BGuthrie Photos: DC -- International Spy Museum (New Location) -- 4. Covert Action

DC -- International Spy Museum (New Location) -- 4. Covert Action:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. SPY4C_190507_004.JPG: Covert Action
2. SPY4C_190507_010.JPG: Sleeping Beauty Goes for a Swim
3. SPY4C_190507_016.JPG: Masters of Deception
4. SPY4C_190507_019.JPG: Deception: The Art of Artifice
5. SPY4C_190507_035.JPG: Deception Technique: Hiding in Plain Sight
6. SPY4C_190507_059.JPG: Deception Technique: Appearing Larger Than Life
7. SPY4C_190507_108.JPG: Beware the Ninja
8. SPY4C_190507_111.JPG: Move Like a Ninja!
9. SPY4C_190507_112.JPG: Dressed to Disappear This shinobi shozoku is a modern interpretation of the centuries-old ninja uniform. The outfit uses colors to hide the wearer: dark for nightmare, white for snowy settings, and camouflage for slipping unseen through a forest. Hidden pockets hold the ninja's tools, weapons, and first aid kit.
10. SPY4C_190507_123.JPG: Shooting Stars Ninjas prefer to slip in and out unobserved. But sometimes they need to defend themselves. Their most famous weapon is the star-shaped shuriken ("sword hidden in the hand"). Ninjas use the easy-to-carry stars primarily to slash or disorient an agent. A shuriken is barely visible when thrown, making it difficult to dodge.
11. SPY4C_190507_145.JPG: Operation Gunnerside: Thwarting the Nazi A-bomb
12. SPY4C_190507_147.JPG: Sabotage!
13. SPY4C_190507_151.JPG: Operation Satanique: Attack on the Rainbow Warrior
14. SPY4C_190507_157.JPG: The Art of Propaganda
15. SPY4C_190507_166.JPG: Soviet Active Measures: Who Really Killed JFK?
16. SPY4C_190507_172.JPG: Who Can You Trust?
17. SPY4C_190507_177.JPG: How to Make a Monster?
18. SPY4C_190507_183.JPG: Secrets Exposed?
19. SPY4C_190507_189.JPG: Soviet Active Measures: AIDS Disinformation Operation
20. SPY4C_190507_192.JPG: Soviet Active Measures: AIDS Disinformation Operation
21. SPY4C_190507_198.JPG: Soviet Active Measures: AIDS Disinformation Operation
22. SPY4C_190507_200.JPG: Soviet Active Measures: AIDS Disinformation Operation
23. SPY4C_190507_205.JPG: Just a Cute Kids' Book?
24. SPY4C_190507_209.JPG: A Genuine Show of Affection?
25. SPY4C_190507_222.JPG: Documenting a Massacre?
26. SPY4C_190507_225.JPG: Who Can You Trust?
27. SPY4C_190507_233.JPG: White Propaganda: Clearly identifies who is behind it. Though it expresses a one-sided point-of-view, it is truthful and open about its source. Cold War radio broadcasts by the Voice of America were examples of white propaganda. They spread the US government viewpoint -- and said so.
28. SPY4C_190507_236.JPG: Gray Propaganda: Doesn't reveal its source. For example, an intel agency might promote its mission by anonymously funding an organization. In 1953, CIA officers in Iran paid journalists at local newspapers to write articles spreading negative views of Iran's Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh. The campaign was part of Operation AJAX, a successful effort to overthrow Mossadegh's government.
29. SPY4C_190507_239.JPG: Black Propaganda: Deliberately hides who's behind it. In fact, it often identifies a false source. In 1956, after sending tanks to squelch a popular uprising in Hungary, the Soviet Union a black propaganda operation that even fooled the CIA. "Radio Free Hungary" pleaded for the US to send troops. But the station was actually run by the KGB to embarrass the US, which had no intention of intervening.
