BGuthrie Photos: MD -- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center

MD -- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. PATUX_190728_001.JPG: Keep the "Wild" in Wildlife
2. PATUX_190728_005.JPG: Come On In!
3. PATUX_190728_008.JPG: Habitats Featured Here
4. PATUX_190728_012.JPG: Conservation Landscaping -- Plant with Natives!
5. PATUX_190728_027.JPG: Meadow Management
6. PATUX_190728_035.JPG: Return to the Wild
7. PATUX_190728_128.JPG: Rights-of-Way Can Provide Valuable Habitat for Wildlife
8. PATUX_190728_153.JPG: Welcome to Cash Lake
9. PATUX_190728_193.JPG: Waterfowl
10. PATUX_190728_197.JPG: Managing for Waterfowl
11. PATUX_190728_206.JPG: Forests of Patuxent Discovery Hike
12. PATUX_190728_210.JPG: Conservation Leaders Theodore Roosevelt Ernest Thompson Seton Gifford Pinchot Stephen Tyng Mather Huge Hammond Bennett
13. PATUX_190728_226.JPG: Conservation Leaders Aldo Leopold Olaus J. Murie Ira Noel Gabrielson Marjory Stoneman Douglas Ernestr Fremont Swift
14. PATUX_190728_242.JPG: Wetlands
15. PATUX_190728_249.JPG: Conservation Leaders Sigurd F. Olson Robert Marshall Rachel Carson Roger Tory Peterson Wallace Earle Stegner
16. PATUX_190728_268.JPG: Conservation Leaders Jacques Cousteau Claudia Alta Taylor Johnson A. Starker Leopold Gaylord Nelson Luna Leopold Morris Udall
17. PATUX_190728_296.JPG: Jay Norwood "Ding" Darling Conservation Trail J. N. "Ding" Darling was a Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial cartoonist who advocated for the conservation of our Nation's natural resources. He inaugurated the Federal Duck Stamp Program and drew the first stamp. He was founder of the National Wildlife Federation and architect of the Cooperative Wildlife Refuge System. In 1934, as Chief of the Bureau of Biological Survey, predecessor of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, he proposed a plan to establish the Nation's first wildlife research center. In 1936, by executive Order No. 7514, that vision became a reality with the creation of Patuxent Research Refuge. Along this loop trail, you will have an opportunity to view the National Wildlife Federation's Hall of Fame Inductees.
18. PATUX_190728_306.JPG: Restoring the American Chestnut Tree
19. PATUX_190728_327.JPG: Conservation Leaders John James Audubon (1785-1851) John James Audubon helped raise the nation's collective attitude toward wildlife and natural beauty. Through his lifelike and life-size drawings of North American Birds, he helped people everywhere to see the wonders of nature in a new way, inspiring a concern and commitment to conservation that has spanned generations. Audubon's Ornithological Biography of Birds in America, published in 1826, became a success in Europe. Soon, there were more than 1,065 species in his collection, populating Volumes II and III of Birds of America. John James Audubon was the inspiration for the founding of the National Audubon Society. George Perkins Marsh (1801-1882) A Vermont farmer and congressman, George Perkins Marsh was among the first Americans to perceive mankind's harmful effect on nature. Marsh spent most of his life in public service. He served on the Vermont Governor's Council and spent three terms in Congress beginning in 1842. He also held several overseas diplomatic posts, including an appointment as the American Minister to Italy in 1861. While in Italy, Marsh argued for forward-thinking conservation strategies in a landmark book Man and Nature, which explains what we now refer to as the "web of life." The book documents the far-reaching negative impacts of mankind's destruction of grass and forest cover with examples of the desertification of once-productive land in China, Europe and North Africa. Many historians view Man and Nature as the first popular introduction to the science of ecology. Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) Henry David Thoreau abandoned any pretense of a career in favor of observing and writing about nature. His book, Walden, published in 1854, reflects Thoreau's two years at Walden Pond and is universally considered one of the greatest masterpieces of nature writing. It is more widely read than any other book-length work of 19th century non-fiction, and has been translated into virtually every major language. Thoreau was more than simply a lover of nature. He was a keen student, a scientist, an observer, and philosopher. He believed that man derived his strength form contact with nature. Thoreau advocated setting aside tracts of land to remain forever wild for the benefit of future generations. He urged federal ownership of outstanding mountain ranges, waterfalls, and wilderness, saying "in wilderness is the preservation of the world." Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903) Frederick Law Olmsted was a man ahead of his time. A pioneer landscape architect, best known for designing New York's Central Park, Olmsted was also a champion of California's Yosemite Valley years before it became a national park. Under Olmsted's direction as administrator of Central Park, more that 2,000 workers installed miles of ducts to create a lake, hauled ton after ton of topsoil to create the impression of pastoral meadows, and planted thousands of trees to screen out the burgeoning metropolis. Olmsted's success in New York led to a busy career as a planner of other urban parks, including Franklin Park in Boston, Chicago's Jackson Park, and the Capitol grounds in Washington D.C. Even when he worked beyond the confines of the city, developing the first operating plans for Yosemite Park and Niagara Falls, Olmsted used the same basic principles of design, which emphasized natural beauty and accessibility for all. John Wesley Powell (1834-1902) Explorer, geologist, anthropologist, and conservationist, John Wesley Powell unlocked many secrets of the Southwest more than a hundred years ago. After serving as lieutenant in the Civil War, Powell accepted the position of professor of natural history at Illinois State Normal University. He was the second director of the U.S. Geological Survey (1881-94) Conducting field trips along the Colorado River infused him with a passion for exploration, and led to his determination to embark upon a 1500-mile expedition along the river from Wyoming to Yuma, Arizona, in 1869. Funded by a federal grant, Powell's second survey of the Colorado River, known as the Powell Survey, lasted two years, during which he studied the geology of the river and mapped its course. Powell's field work led to the concept of combining land, water, vegetation, and man to constitute a delicate balance of nature. In the first edition of his Report of the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States, he pleaded for the reform of land-use laws to help maintain that balance.
