BGuthrie Photos: NY -- NYC -- Hamilton Grange National Memorial (414 West 141st St.)

NY -- NYC -- Hamilton Grange National Memorial (414 West 141st St.):

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. GRANGE_190531_005.JPG: From Hamilton's Home to National Memorial The Grange is believed to be the only home that Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804) ever owned. By the time he bought the land and built the Grange, he had already fought in the American Revolution, helped draft the Constitution and get it ratified, and served as the Secretary of the Treasury.
2. GRANGE_190531_009.JPG: The red line on this map shows the boundaries of the land Hamilton owned in Harlem.
3. GRANGE_190531_020.JPG: Alexander Hamilton Twentieth-century artist Adrian Lamb painted this copy of a full-length portrait of Alexander Hamilton. John Trumbull completed the original 1792. One of the nation's leading political thinkers and writers. Hamilton is depicted with an inkwell and quill pen close at hand.
4. GRANGE_190531_097.JPG: The Grange in Harlem
5. GRANGE_190531_101.JPG: Harlem in Hamilton's Era
6. GRANGE_190531_106.JPG: (1) The Grange's original location, from 1802-1888, near the center of Alexander Hamilton's property in Harlem. (2) The Grange was moved to 141st Street and Convent Avenue in 1889. It belonged to St. Luke's Episcopal Church until 1924, when the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society bought the Grange and made it a public museum. (3) In 1962 the Grange became a National Memorial. In 2008, the National Park Service moved the Grange from Convent Avenue to its present location. A National Memorial: In 200 years, Alexander Hamilton's home has evolved from a private dwelling into the Hamilton Grange National Memorial. As of 2010, there were 44 National Memorials across the country, from Mount Rushmore to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. A National Memorial commemorates a historic person or episode, though it need not occupy a site historically connected with its subject. Only one memorial was built by the man it would eventually honor -- Hamilton Grange.
7. GRANGE_190531_109.JPG: A Chapel in the Grange
8. GRANGE_190531_116.JPG: The Grange in its original location, 1880s
9. GRANGE_190531_119.JPG: The doors between the two central rooms were opened to make a chapel.
10. GRANGE_190531_122.JPG: The new St. Luke's Episcopal Church under construction beside the Grange, about 1894
11. GRANGE_190531_125.JPG: The completed St. Lukes Church next to the Grange, c 1900
12. GRANGE_190531_224.JPG: Hamilton Grange The Home of Alexander Hamilton 1757 * A.B., A.M., L.L.D. * 1804 Statesman Soldier * Administrator * Lawyer Captain Lt. Col. Staff of General Washington Major General Member of Congress Member of New York Legislature Delegate to the Constitutional Convention First Secretary of the Treasury Leader of the Federalist Party * He Built This House in 1802 *
13. GRANGE_190531_230.JPG: Hamilton Grange The Home of Alexander Hamilton 1757 * A.B., A.M., L.L.D. * 1804 Statesman Soldier * Administrator * Lawyer Captain Lt. Col. Staff of General Washington Major General Member of Congress Member of New York Legislature Delegate to the Constitutional Convention First Secretary of the Treasury Leader of the Federalist Party * He Built This House in 1802 *
14. GRANGE_190531_249.JPG: "There is not in the Constitution of the United States an element of Order or Force or of Duration which he has not powerfully contributed to introduce and caused to predominate." -- Guizot "He smote the Rock of the National Resources and abundant streams of Revenue gushed forth." -- Webster
15. GRANGE_190531_253.JPG: "The Model of Eloquence and the most fascinating of Orators." -- Story "His rare Powers entitle him to the Fame of being the first intellectual Product of America." -- Stevens "The Name of Hamilton would have honored Greece in the Age of Aristides." -- Ames
Wikipedia Description: Hamilton Grange National Memorial
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hamilton Grange National Memorial, also known as The Grange or the Hamilton Grange Mansion, is a National Park Service site in St. Nicholas Park, Manhattan, New York City, that preserves the relocated home of U.S. Founding Father Alexander Hamilton. The mansion holds a restoration of the interior rooms and an interactive exhibit on the newly constructed ground floor for visitors. The Hamilton Heights subsection of Harlem derived its name from Hamilton's 32-acre estate there.

Origin

Alexander Hamilton was born and raised in the West Indies and came to New York in 1772 at age 17 to study at King's College (now Columbia University). During his career, Hamilton was a military officer, lawyer, member of the United States Constitutional Convention, American political philosopher, war hero, initiator and author of the majority of the pivotal and influential The Federalist Papers, and the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.