30. SPY4C_190507_248.JPG: Enemies Beware?
31. SPY4C_190507_255.JPG: A Promise of Peace?
32. SPY4C_190507_260.JPG: It's Gripping... But is it True?
33. SPY4C_190507_265.JPG: Child's Play?
34. SPY4C_190507_273.JPG: Undermining Morale
35. SPY4C_190507_285.JPG: Fake News!
36. SPY4C_190507_294.JPG: Seductive, Sentimental... Subversive
37. SPY4C_190507_300.JPG: Marlene Dietrich: German Star, American Agent
38. SPY4C_190507_304.JPG: A Nazi Voice in Every Home
39. SPY4C_190507_310.JPG: Luring Listeners with MUZAK
40. SPY4C_190507_322.JPG: The League of Lonely War Women
41. SPY4C_190507_328.JPG: Power Through Propaganda
42. SPY4C_190507_331.JPG: Propaganda: The Power of Persuasion
43. SPY4C_190507_340.JPG: Secret Soldiers
44. SPY4C_190507_343.JPG: Operation Zapata: Fiasco in Cuba
45. SPY4C_190507_345.JPG: Anatomy of a Covert Action Failure
46. SPY4C_190507_352.JPG: Weak Operational Security
47. SPY4C_190507_355.JPG: No Plausible Deniability
48. SPY4C_190507_357.JPG: Castro's business card, Cuba, 1959-1976
49. SPY4C_190507_363.JPG: By the Numbers
50. SPY4C_190507_366.JPG: Cubans wore this armband as part of Fidel Castro's revolutionary "26th of July Movement" to overthrow the old regime
51. SPY4C_190507_371.JPG: After the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuban State Security looked for the exiles. They dropped these documents over the island, offering not to execute them if they surrendered.
52. SPY4C_190507_376.JPG: This medal from the Cuban Committee for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR) was given to civilians who worked with the government against counterrevolution.
53. SPY4C_190507_387.JPG: If at First You Don't Succeed... The Bay of Pigs fiasco didn't stop American efforts to topple Fidel Castro. The CIA used this stamp to classify documents "Mongoose," codename for a host of anti-Castro activities across the US government. These including sparking local uprisings and lethal action; there were at least eight assassination plots from 1960 to 1965.
54. SPY4C_190507_395.JPG: Reaping the Blowback
55. SPY4C_190507_400.JPG: Flag of a Failed Mission This is one of only two surviving battle flags of Brigade 2506, the CIA-sponsored Cuban exiles who carried out the Bay of Pigs invasion. The brigade's name comes from code numbers assigned to each fighter. To trick Castro into thinking the force was larger, numbering began at 2500. Number 2506 belonged to their first casualty: Carlos (Carlyle) Rafael Santana Estevez, who died in a 1960 training accident.
56. SPY4C_190507_404.JPG: Flag of a Failed Mission This is one of only two surviving battle flags of Brigade 2506, the CIA-sponsored Cuban exiles who carried out the Bay of Pigs invasion. The brigade's name comes from code numbers assigned to each fighter. To trick Castro into thinking the force was larger, numbering began at 2500. Number 2506 belonged to their first casualty: Carlos (Carlyle) Rafael Santana Estevez, who died in a 1960 training accident.
57. SPY4C_190507_410.JPG: Backing the Mujahideen
58. SPY4C_190507_413.JPG: Operation Cyclone: Success in Afghanistan
59. SPY4C_190507_415.JPG: Winning Hearts and Minds
60. SPY4C_190507_419.JPG: Shadow Warrior: Felix Rodriguez
61. SPY4C_190507_420.JPG: What Went Right in Afghanistan?
62. SPY4C_190507_424.JPG: Anatomy of a Covert Action Success
63. SPY4C_190507_437.JPG: Covert Action Wheel of Fortune
64. SPY4C_190507_440.JPG: Exfiltration: Escaping Secretly
65. SPY4C_190507_443.JPG: Antonio "Tony" Mendez, Master of Disguise
66. SPY4C_190507_447.JPG: This kit contains the tools Mendez needed to forge cover documents and pocket litter. It contains rubber stamps with immigration seals, colored chalks and markers, a pen knife, and various other items.
