patients also recollect how Dr. Moore (1916-2003) made house calls and treated the ill free of charge two days a week.
54. TRHHH_200525_217.JPG: Esther Love, Edith Abraham, Tom (the shoemaker) and owner Joseph Love at Reliable Footware, around 1921.
55. TRHHH_200525_221.JPG: "Queen of H Street" Anna Shulman, second from right, with her husband Abraham and children, from left, Lorraine, Ethel, Israel (Sonny), Fred, and May, around 1937.
56. TRHHH_200525_224.JPG: Dr. Granville Moore treating a patient at Freedmen's Hospital, left, and with his children Judith and Granville, Jr., 1952.
57. TRHHH_200525_229.JPG: Gallaudet students enjoy a meal at Eddie Leonard's Sandwich Shops at 1251 H St., 1950s.
58. TRHHH_200525_232.JPG: Chuck and Marge Levin with a customer in their music store, 1960s.
59. TRHHH_200525_238.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
60. TRHHH_200525_241.JPG: Among the small Jewish-owned H Street businesses of the 1920s was Gilbert's Bike Shop.
61. TRHHH_200525_247.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 14 The Changing Faces of H Street The handsome church on this corner is the second to occupy this spot. The first was a small brick chapel built by John A. Douglas in 1878 for the new Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church. Soon after, it was renamed Douglas Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church to honor its builder and his wife Sidney, who donated the land. The current building replaced it in 1898 as the block filled with brick houses and stores. Douglas Memorial served a white congregation. But beginning in the 1940s, its members moved away, and the parish dwindled. In 1958 the governing Baltimore Conference assigned a young African American pastor, Forrest C. Stith, to rebuild the congregation. By knocking on doors and reaching out to youth, Stith increased the church's membership from nearly zero to 200 in three years. On 11th Street between I and K, Holy Name Catholic Church experienced the same racial makeover. As these church histories show, well before "white flight" transformed American cities in the 1950s, the face of H Street was changing. Descendants of European immigrant families, thanks to public school education, moved into better-paying professions and newer neighborhoods. African Americans had become a majority in Greater H Street by 1950. In response the DC School Board switched the white Franklin Pierce Elementary on Maryland Avenue, and other neighborhood schools, to the "colored" division. The Supreme Court's 1954 desegregation of the nation's schools accelerated white flight to exclusive suburbs. For decades, in a very divided city, Greater H Street was almost entirely African American. As the 21st century opened, though, it followed the city's trend towards a more racially diverse population.
62. TRHHH_200525_253.JPG: Reverend (later Bishop) Forrest C. Stith, and the first two children he christened at Douglas Memorial United Methodist Church, Valynncia Patrice Brown and Roscoe "Butch" Goudeau, 1958. At right, the church's stained-glass windows glow within the sanctuary, 2011.
63. TRHHH_200525_255.JPG: Teens of Youthworks, a summer mission hosted by Douglas Church, share a cookout with parishioners.
64. TRHHH_200525_260.JPG: A May Day celebration, 1941, at Logan School, the first elementary school for African Americans in Greater H Street, above.
65. TRHHH_200525_263.JPG: Franklin Pierce School Class of 1931, when the school was part of the white division, as seen at right.
66. TRHHH_200525_265.JPG: Below, Stuart-Hobson Junior High School students of 1957, post-integration.
67. TRHHH_200525_267.JPG: Everyday businesses here in the 1940s: Tamara (left) and Charles (second from right) Chidakel at work in their Dixie Pawnbrokers, 1100 H Street.