Hamilton commissioned architect John McComb Jr. to design a country home on Hamilton's 32 acres (13 ha) estate in upper Manhattan. The two-story frame Federal style house was completed in 1802, just two years before Hamilton's death resulting from his duel with Aaron Burr on July 11, 1804. The estate was named "The Grange" after Hamilton's grandfather's own holdings in Scotland. The Grange was the only home Hamilton ever owned, and he traveled there by stagecoach from his law office several times a week, and fussed over the landscaping, including a circle of thirteen sweet gum trees symbolizing the thirteen original states. The house remained in his family for 30 years after his death. The Grange might have also been Hamilton's rivalrous answer to Jefferson's Monticello.[dubious – discuss]

First relocation

By 1889, much of the congregation of St. Luke's Episcopal Church in Greenwich Village had moved uptown. The Grange was in foreclosure and had been condemned for destruction in order to allow for the implementation of the Manhattan street grid, then just reaching that area of Harlem. The church acquired the house and moved it a half-block east and about two blocks south, conforming to the new street pattern, to what became 287 Convent Avenue. The original porches and other features were removed for the move. The interior staircase was reoriented and retrofitted to accommodate a makeshift entrance on the side of the house that faced the street, and the original grand Federal-style entrance was boarded up.

St. Luke's used the house for services and subsequently between 1892 and 1895 erected a Richardsonian Romanesque building on the site that wrapped around the house slightly; thus when a six-story apartment building was built in about 1910 flush on the opposite side, the house was tightly enclosed and many of its features hidden. The American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society bought the Grange in 1924 and turned it into a public museum in 1933. Furniture and decorative objects associated with the Hamilton family were displayed.

The Grange was designated a National Historic Landmark in December 1960. The private National Park Foundation purchased the house and property and transferred it to the National Park Service. Congress authorized the National Memorial on April 27, 1962, requiring that it be relocated and then the house restored to appear as Hamilton knew it in 1802–1804, which is considered its period of historic significance. It was at the time determined that the claustrophobic Convent Avenue setting was inappropriate and that the country house should be viewed as a freestanding building. However, the house was not relocated earlier because of overwhelming local opposition to options offered that required moving it out of the neighborhood. The Grange was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.

Second relocation

On May 9, 2006, the Hamilton Grange Memorial was closed to the public to allow for extensive architectural and structural investigations as part of a long term plan to move the house to nearby St. Nicholas Park. The park location was judged a more appropriate setting for display that would permit restoration of features lost in the 1889 move. The new location would also keep the house in the neighborhood and within the boundary of Hamilton's original 32-acre (130,000 m2) estate.

Work in St. Nicholas Park for tree removal and foundation construction began in February 2008. The actual move of the Grange began with elevation of the building in one piece over the loggia of St. Luke's Church and onto Convent Avenue. Over several weeks it was gradually raised on hydraulic jacks, and more than 7,000 pieces of wood cribbing were inserted under the foundation. It was then moved on rollers along steel beams to wooden stilts of matching height erected in the middle of Convent Avenue, between West 141st and 142nd Streets, which held the entire house approximately ten feet off the ground while traffic was routed around it. These stilts were then slowly disassembled to leave the house resting on dollies, where it received interior bracing and was wrapped in two miles of chains. Finally on June 7, 2008, it completed its journey by being rolled one block south on Convent Avenue and then one block east on 141st Street (down a 6% grade) to the new St. Nicholas Park location. The New York Times's David W. Dunlap calculated its speed over the 500 feet at .04 mph. The six-hour event was a popular neighborhood attraction covered extensively in the press. The house was secured to its new foundation, original porches were rebuilt and the original main entrance doorway and main staircase within the entry foyer were restored using original materials recovered from elsewhere in the house. Landscaping around the Grange's new home includes among the tree plantings 13 sweet gum trees as in Hamilton's original garden, a stone wall, a circular rose garden planted in front to Hamilton's own specifications, and paths.

The Grange re-opened to the general public on September 17, 2011. A ceremony was held with Hamilton descendants in attendance and tours of the restored interiors took place through the day. In the renovated house, a visitor's center is located in the entirely newly constructed ground floor, where the kitchen, laundry and servants' rooms would have been. The Grange now has a security detail and possible video monitoring during the evening hours. At its new location, it is next to the City College of the City University of New York campus.
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