67. SPY4C_190507_450.JPG: The Movie that Wasn't Most Hollywood films are fiction. In this case, so was the production studio. To support the ruse, Mendez's team created Studio Six, for the six houseguests. They found a real script -- a sci-fi film called Argo -- set in the desert, perfect for arid Iran. They even took out ads for Argo in Hollywood trade papers and held casting calls. All in the name of creating an ironclad cover.
68. SPY4C_190507_455.JPG: Details, Details Small slip-ups can blow your cover. Attention to detail makes a disguise believable.
69. SPY4C_190507_466.JPG: From Government to Groovy
70. SPY4C_190507_468.JPG: A Secret Star CIA Director Stansfield Turner awarded this Intelligence Star to Tony Mendez in 1980 for his role in rescuing US diplomats. It honors "acts of courage performed under hazardous conditions or for outstanding achievements... under conditions of grave risk." Though he received a Star, Mendez didn't immediately become a star. The medal had to be kept secret for 17 years.
71. SPY4C_190507_472.JPG: A Canadian Caper The CIA kept mum about its role for 17 years. The Canadians -- from Ambassador Ken Taylor to the Parliament -- were hailed as the heroes. Tony Mendez and the US role remained secret until the rescue operation was declassified in 1997.
72. SPY4C_190507_476.JPG: Thank You, Canada On his return from Iran, Mendez was surprised to see yellow ribbons and "Thank You, Canada" signs across America. Canada's role in the operation had been essential. Equally important was maintaining the Canadian cover story.
73. SPY4C_190507_484.JPG: Undermining Nations
74. SPY4C_190507_491.JPG: Military Cross posthumously awarded to Sidney Reilly, 1919
75. SPY4C_190507_494.JPG: War Games! This Russian Civil War chess set pits the Bolshevik leaders and secret police against the anti-communist White Army. The Bolshevik chess pieces feature, among others, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Josef Stalin, and intelligence chief Felix Dzerzhinksy. The White Army pieces portray Cossacks and former soldiers of the Russian Imperial Army.
76. SPY4C_190507_502.JPG: A Bolshevik Banner This banner depicts the "Glory and service" of the ChON, which carried out "special tasks" for the secret police -- including kidnapping, sabotage, and assassination.
77. SPY4C_190507_513.JPG: Rulers and Rainmakers
78. SPY4C_190507_515.JPG: The KGB's Lab X
79. SPY4C_190507_519.JPG: Lethal in London As Bulgarian emigre Georgi Markov waited for a bus on a busy London street in 1978, he felt a sharp pain on the back of his leg. Insect bite? Bee sting? He thought little of it at the moment. Four days later, his heart stopped. What had happened? Markov, an outspoken critic of his country's communist government, had defected to the West 10 years earlier. Follow the chain of evidence to uncover how his voice was silenced... and by whom.
80. SPY4C_190507_522.JPG: The Target: Georgi Markov
81. SPY4C_190507_524.JPG: The Weapon Scotland Yard's Final Assessment: * A poison pellet entered Markov's body through the small hole found in his trousers. * The fabric wasn't burned, as it would be with a gunshot, suggesting an air gun. * Markov described being approached by a man with an umbrella. * Conclusion: Georgi Markov was assassinated by an air gun disguised as an umbrella.
82. SPY4C_190507_528.JPG: The Assassination
83. SPY4C_190507_530.JPG: The Evidence
84. SPY4C_190507_532.JPG: Erased from History
85. SPY4C_190507_536.JPG: A Chinese Communist Falls from Favor In the early 1930s, senior Chinese Communist Party leader Qin Bangxia, known as Bo Gu, posed with colleagues. He later lost the confidence of Party head Mao Zedong (right) -- which may explain why he vanished from the photo.
86. SPY4C_190507_540.JPG: North Korea Eliminates a Rival In a 2008 documentary, future North Korean leader Kim Jong-un greeted supporters, including his uncle, Jang Song-thaek, a powerful political figure. Executive for treason four years later, Jang vanished from official records... and this video.
87. SPY4C_190507_549.JPG: Bolshevik Breakup In October 1919, Lenin and Trotsky stood together for the Russian Revolution's second anniversary. Five years later, after Trotsky lost a power struggle to succeed Lenin, Stalin -- the new leader -- erased all traces of him from history books... and this photo.