68. TRHHH_200525_274.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
69. TRHHH_200525_277.JPG: Douglas Memorial United Methodist Church, 1967.
70. TRHHH_200525_280.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 15 At the Crossroads One year before Congress and the President arrived in their new capital city in 1800, Washington's Navy Yard opened at the foot of Eighth Street, two miles south of this sign. The yard soon became the city's biggest employer. In 1908 streetcars began connecting H Street to the Navy Yard via Eighth Street, allowing workers to commute. As the transfer point between the Eighth Street line and the H Street line to downtown, this busy spot attracted the Home Savings Bank's Northeast Branch and the Northeast Savings Bank, founded by H Street merchants, across Eighth Street from each other. Before Prohibition closed DC's many saloons in 1917, 727 H Street housed the German-owned Beuchert Tavern. Louis Kavakos bought the place in 1929 and ran it as a lunch counter/confectionery. After Prohibition ended four years later, Kavakos and his sons William, George, and John replaced the luncheonette with Club Kavakos, a bar and grill with live music, dancing, vaudeville, and strippers. Like many DC night spots, the club thrived during World War II. After the war, patrons enjoyed evenings hosted by WMAL radio DJ Willis Conover. Jazz greats Charlie Parker, Charles Mingus, and Dizzy Gillespie all recorded live albums here. In 1914 Ezras Israel Orthodox congregation moved from its space above a grocery on H Street into the former Centennial Baptist Church at Eighth and I Streets, one block north. Forty-five years later it closed as most of H Street's Jewish population moved north, and eventually re-opened in Rockville, Maryland.
71. TRHHH_200525_283.JPG: Streetcar route map to Metro Station, 1909, includes the Eighth and H crossroads. Above, a 1949 view of this spot looking east with the former Northeast Savings Bank at left.
72. TRHHH_200525_286.JPG: Streetcar route map to Metro Station, 1909, includes the Eighth and H crossroads. Above, a 1949 view of this spot looking east with the former Northeast Savings Bank at left.
73. TRHHH_200525_289.JPG: A 1955 ad for Dizzy Gillespie at Club Kavakos. Below, owner William Kavakos, left, hosts bandleaders Tex Beneke, center, and Tony Pastor in the club, 1940s.
74. TRHHH_200525_293.JPG: The Club Kavakos building on the southwest corner of Eighth and H, left, was gutted during the 1968 riots and fell into ruin as seen in this 1990 photo. It was demolished in 1999.
75. TRHHH_200525_297.JPG: Zelda Feldman, left, and classmates after their confirmation at Ezras Israel, Eighth and I Sts., 1947.
76. TRHHH_200525_301.JPG: A 1937 Chanukah party at Ezras Israel
77. TRHHH_200525_306.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
78. TRHHH_200525_314.JPG: Swinging to the sax at Club Kavakos, 1950
79. TRHHH_200525_316.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 16 The Fires of 1968 On Friday, April 5, 1968 the 600 block of H Street went up in flames. The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had been assassinated a day earlier, and grief-stricken, angry men and women had taken to the streets across the city. Some took part in looting and burning. Helen Wooden Wood remembered watching from her home on Linden Place as flames spread. "It was horrible. You could feel the heat and couldn't open the windows for the smoke." According to a fireman, the alley behind Morton's Department Store became "a freeway for looters" carrying "television sets, clothes, everything." Yet other people supported the firefighters, bringing them chairs and coffee. When Morton's first opened downtown in 1933, it was among the few white-owned department stores that did not discriminate in hiring or sales. In fact owner Mortimer Lebowitz was a former Urban League president who had marched with Dr. King. Nevertheless, looters ransacked and torched his store here. The destruction, Lebowitz told a reporter later, "was nothing against me personally." "The riots did not happen in a vacuum," recalled Sam Smith of the Capitol East Gazette. In 1968, "24 percent of the [area's] labor force was unemployed or underemployed." After the smoke cleared, 90 buildings in Greater H Street, containing 51 residences and 103 businesses, were gone. Most stores that weren't destroyed closed, never to reopen. While the city cleared land for sale, it didn't pay to repair existing businesses or develop new ones. In 1984 the H Street Community Development Corporation formed to attract investment for development. The corporation and other nonprofits built housing and commercial buildings but H Street suffered from relentless suburban competition. It took the rehabilitation of the Atlas Theater, which started in 2002, investments in nightlife, and a new appreciation for the charms of the neighborhood's close-in, 19th-century buildings for H Street's revival to take hold.
80. TRHHH_200525_321.JPG: A futile attempt to save the building, April 5, 1968.
81. TRHHH_200525_323.JPG: Morton's Department Store, seen in the 1950s, stood on the southwest corner of this intersection.
