BGuthrie Photos: NV -- Tonopah -- Historic Mining Park

NV -- Tonopah -- Historic Mining Park:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. TONMIN_180711_051.JPG: What Lies Beneath?
2. TONMIN_180711_075.JPG: The Discovery That Revived Nevada
3. TONMIN_180711_076.JPG: A Two Billion Dollar View!
4. TONMIN_180711_081.JPG: The Tonopah Mining Boom In 1900. Jim Butler stopped at a site known as Tonapah, or Little Water, in the Western Shoshone language. Taking a few rock samples, he discovered a mine that led to one of the most important mineral finds of the early twentieth century. As the extent of the bonanza became known, miners and prospectors flocked to the area. The Tonopah boom revitalized the mining West. From 1900 to 1910, newspaper reporters kept busy writing about spectacular new mining camps throughout southern Nevada, including Goldfield, Rhyolite, Kawich, Manhattan, Round Mountain, Wonder, and Fairview. Many proved to be exaggerated but Tonopah continued. The Tonopah mines eventually shipped over 5,000,000 tons of ore. Through a new system called leasing, stock issuing corporations were created, bringing in needed capital to promote the new mines including the Desert Queen, Mizpah, Silver Top, and Tonopah Extension. Erected this 18th day of July, 2009 by the Transsierra Roisterous Alliance of Senior Humbugs and the Queho Posse. Lucinda Jane Saunders, Julia C. Bulette and Snowhoe Thompson Chapters of E. Clampus Vitus in conjunction with the Town of Tonopah, The Tonapah Historical Mining Park and Tonopah Sand and Gravel.
5. TONMIN_180711_091.JPG: Tonopah Mining Company Main Office
6. TONMIN_180711_102.JPG: A Miner's Life
7. TONMIN_180711_117.JPG: Silver Top Mine
8. TONMIN_180711_136.JPG: Silver Top Mine "Grizzly" And Ore Bins
9. TONMIN_180711_155.JPG: Grizzly
10. TONMIN_180711_168.JPG: Silver Top Mine
11. TONMIN_180711_185.JPG: Silver Top Mine Hoist House
12. TONMIN_180711_202.JPG: Cage Tested Friday 13 November, 1942
13. TONMIN_180711_276.JPG: Powder Monkeys
14. TONMIN_180711_290.JPG: Muckers
15. TONMIN_180711_303.JPG: There had been a bunch of rain the previous night
16. TONMIN_180711_310.JPG: Cousin Jacks
17. TONMIN_180711_317.JPG: Bats and Mines
18. TONMIN_180711_344.JPG: Mine to Market
19. TONMIN_180711_355.JPG: Silver Vein When the prospectors wandered the Nevada Desert, they looked for specific types and combinations of rock. Often a certain rock, such as quartz in this vicinity, would signal the presence of gold, silver, or other metals which could mean a new strike. In 1900, Jim Butler found a silver-bearing quartz vein which led to the founding of one of the What's premier mining communities, Tonopah. Numerous other veins were found and exploited, with millions of dollars of silver and gold taken out of the hills. Veins were followed underground, and eventually many of the mines were connected to each other through vast tunnel systems. Even so, not every vein was located or mined. Near this spot, several silver veins break the surface, but were never exploited during the mining boom of the early twentieth century. These veins, though small, are a reminder of the work of thousands of men who searched for and mined the precious metals in some inhospitable areas of the desert, and in the process created many communities which continue to be a part of Nevada today. Dedicated this 15th day of September, 2013 By the Queho Posse Chapter 1919 of the Ancient and Honorable Order of E Clampus Vitus In Conjunction with the Tonopah Historic Mining Park and the Tonopah Town Board
20. TONMIN_180711_366.JPG: Stopes The stopes are where the ore bodies were mined out. These show where the veins actually came to the surface. Jim Butler's original discovery was on these veins near the back of the old fire house. The ore bodies averaged about 500' in depth and most of the stopes are that deep. The first 100' or so were mined from the surface down on leases led by Jim Butler between 1900 and 1901. The miners used windlass' and whims (horse drawn hoists) to get the ore to the surface. All drilling for blasting was done by hand using the "single jack" (one man) or "double jack" (two men) method. Light was furnished by candles. Timbers were put in by these early leasers to keep the walls from collapsing.