88. SPY4C_190507_551.JPG: Erased from History
89. SPY4C_190507_555.JPG: Fakery: Lost and Found These artifacts of the Nazi counterfeiting effort are incredibly rare. The ten pound printing plate is the only one known to have survived, recovered from Austria's Lake Toplitz years after the Germans sank their printing equipment and remaining notes in 1945. The Nazis used forged bills such as this one to pay agents and informants, possibly including those who helped rescue Benito Mussolini after he was kidnapped.
90. SPY4C_190520_009.JPG: Operation Satanique: Attack on the Rainbow Warrior
91. SPY4C_190520_070.JPG: Lethal Action: Eliminating an Adversary
92. SPY4C_190520_077.JPG: Anatomy of an Assassination: Markov
93. SPY4C_190520_082.JPG: The KBG's Lab X
94. SPY4C_190520_089.JPG: Lethal in London As Bulgarian emigre Georgi Markov waited for a bus on a busy London street in 1978, he felt a sharp pain on the back of his leg. Insect bite? Bee sting? He thought little of it at the moment. Four days later, his heart stopped. What had happened? Markov, an outspoken critic of his country's communist government, had defected to the West 10 years earlier. Follow the chain of evidence to uncover how his voice was silenced... and by whom.
95. SPY4C_190520_110.JPG: The Suspect
96. SPY4C_190520_124.JPG: The Weapon Scotland Yard's Final Assessment: * A poison pellet entered Markov's body through the small hole found in his trousers. * The fabric wasn't burned, as it would be with a gunshot, suggesting an air gun. * Markov described being approached by a man with an umbrella. * Conclusion: Georgi Markov was assassinated by an air gun disguised as an umbrella.
97. SPY4C_190520_161.JPG: Anatomy of an Assassination: Trotsky
98. SPY4C_190520_165.JPG: Murder in Mexico In 1940, exiled Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky welcomed a man he thought was a friend into his private study. Moments later, Trotsky lay bleeding on the floor, victim of a grisly blow to the head that ended his life the next day. What happened? How had an assassin gained access to the heavily guarded compound of the world's most famous political exile? Follow the trail of evidence to uncover who murdered Trotsky... and how.
99. SPY4C_190520_172.JPG: The Target
100. SPY4C_190520_177.JPG: The Order The NKVD codenames its mission UTKA, which had a double meaning in Russian: "duck" and "fake news". It's appropriate for a hunt to eliminate to man Stalin sees as a sitting duck and a source of disinformation.
101. SPY4C_190520_181.JPG: Fail Attempt
102. SPY4C_190520_187.JPG: The Assassin Name: Ramon Mercader Cover Name: Jacques Monard, Frank Jacson Codename: RAYMOND Background: Spanish Civil War veteran and trained Soviet (NKVD) assassin * Mercader spends two years seducing Sylvia Ageloff, sister of Trotsky's former secretary. * The couple moves from Paris to New York, and then Mexico City where Ageloff introduces Mercader to Trotsky (under cover name Mornard). * Mercader slowly earns Trotsky's trust, visiting his compound 10 times.
103. SPY4C_190520_197.JPG: The Weapon Ramon Mercader hid his shortened ice climbing axe under his suit jacket, suspended by string. Look closely: a rust mark from his bloody fingerprint is still visible on the blade. The Mexican Police Department kept the axe as evidence, later putting it on exhibit. When its museum director retired in the 1960s, he received the axe as a retirement gift. For 40 years, his daughter slept with it under her bed.
104. SPY4C_190520_206.JPG: The Assassination
105. SPY4C_190520_212.JPG: The Accomplices
106. SPY4C_190520_218.JPG: Global Impact
107. SPY4C_190520_222.JPG: The Sentence A Mexican court sentenced Ramon Mercader -- then known only by his cover name, Jacques Mornard -- to 20 years. In prison, he never admitted his real name, keeping his cover and insisting he had acted alone. Released in 1960, Mercader received a hero's welcome in Moscow. On his deathbed in 1978, his chilling last words were: "I hear it always. I hear the scream. I know he's waiting for me on the other side."