82. TRHHH_200525_326.JPG: A soldier walks through the intersection of Eighth and H Sts., with the gutted Kay Jewelers on the right.
83. TRHHH_200525_329.JPG: Two years later, the city opened a playground on the site.
84. TRHHH_200525_331.JPG: Real estate broker Rudolph Taylor, left, Councilmember Nadine Winter, and Mayor Marion Barry opened Taylor's second H St. Office, at 421 H St., 1985.
85. TRHHH_200525_333.JPG: Opening the new quarters for the nonprofit Hospitality Community Federal Credit Union at 1114 H St. in 1974, the corridor's first new building since 1968.
86. TRHHH_200525_335.JPG: The H Street Festival Foundation's first event highlighting progress on H St., 1987.
87. TRHHH_200525_338.JPG: The 1990 groundbreaking for townhouses developed by the H Street Community Development Corporation.
88. TRHHH_200525_345.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
89. TRHHH_200525_348.JPG: Smoke rises from the still-burning 1200 block of H St. the day after the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated in 1968.
90. TRHHH_200525_354.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
91. TRHHH_200525_357.JPG: A scene on H St.'s auto dealer row looking east from Fifth St., 1949.
92. TRHHH_200525_363.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 17 Get Behind the Wheel Ourisman Chevrolet once occupied almost the entire north side of this block. After two years as a top-performing Chevy salesman on Connecticut Avenue, and with a $2,000 loan from his widowed mother, Benjamin Ourisman opened his own dealership here in 1921. When he built the five-story building on your right in 1940, his was the country's highest-selling dealership. Ourisman continued to service cars during World War II (1941-1945), when automobile production was shut down. After the war, demand was so high that he hired 67 salesmen. Although he received Chevrolet's largest allotment of new cars, customers still had to wait three years for delivery. With the growth of the suburbs after World War II, Ourisman Chevrolet moved to Maryland in 1962. Across from Ourisman's, at 619 H Street, Pietro Borghese ran Pete's Barbershop for nearly 50 years. Borghese emigrated from Italy in 1920 and opened his business near the homes of many Italian workers and craftsmen. The family got along well with its African American neighbors, recalled his son Carmelo. During the riots of 1968, when Pete's was one of only two white-owned businesses on the block, rioters left the barbershop untouched. Sanitary Grocery, the forerunner of Safeway, first appeared on H Street in 1909. In the early 1960s, Safeway opened at 600 H, but moved in 1983 to the new Hechinger Mall on Benning Road, leaving the neighborhood without a major grocery. Five years later the independent, black-owned Mega Foods opened across the street but lasted only two years. Murry's, which took over the Safeway building, is part of a local chain founded in 1948 by Alfred Mendelson and named for his son. Murry's two-ounce frozen steaks offered consumers conveniently small portions of meat for the first time.
93. TRHHH_200525_366.JPG: Above, Benjamin Ourisman, standing sixth from left, and his sales force in their store on the north side of H St., 1923.
94. TRHHH_200525_368.JPG: Used cars were sold near Union Station's tracks at 62 H St., right, later razed for the H St. overpass. The automobile row peaked with six dealerships in the 1930s.
95. TRHHH_200525_370.JPG: Barber Pietro Borghese and daughter Filippa, photographed across H St. from the family barbershop, around 1953.
96. TRHHH_200525_376.JPG: Sam Madeoy's second-hand furniture and hauling business once occupied this corner. At left are proprietors Rosa and Samuel Madeoy inside their story, around 1910.
97. TRHHH_200525_380.JPG: The Apollo movie house at 624 H St., photographed in 1922 with its enclosed, open-air theater on the right, shut its doors in 1955.