20. PATUX_190728_330.JPG: John James Audubon (1785-1851) John James Audubon helped raise the nation's collective attitude toward wildlife and natural beauty. Through his lifelike and life-size drawings of North American Birds, he helped people everywhere to see the wonders of nature in a new way, inspiring a concern and commitment to conservation that has spanned generations. Audubon's Ornithological Biography of Birds in America, published in 1826, became a success in Europe. Soon, there were more than 1,065 species in his collection, populating Volumes II and III of Birds of America. John James Audubon was the inspiration for the founding of the National Audubon Society.
21. PATUX_190728_333.JPG: Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903) Frederick Law Olmsted was a man ahead of his time. A pioneer landscape architect, best known for designing New York's Central Park, Olmsted was also a champion of California's Yosemite Valley years before it became a national park. Under Olmsted's direction as administrator of Central Park, more that 2,000 workers installed miles of ducts to create a lake, hauled ton after ton of topsoil to create the impression of pastoral meadows, and planted thousands of trees to screen out the burgeoning metropolis. Olmsted's success in New York led to a busy career as a planner of other urban parks, including Franklin Park in Boston, Chicago's Jackson Park, and the Capitol grounds in Washington D.C. Even when he worked beyond the confines of the city, developing the first operating plans for Yosemite Park and Niagara Falls, Olmsted used the same basic principles of design, which emphasized natural beauty and accessibility for all.
22. PATUX_190728_336.JPG: George Perkins Marsh (1801-1882) A Vermont farmer and congressman, George Perkins Marsh was among the first Americans to perceive mankind's harmful effect on nature. Marsh spent most of his life in public service. He served on the Vermont Governor's Council and spent three terms in Congress beginning in 1842. He also held several overseas diplomatic posts, including an appointment as the American Minister to Italy in 1861. While in Italy, Marsh argued for forward-thinking conservation strategies in a landmark book Man and Nature, which explains what we now refer to as the "web of life." The book documents the far-reaching negative impacts of mankind's destruction of grass and forest cover with examples of the desertification of once-productive land in China, Europe and North Africa. Many historians view Man and Nature as the first popular introduction to the science of ecology.
23. PATUX_190728_339.JPG: John Wesley Powell (1834-1902) Explorer, geologist, anthropologist, and conservationist, John Wesley Powell unlocked many secrets of the Southwest more than a hundred years ago. After serving as lieutenant in the Civil War, Powell accepted the position of professor of natural history at Illinois State Normal University. He was the second director of the U.S. Geological Survey (1881-94) Conducting field trips along the Colorado River infused him with a passion for exploration, and led to his determination to embark upon a 1500-mile expedition along the river from Wyoming to Yuma, Arizona, in 1869. Funded by a federal grant, Powell's second survey of the Colorado River, known as the Powell Survey, lasted two years, during which he studied the geology of the river and mapped its course. Powell's field work led to the concept of combining land, water, vegetation, and man to constitute a delicate balance of nature. In the first edition of his Report of the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States, he pleaded for the reform of land-use laws to help maintain that balance.
24. PATUX_190728_341.JPG: Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) Henry David Thoreau abandoned any pretense of a career in favor of observing and writing about nature. His book, Walden, published in 1854, reflects Thoreau's two years at Walden Pond and is universally considered one of the greatest masterpieces of nature writing. It is more widely read than any other book-length work of 19th century non-fiction, and has been translated into virtually every major language. Thoreau was more than simply a lover of nature. He was a keen student, a scientist, an observer, and philosopher. He believed that man derived his strength form contact with nature. Thoreau advocated setting aside tracts of land to remain forever wild for the benefit of future generations. He urged federal ownership of outstanding mountain ranges, waterfalls, and wilderness, saying "in wilderness is the preservation of the world."
25. PATUX_190728_346.JPG: Conservation Leaders John Burroughs John Muir George Bird Grinnell Anna Botsford Comstock William Temple Hornaday
26. PATUX_190728_369.JPG: Rights-of-Way Can Provide Valuable Habitat for Wildlife
Wikipedia Description: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Patuxent Wildlife Research Center is a biological research center in Maryland. It is one of only 17 research centers in the United States run by the U.S. Geological Survey. This USGS research center is located on the 12,841 acre U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Patuxent Wildlife Research Refuge, the only National Wildlife Refuge whose purpose it is to support wildlife research.

