MA -- Lexington:
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- LEX_190809_14.JPG: Lexington Battle Green
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Lexington Battle Green, properly known as Lexington Common, is the historic town common of Lexington, Massachusetts. It was at this site that the opening shots of the Battles of Lexington and Concord were fired on April 19, 1775, starting the American Revolutionary War. Now a public park, the common is a National Historic Landmark.
History
Unlike many other towns, Lexington did not set aside a separate common area when the town was laid out. In 1711, the townspeople raised funds by subscription, and purchased 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) of land as a militia training ground. This was enlarged by one more acre in 1722. The common is a triangular parcel of land, bounded by Massachusetts Avenue, Bedford Street, and Harrington Road, and is located just northwest of Lexington's commercial center. The Buckman Tavern, one of the area's busiest local taverns, stands across Bedford Street; it is also a National Historic Landmark.
On April 19, 1775, local militiamen emerged from Buckman Tavern adjacent to the common and formed two rows on the common to face arriving British troops. The militiamen suffered the first casualties of the American Revolution when the two sides exchanged fire.
Description
The battle green, now a public park, is a grassy expanse with a few mature trees. There are several memorials on the fringes of the common, the most iconic being the statue representing Captain John Parker, the leader of the Lexington militia, which stands at its eastern corner. It was erected in 1900 at the bequest of Francis Brown Hayes, and was sculpted by Massachusetts artist Henry Hudson Kitson.
A bronze plaque, placed in 1910 by the Daughters of the American Revolution, marks the original location of the Old Belfry. The Belfry was moved several times before being destroyed by a gale in 1909. It was rebuilt the following year and is now located on a hill just south of the park. Near the western corner of the park stands what is considered the oldest memorial to the Revolution: the Revolutionary War Monument, a granite obelisk erected in 1799. In 1835, the remains of seven of the eight militiamen killed in the battle were exhumed from the nearby Old Burying Ground and reburied within the monument's iron fence. The monument also marks the approximate western end of the Patriot line. The line's eastern end is marked with an inscribed boulder.
The battle green is one of only eight locations in the United States where the U.S. flag is specifically authorized by law to fly twenty-four hours a day, though the U.S. Flag Code (4 U.S.C. §4-10) allows for the flag to be displayed anywhere "24 hours a day if properly illuminated during the hours of darkness."
Inside the municipally-operated Lexington Visitors Center is a diorama depicting the Battle of Lexington.
- LEX_190809_21.JPG: Birth place of American liberty
- LEX_190809_35.JPG: The Bequest of
Francis Brown Hayes
to the Town of Lexington
Erected 1899
- LEX_190809_73.JPG: Lexington Historical Society
Buckman Tavern
c 1709
Gathering Place of the Lexington Militia
April 19, 1775
- LEX_190809_77.JPG: In Honor of
Prince Estabrook
Prince Estabrook was a slave who lived in Lexington. At dawn on April, 19, 1775, he was one of the Lexington Minute Men awaiting the arrival of the British Regulars at the Buckman Tavern. In the battle which followed, Prince Estabrook was wounded on Lexington Green. Through circumstances and destiny, he thus became the first black soldier to fight in the American Revolution.
This monument is dedicated to the memory of Prince Estabrook and the thousands of other courageous black patriots long denied the recognition they deserve.
Donated by the Alice Hinkle Memorial Fund
April 21, 2008
- Wikipedia Description: Lexington, Massachusetts
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lexington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 30,355 at the 2000 census.
The town is famous for being the site of the opening shots of the American Revolution, in the Battle of Lexington on April 19, 1775.
History:
Lexington was first settled in 1642 as the Cambridge Farms parish of Cambridge, Massachusetts and was incorporated as a separate town in 1713. How it received its name is the subject of some controversy. Some people believe that it was named in honor of Lord Lexington, a British nobleman. Some, on the other hand, believe that it was named after Lexington (which was pronounced and today spelled Laxton) in Nottinghamshire, England.
For decades, Lexington showed modest growth while remaining largely a farming community, providing Boston with much of its produce. It always had a bustling downtown area, which remains so to this day. Lexington began to prosper, helped by its close proximity to Boston, and having a rail line (now the Minuteman Bikeway) service its citizens and businesses. For many years, East Lexington was considered a separate entity from the rest of the town, and it still retains its own sense of identity, due in part to some of its blue-collar neighborhoods, a contrast to many of the wealthier parts of town.
Lexington, as well as many of the towns along the Route 128 corridor, experienced a jump in population in the 1960s and 70s, due to the high-tech boom. Property values in the town soared, and the school system became nationally recognized for its excellence. The town participates in the METCO program, which buses minority students from Boston to suburban towns to, in theory, receive a better education in a safer environment than in Boston Public Schools.
Lexington was the location of the first military engagement of the American Revolutionary War. Every year, on the third Monday of April, the town observes Patriots' Day. Events begin with Paul Revere's Ride, with a special re-enactment of the Battles of Lexington and Concord. At 6 a.m., there is a re-enactment of the skirmish on the Battle Green, with shots fired from the Battle Green and the nearby Buckman Tavern (to account for the fact that no one knows where the first shot was fired from, or by whom). After the rout, the British march on toward Concord. The battle in Lexington allowed the Concord militia time to organize at the Old North Bridge, where they were able to turn back the British and prevent them from capturing and destroying the militia's arms stores. The actual events occurred on April 19, 1775.