98. TRHHH_200525_383.JPG: Henry H. Edwards, Jr., co-owner of the new Mega Food Store at 625 H, 1988.
99. TRHHH_200525_393.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 18 Sanctuaries Calvary Episcopal Church, half a block north at 820 Sixth Street, has been a community anchor since 1901. For most of its early years, the congregation, led by founding rector Reverend Franklin I.A. Bennett, met at 11th and G. In 1941 it welcomed the Reverend Dr. James O. West as rector. The dynamic Rev. West drew so many new members that soon the parish needed a larger sanctuary. Eight years later Calvary moved to its current home, the former Church of the Good Shepherd. West is remembered for co-founding the family social services center Hospitality House, sheltering and feeding the homeless in his rectory, and counseling troubled Vietnam veterans. "The city looked to him as a community leader," Judge Kaye K. Christian recalled. Mount Olive Baptist Church at 1140 Sixth Street, three blocks north of this sign, was founded in 1873 as a branch of Second Baptist Church of Northwest DC. The current church rests on the site of its first meeting place, the home of Robert and Martha Terrell. Mount Olive has focused on serving needy members of the community with free food and clothing, holding outdoor evangelistic services, and mentoring teenaged boys, among other programs. Radio station WOL operated from Fourth and H Streets during the 1980s and '90s. Neighbors remember the station's studio overlooking the street, where large windows revealed on-air guests and dynamic host Cathy Hughes. To return to Union Station Metro station, continue on H Street, turn left on Third Street, then right on F Street. To reach Gallery Place Metro station, take the X2 Metrobus (Lafayette Square).
100. TRHHH_200525_402.JPG: Rev. James O. West of Calvary Episcopal Church, 1967.
101. TRHHH_200525_404.JPG: Church of the Good Shepherd, 1949.
102. TRHHH_200525_407.JPG: Ashley and Carrie Lyles were wed in the Church of the Good Shepherd the year the church opened, 1901. The diocese closed it in 1949, transferring the building to Calvary Episcopal Church.
103. TRHHH_200525_410.JPG: Horace Moore, chairman of the Mount Olive Baptist Church's Board of Deacons, at center in photo, was honored for 40 years of service with a dinner in the church during the 1940s. The church later named its annex in honor of Deacon Moore.
104. TRHHH_200525_413.JPG: WOL owner Cathy Hughes on the air in the H St. studio, 1994.
105. TRHHH_200525_421.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
106. TRHHH_200525_424.JPG: Acolytes from Calvary Episcopal Church lead the procession at the retirement of Rev. James O. West after 48 years of service, 1990.
107. TRHHH_200525_427.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
108. TRHHH_200525_436.JPG: The corner of 4th and H Streets, NE became a focal point of this community after WOL-AM, which stands for "We Offer Love" moved here in 1980.
109. TRHHH_200525_437.JPG: Multi-Media & Radio Pioneer Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 19 Cathy Hughes Cathy Hughes and WOL-AM have made an indelible mark on this Washington D.C. community. In 1982, Hughes purchased a building at the corner of 4th and H Streets and found it littered with almost 200 hypodermic needles and crack pipes. The home of her first radio station had been used, for years, as a drug den. The surrounding community was still struggling to recover from the riots that followed the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968. Residents and merchants knew something significant was taking place when station vans, with the WOL logo, pulled into the neighborhood. It was clear that Cathy Hughes was committed to the revitalization of the H Street corridor and adjoining neighborhoods because WOL-AM became the very first, major business to relocate to the area. With a group of volunteers, Hughes worked tirelessly, transforming the building into a functioning radio station and resource center for the community. Three large picture windows were cut into the one story, brick, rectangular building, allowing residents to observe media at work, at all times. The station became known as "RADIOVISION," and crowds routinely came out to meet and greet politicians, celebrities and entertainers who visited the station. Cathy Hughes partnered with local businesses, sponsored community initiatives and festivals and created programs, which helped many of the residents to get back on their feet. WOL, an acronym for "We Offer Love," allowed Hughes to combine her love for radio and the black community. WOL-AM positioned her to create positive change, pride and progress in the northeast H Street corridor. Armed with her slogan "information is power," Hughes kept her listeners informed and tackled tough issues facing the community on the "Cathy Hughes Morning Show." She employed many local residents, several of whom lived close enough to walk to work, and taught them the business of radio. WOL was also singularly responsible for taking "Go Go" music, D.C.'s own popular, homegrown, musical genre, and elevating it to a national level. With humble beginnings here in northeast Washington D.C., Cathy Hughes went from H Street to Wall Street after WOL-AM became the birthplace of Radio One, Inc. By 2016, Radio One was a multimedia conglomerate with more than 56 radio stations across the country comprised of talk/news, gospel, R&B, and hip-hop formats. It has diversified and branched out into television and digital media and is the parent corporation of the subsidiaries TV One, Reach Media, Interactive One, and One Solution. Hughes' media corporation is now the largest African-American owned business of its kind in the country; yet Hughes still credits her neighbors at 4th and H Street NE helping her to lay her foundation.