Mission:

Since its establishment in 1936 as the first wildlife experiment station in the United States, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center has been a leading international research institute for wildlife and applied environmental research, for transmitting research findings to those responsible for managing the United States's natural resources, and for providing technical assistance in implementing research findings so as to improve natural resource management.

Patuxent's scientists have been responsible for many important advances in natural resource conservation, especially in such areas as migratory birds, national monitoring programs for amphibians and birds, wildlife population analysis, waterfowl harvest, habitat management, wetlands, coastal zone and flood plain management, contaminants, endangered species, urban wildlife, ecosystem management, and management of national parks and national wildlife refuges.

The Center develops and manages national inventory and monitoring programs and is responsible for the North American Bird Banding Program and leadership of other national bird monitoring programs. The Center's scientific and technical assistance publications, wildlife databases, and electronic media are used nationally and worldwide in managing biological resources.

The focus of the Center's mission and vision for the future is to continue its dynamic international, national, and regional leadership in wildlife research. The Center will enhance its accomplishments in generating, interpreting, evaluating, and transmitting the scientific information needed to better address the pressing problems of managing the United States's biological resources, especially those under the stewardship of the Department of the Interior, other Federal and non-Federal partners. Today's challenges in natural resource management involve new approaches such as adaptive management, landscape and ecosystem scale management, partnerships among multiple stakeholders, and transfer and use of the huge store of existing information using modern technology.

The Center is a Federal research facility directed by the United States government to conduct research necessary to fulfill Federal responsibilities, primarily those of the Department of the Interior. The U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, of which the Center is a part, works with others to provide the information needed to manage the United States's biological resources. Thus, scientific information needs of partner agencies strongly influence much of the Center's scientific agenda.

The Center also receives funds directly from agencies benefiting from our research and from other partner organizations, such as those co-located at its Laurel headquarters. Such support provides critical resources that enhance the scope and value of the Center's activities, within the mission of the Division.

Science conducted at the Center, like any scientific enterprise, ultimately, is driven by the pressing public natural resource needs coupled with the intellectual creativity and motivation of its scientists and technical staff. No research program will succeed unless it flows from the creative energies of its scientists. The research of Center scientists must be engaged at the cutting edge of scientific understanding to assure the long term success of natural resources management.

Note: much of this material was copied directly from the USGS web page on Patuxent, a public domain resource. Please edit to make more encyclopedic.

History:

The land that now comprises the 12,841 acres of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center was mostly farmland from the colonial period through at least World War I. Well-known landholders such as the Snowden and Duvall families owned substantial amounts of land during the colonial period and well through the 19th century. The legacy of the Snowden family can still be found in two historic homes of the area, one of which (Snowden Hall) actually stands on Patuxent Refuge property. In addition to these dwellings, there still exists quite a few cemeteries whose headstones bear the inscriptions of both the Snowdens and Duvalls, in addition to lesser-known surnames such as the Woodwards, Donaldsons, and Waters families.

Almost all of the 8,100 acres that makes up what is now called the "North Tract" (the Patuxent River bisects the refuge into the North and Central/South Tracts) were transferred in 1991 from the Defense Department's Fort Meade landholdings. It is here that the history of Patuxent Refuge is most apparent to the everyday visitor. Prior to the Department of Defense's ownership of the land in 1917, many old roads that would eventually be incorporated into use for training exercises by the Army existed. Part of the DOD's Trainfire Road, now known as the Wildlife Loop, once linked the railroad town of Woodwardville with Laurel, Maryland. Long before the area became a densely-wooded haven for wildlife amidst a heavily-populated urban corridor, the old Duvall and Lemons Bridges transported people between Prince Georges and Anne Arundel Counties. The former still exists as a newer bridge rebuilt in the 1940s, whereas only cement posts along either side of the river offer any vestige of what was Lemon's Bridge. Perhaps the most historic old road of all, which utilized Duvall Bridge, was the old Telegraph Road. It once linked Baltimore and Washington, and today it is still possible to see century-old telegraph poles along the road in both the Central and South Tracts.

Fort Meade:

Fort George G. Meade, an active Army base, is near the research center. In October 1991, 7,600 acres were transferred from the base to the Patuxent National Research Refuge; in January 1993, another 500 were transferred, as part of Defense Appropriation Bills for 1991 and 1992, respectively.

As part of the U.S. Defense Department's 2005 Base Realignment and Closure process, several additional activities are scheduled to move to Fort Meade around 2010. These include the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), Adjudication and Office of Hearing and Appeals Offices, and several DoD media activities. Several parcels of land have been made available for commercial lease.

A September 2007 environmental impact report described the expansion, and particularly the proposed two additional 18-hole golf courses, as a "significant threat to the biological and territorial integrity of the Patuxent Research Refuge, a unique national interest in the forefront of scientific research and protection." In response, the Army said that it is taking steps to limit the environmental damage but that the golf courses are needed for "maintaining the quality of life for soldiers and their families."
Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.) I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
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