21. TONMIN_180711_378.JPG: The Leasers "From everywhere came hardy spirits..." A great mystery of the desert is how quickly word travels of a rich mineral strike! The discovery started America's last great mining rush. Belle and Jim devised a plan to handle the rush. They leased parts of their claim, the richest of all, to enthusiastic prospectors, who measured the areas they chose to excavate at three feet per step, and marked them with rocks. The Butlers never signed a contract with any of them- simply a verbal agreement for 25% of the profits the lease produced in a one year period. The Butlers entered the names into a notebook and the deal was done. The deep hole in front of you is called a stope and was dug out by those early miners in 1900-1901. They dug down 100 feet to dig out the ore. The timbers were placed to keep the holes from collapsing. Later mining took the stopes down to 500 feet, the total depth of the ore body - the depth of the stopes you see. "Leasers took four million dollars worth of ore from Tonopah without so much as a scrap of writing to prove their claims." - Historian Carl Glasscock
22. TONMIN_180711_391.JPG: Teamsters Once the ore was mined and sacked, it had to be hauled to the railroad. That task was entrusted to the Teamsters, so called because they drove teams of mules, horses or both. Each Teamster was assisted by a Swamper, who watered and fed the team at each stop on the 60 mile trip to the railhead at Sodaville. The receipt (right) shows that it was a 5 day trip for a team with a 100 sacks of ore weighing over five tons. A Horse-Powered Whim Hoist. is pictured in the foreground. In the distance, the teamster (mounted), swamper (next to wagon), and big team stand ready to take on a load of ore. Long-Line Hitch or Big Teams: Large freight wagons, often hitched together, could hold up to ten tons and were pulled by teams of 16, 18, 20 or more animals. Above:A long-line hitch prepares to load up for the trip to the railhead in 1906. Can you spot where this photo was taken?
23. TONMIN_180711_397.JPG: The Hoistmen
24. TONMIN_180711_413.JPG: Into the Depths Look above you to the large headframe of the Mizpah Mine on the hill. Imagine entering a cage at the bottom of that headframe. You would be lowered 1,500 feet (more than a 1/4 of a mile!), the depth of the Mizpah shaft. When you reached the bottom the cage opened and you would enter a tunnel similar to the one you see here. "Square set" timbers supported the mine and prevented cave-ins. Working The Mines The men sitting to the left near the axe and pick may have worked with the timber. The men in the center my be Cousin Jacks (drillers). Further right note the jackleg drill held upright and connected to the hose which provides air for power. the miners standing in the tunnel may be muckers who break up and shovel out the rock. Manual Steel Drill When you arrive at the end of the tunnel, look for the drill with the flattened head stuck in the rock. Unable to pull it out, a frustrated miner may have walked away in disgust. Dark And Light In the extreme darkness of mining underground, light was provided by candles. The miner's candlesticks (below) were he primary source. Jackleg Drill At the end of the tunnel, look to your right to discover this abandoned "jackleg" drill. The Burro Tunnel Is a re-creation of one of the many tunnels which lie under the Mining Park. As you enter, notice the heavy timbers. Original lighting would have been with candles. When you reach the end of the tunnel, you will come face to face with one of the original mine stopes called the "Burro Vein" of silver discovered by Jim Butler in May 1900. When the vein was first developed, the digging opened in this stope and the tunnel was built to bring out the ore. The ore was then loaded into ore cars located in the trench outside the tunnel. Later tunnels were dug to the Mizpah shaft, so that ore could be brought to the surface with a hoist.
25. TONMIN_180711_422.JPG: The Burro Tunnel
26. TONMIN_180711_466.JPG: Belle's Mine
27. TONMIN_180711_476.JPG: Big Money
28. TONMIN_180711_534.JPG: Haul Out the Riches
29. TONMIN_180711_577.JPG: Framing Building The pile of pipe beside the building is fan pipe which was used to send air down the mine and through the workings for ventilation. The air was supplied by large fans on the surface. The pile of wire on the hill behind the building is banding from bundles of timber that was shipped in on the railroad. The timbers were unloaded from the railroad cars and brought down to the framing building where it was cut to the dimensions needed for mine timbering and other uses. The building had saws inside and out. The saws were belt driven by electric motors and the pulleys can still be seen in the rafters. The boxes contain core samples from core drilling done to explore the eastern portion of the Tonopah District during the 1980's. Nothing of commercial value was found. Drills and other equipment from the grounds of the Tonopah Historic Mining Park are displayed inside.
30. TONMIN_180711_621.JPG: Breaking Ground
31. TONMIN_180711_640.JPG: The Railroads
32. TONMIN_180711_666.JPG: The heavy rain the previous night caused the staffer to check out some of the water spots.
33. TONMIN_180711_698.JPG: Montana-Tonopah Mine Vault
34. TONMIN_180711_714.JPG: Animal tracks in the mud from the recent rain storm
35. TONMIN_180711_746.JPG: Desert Queen Mine
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2018 photos: Overnight trips this year: (February) Greenville, NC for a Civil War Trust conference,, (May/June) Newport News, VA for another CWT conference, (July) my 13th consecutive trip to San Diego Comic-Con (including sites in Reno, Sacramento, San Francisco, and Los Angeles), (August twice, October) three trips to New York City (including New York Comic-Con), and (September) Chicago, IL for my CWT swansong event. Equipment this year: I continued to use my Fuji XS-1 cameras but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000. Number of photos taken this year: about 535,000.
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