110. TRHHH_200525_440.JPG: The "Cathy Hughes Morning Show" was a staple program on WOL-AM. Her guests could be seen every morning, live on the air, through a window that looked in from the corner of 4th and H Streets. Neighbors nicknamed it RadioVision.
111. TRHHH_200525_443.JPG: Cathy Hughes was a voice and champion for the residents of the 4th and H Street corridor. Many of her employees lived in the neighborhood and walked to work daily.
112. TRHHH_200525_446.JPG: WOL-AM was known as the Soul Rocker for broadcasting live from the rooftop of the station. Photo courtesy of Radio One.
113. TRHHH_200525_449.JPG: Cathy Hughes interviews Dick Gregory shortly after the 1968 riots.
114. TRHHH_200525_465.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
115. TRHHH_200525_468.JPG: Residents play cards at the Little Sisters of the Poor home, 1939.
116. TRHHH_200525_471.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 5 Community Caretakers The elegant Romanesque portion of the Senate Square condominium complex started life in 1874 as the Little Sisters of the Poor House for the Aged. St. Aloysius Church member Ellen Sherman, wife of Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman, helped the Sisters secure congressional appropriations to build the facility. The Little Sisters begged for donations on DC streets to support their free care for the elderly, regardless of race or religion. In 1976 the city built the current overpass carrying H Street above Union Station's tracks. With a dangerous on-ramp just feet from their front door, the Sisters moved their home to the Catholic University neighborhood. In 1979 the Capital Children's Museum took over the old convent, moved the entrance to the rear, and inspired the "Hopscotch Bridge" mosaics on the overpass as designed by area artist Deirdre Saunder. The museum closed in 2004 for redevelopment as condominiums. Dr. Thom Collins, born in 1905 and raised on the north side of the 300 block of H Street, was the son of a railroad engineer and descendant of Irish laborers recruited to rebuild Washington after the War of 1812. "Doc" Collins opened a medical practice in his home about 1935 and the 1940s charged seven dollars for house calls, recalled his son, broadcaster Pat Collins. He treated everyone, from residents of the Little Sisters' home and Gonzaga High School football players to members of Congress. Archbishop Patrick O'Boyle was a patient, as was a Union Terminal Market butcher who paid Collins in fresh meat. Although devoted to this community, Doc Collins moved away after the 1968 riots left much of it in ruins.
117. TRHHH_200525_475.JPG: Sister Matilda leads residents in an Irish song at the Little Sisters of the Poor home, 1939.
118. TRHHH_200525_478.JPG: Carmelo Borghese practices barbering on his father, Pietro, at their H Street barbershop, around 1955. Young Carmelo gave free haircuts to residents of the Little Sisters' home.
119. TRHHH_200525_481.JPG: Sister Marie poses on the new overpass that blocked the convent's front door, 1977.
120. TRHHH_200525_484.JPG: Six-year-old Robiah Johnson considers ancient alphabets at the Capital Children's Museum, 1981.
121. TRHHH_200525_487.JPG: Tom Collins, left, grandfather of broadcaster Pat Collins, was an engineer for the Capitol Limited train that ran between Washington and Chicago.