108. SPY4C_190520_229.JPG: Artifacts of an Assassin Ramon Mercader was wearing these glasses as he drove an axe into Leon Trotsky's skull in 1940. They shattered when guards burst in and beat him. After serving 20 years in prison, he lived in the Soviet Union and Cuba until his death in 1979. The Soviets presented Comrade Ramon Ivanovich Lopez -- his operational name -- with this engraved gold watch and made him a Hero of the Soviet Union, the USSR's highest honor.
109. SPY4C_190520_258.JPG: Real Spies Real Stories
110. SPY4C_190520_265.JPG: Undermining Nations
111. SPY4C_190520_269.JPG: Undoing the Russian Revolution
112. SPY4C_190520_275.JPG: Sidney Reilly Ace of Spies
113. SPY4C_190520_280.JPG: Creating the Legend of Sidney Reilly
114. SPY4C_190520_286.JPG: Robert Bruce Lockhart Hoping to Change History
115. SPY4C_190520_298.JPG: Failed Plotter, Famed Author
116. SPY4C_190520_307.JPG: How to Topple the Regime
117. SPY4C_190520_312.JPG: Mission: Improbable
118. SPY4C_190520_317.JPG: Job Well Done? In 1919, Sidney Reilly was posthumously awarded the Military Cross for his services in the field. R.H. Lockhart received a knighthood during WWII.
119. SPY4C_190520_320.JPG: Abort Mission
120. SPY4C_190520_329.JPG: A Rare Scent of a Secret Plot Sidney Reilly gave this silver cigar box to Bruce Lockhart in 1918: "To R.H. Bruce Lockhart, H.B.M.'s Representative in Russia in 1918 (during the Boschevik [sic] Regime), In remembrance Of events in Moscow in August & September of that year, from his faithful Lieutenant, Sidney Reilly." This artifact is one of the few pieces of physical evidence connecting Lockhart, Reilly, and their attempted coup.
121. SPY4C_190520_333.JPG: The Plot Fizzles
122. SPY4C_190520_336.JPG: Russia's Stamp of Approval
123. SPY4C_190520_340.JPG: The Bolsheviks Strike Back
124. SPY4C_190520_344.JPG: The Heavy Hand of "Iron Felix"
125. SPY4C_190520_353.JPG: War Games! This Russian Civil War chess set puts the Bolshevik leaders and secret police against the anti-communist White Army. The Bolshevik chess pieces feature, among others, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Josef Stalin, and intelligence chief Felix Dzerzhinsky. The White Army pieces portray Cossacks and former soldiers of the Russian Imperial Army. Chess set, USSR, ca 1945
126. SPY4C_190520_364.JPG: A Bolshevik Banner This banner depicts the "glory of service" of the ChON, which carried out "special tasks" for the secret police -- including kidnapping, sabotage, and assassination.
127. SPY4C_190520_382.JPG: A Counterfeit Invasion
128. SPY4C_190520_396.JPG: Fakery: Lost and Found These artifacts of the Nazi counterfeiting effort are incredibly rare. The ten pound printing plate is the only one known to have survived, recovered from Austria's Lake Toplitz years after the Germans sank their printing equipment and remaining notes in 1945. The Nazis used forged bills such as this one to pay agents and informants, possibly including those who helped rescue Benito Mussolini after he was kidnapped.
129. SPY4C_190520_404.JPG: Lipstick Pistol
130. SPY4C_190520_418.JPG: In The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Moonraker (1979), murderous henchman Jaws uses his steel teeth to bite through steel cable, kill a shark, and battle 007.
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2019 photos: Equipment this year: I continued to use my Fuji XS-1 cameras but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000. Trips this year: a four-day jaunt to Massachusetts (Boston, Stockbridge, and Springfield) to experience rain in another state, Asheville, NC to visit Dad and his wife Dixie, four trips to New York City (including the United Nations, Flushing, and the New York Comic-Con), and my 14th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con (including sites in Utah). Number of photos taken this year: about 582,000.
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