Throughout the rest of the year many tourists enjoy tours of the town's historic landmarks such as Buckman Tavern, Munroe Tavern, and the Hancock-Clarke House, which are maintained by the town's historical society. ...
Points of interest:
* Lexington is probably most well-known for its history and is home to many historical buildings, parks, and monuments, most dating from Colonial and Revolutionary times.
* One of the most prominent historical landmarks, located in Lexington Center, is the Battle Green, where the skirmish was fought, and the Minute Man Statue in front of it.
* Another important historical monument is the Revolutionary Monument, the nation's oldest war memorial (completed on July 4, 1799) and the gravesite of those colonists slain in the Battle of Lexington.
* Other landmarks of historical importance include the Old Burying Ground (with gravestones dating back to 1690), the Old Belfry, Buckman Tavern (circa 1704-1710), Munroe Tavern (circa 1690), the Hancock-Clarke House (circa 1698), the U.S.S. Lexington Memorial, the Old Depot train station, and Follen Church (the oldest standing church building in Lexington, built in 1839).
* Lexington is also home to the 900-acre Minute Man National Historical Park and the National Heritage Museum, which showcases exhibits on American history and popular culture.
* Central to the town is Lexington's town center, home to numerous dining opportunities, fine art galleries, retail shopping, a small cinema, the Cary Memorial Library, the Minuteman Bikeway, Depot Square, and many of the aforementioned historical landmarks.
* Lexington is also renowned for its public education system, which includes six elementary schools, two middle schools, and Lexington High School, ranked the 304th best high school in the nation.
* The Cotting School, America's first day school for children with special needs, moved to Lexington in 1986.
* Lexington Gardens Nursery is home to the second Victory Garden from the gardening show The Victory Garden
* The Great Meadow a.k.a Arlington's Great Meadows, is a sprawling meadow and marshland located in East Lexington, but owned by the town of Arlington, Lexington's neighbor to the east.
* Willards Woods Conservation Area, a small forest of conservation land donated years ago by the Willard Sisters.
* Wilson Farms, a small farm and farm stand in operation since 1884.
* Notable Lexington neighborhoods include Meriam Hill, Irish Village, Four Corners, Follen Heights, and East Lexington "The East End".
Notable residents:
* Henry Abraham, Nobel Peace Prize recipient
* Steve Bennett, film producer, pioneer of digital cinema
* Sir Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web
* Stephen Bladd, drummer for the J. Geils Band
* Harold Dow Bugbee, Wesern artist born in Lexington
* Noam Chomsky, professor of linguistics at MIT, anarchist, author of the Letters from Lexington
* Francis Judd Cooke, composer
* Robert Dentler, sociologist, special master for the Boston school desegregation case
* John M. Deutch, Deputy Secretary of Defense (1994–1995) and Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) (1995–1996)
* Rachel Dratch, cast member of Saturday Night Live
* David Elkind, child psychologist, author
* Philip Elmer-DeWitt, science editor for Time Magazine
* Jean B. Fletcher, Norman C. Fletcher, (See John & Sarah Harkness below)
* Henry Louis Gates, Jr., African-American Studies scholar, co-editor of Encarta Africana encyclopedia
* Dana Greeley, last president of the American Unitarian Association and first president of the Unitarian Universalist Association.
* Tissa Hami, comic
* Rev. John Hancock, grandfather of Mass. Governor, revolutionary and businessman John Hancock
* John C. Harkness and Sarah P. Harkness, founders of The Architects Collaborative in Cambridge, Massachusetts with Bauhaus veteran Walter Gropius
* Bill Janovitz, lead singer and guitarist of the rock and roll band Buffalo Tom
* Tama Janowitz, author, 'Slaves of New York' (1986)
* Dennis Johnson, guard for the Boston Celtics
* Claude Julien, current head coach for the Boston Bruins
* Joyce Kulhawik, arts and entertainment anchor for WBZ-TV news
* Steve Leach, former NHL Player
* Bill Lichtenstein, journalist, filmmaker, radio producer
* Salvador Luria, Nobel Prize in Medicine
* Rollie Massimino, lead Villanova Wildcats to basketball national championship in 1985, former Lexington High School teacher and coach
* Matt Nathanson, musician
* Eugene Mirman, comedian
* Douglas Melton, pioneer of stem cell research
* Mario Molina, Nobel Prize in Physics
* Joseph Nye, political analyst, author of Soft power
* Amanda Palmer, songwriter, vocalist, pianist of the duo The Dresden Dolls
* Charles Ponzi, con man
* John Rawls, philosopher; known for his theory of justice
* Ruth Sawyer, author, winner of the Newbery Medal
* Clarence Skinner, Dean of Crane School of Theology at Tufts and influential 20th century American Universalist.
* Clifford Shull, Nobel Prize in Physics
* Tom Silva, Building Contractor and co-host of the PBS show "This Old House".
* Abigail Thernstrom, vice chair of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
* Melanie Thernstrom, author
* Sheila E. Widnall, aerospace researcher and educator at MIT, former Secretary of the Air Force
* Edward Osborne Wilson, entomologist and author
* Bill Wright, Former MIT Professor and President & CEO Wrightsoft Corp.
* Ethan Zohn, winner of Survivor: Africa
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