122. TRHHH_200525_496.JPG: Dr. Tom Collins's home and office at 322-24 H St., where he posed with son Pat around 1950.
123. TRHHH_200525_498.JPG: Below, young Pat enjoys his family's first television set.
124. TRHHH_200525_509.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail 6 The Iceman's Arena Uline Arena was built in 1941 by ice maker Mike Uline to present ice skating, hocky, basketball, and tennis. The Dutch immigrant, originally named Migiel Uihlein, had made a fortune patenting ice production equipment and selling ice from his plant next door. For years Washingtonians rode the streetcar here for sports, worship services, concerts, and cook-offs. Judge Kaye K. Christian recalled that during the 1950s and '60s her mother Alice Stewart Christian won the Afro-American Newspapers' cooking competition three times at Uline. Arnold "Red" Auerbach began his professional career coaching the Washington Capitols at Uline Arena. He was hired in 1946, after having coached area high school basketball teams. Auerbach later coached the Boston Celtics to nine NBA titles. Mike Uline segregated his audiences. African Americans could attend boxing and wrestling, but not supposedly higher-class attractions: ice hockey, the Ice Capades, and basketball. In response E.B. Henderson, a Harvard-trained health and physical education specialist and civil rights leader, protested Uline's policy. As audiences dwindled, Uline buckled to the economic pressure. In 1948 he opened the facility to all. In 1959 Uline's estate sold the arena. The renamed Washington Coliseum soon presented the Bolshoi Ballet. In 1964, days after appearing on "The Ed Sullivan Show," the Beatles played their first live U.S. concert here. Bob Dylan, the Motown Review, Chuck Brown, and Rare Essence also performed here. In May 1971 the Coliseum became a holding cell for many of the 12,000 protesters arrested demonstrations against the Vietnam War. Live concerts ended in 1986. For years after, the arena stored trash. As of 2012 it awaited redevelopment.
125. TRHHH_200525_512.JPG: Uline Arena owner Mike Uline, center, and Washington Capitols Coach Red Auerbach, left, discuss an airline travel contract for the new basketball team, 1946.
126. TRHHH_200525_514.JPG: Auerbach erupts on the bench during a 1947 game.
127. TRHHH_200525_516.JPG: Alice Stewart Christian, seen here at her 1948 wedding to Robert L. Christian, won three Afro-American Newspaper sponsored cooking competitions at Uline Arena.
128. TRHHH_200525_519.JPG: Caps star Rick Barry in the 1970-championship.
129. TRHHH_200525_522.JPG: E.B. Henderson, seen with students in 1947, used these signs to picket during the successful battle to desegregate Uline Arena.
130. TRHHH_200525_525.JPG: E.B. Henderson, seen with students in 1947, used these signs to picket during the successful battle to desegregate Uline Arena.
131. TRHHH_200525_528.JPG: Some of the 2,000 Nation of Islam members attending a Savior's Day celebration there, 1975.
132. TRHHH_200525_534.JPG: Police and U.S. troops guard Vietnam War protesters held in the Coliseum, May 1971.
133. TRHHH_200525_535.JPG: Mary Wells led the bill at a 1979 concert at the Washington Coliseum.
134. TRHHH_200525_539.JPG: Hub, Home, Heart Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail Trains and streetcars created the Near Northeast neighborhood around H Street. The B&O Railroad's arrival in 1835 made this a center of energetic, working-class life. Workmen living north of the Capitol staffed the Government Printing Office, ran the trains, stocked the warehouses, and built Union Station. When a streetcar arrived linking H Street to downtown, new construction quickly followed. H Street bustled with shops and offices run by Jewish, Italian, Lebanese, Greek, Irish, and African American families. During the segregation era, which lasted into the 1950s, African Americans came to H Street for its department stores and sit-down restaurants. Most businesses welcomed all customers. Then came the civil disturbances in the wake of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Decades of commercial decline followed. Just off H Street, though, the strong residential community endured. The 2005 opening of the Atlas Performing Arts Center signaled a revival, building evocatively on H Street's past. Hub, Home, Heart is a bridge to carry you from that past to the present. Hub, Home, Heart: Greater H Street NE Heritage Trail is an Official Washington, DC Walking Trail. The self-guided, 3.2-mile tour of 18 signs offers about two hours of gentle exercise. Free keepsake guidebooks in English or Spanish are available at businesses and institutions along the way. For more on DC neighborhoods, please visit www.CulturalTourismDC.org.
135. TRHHH_200525_545.JPG: The Beatles play in the snow outside the Coliseum before performing their first U.S. concert, 1964.
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