DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (Archives of American Art) -- Exhibit: Pushing the Envelope: Mail Art:
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Description of Pictures: Pushing the Envelope: Mail Art from the Archives of American Art
August 10, 2018 – January 4, 2019
Beginning in the 1960s, artists from around the world looked to the postal system as an alternative means of producing, distributing, and receiving art. Mail art (alternatively called “correspondence art” or “postal art”) emerged as a form of artistic practice in which an international network of participants use the mail to make art and share it with others. With letters, postcards, and packages—as well as material that tested the limits of what could be posted—mail artists circumvent traditional elite modes of display and distribution (such as museums and commercial galleries) in favor of the more accessible space of the modern post. Utilizing the commonness and interconnectedness of postal networks, they interrogated the inequities of the global art market and national regulations regarding culture and communications, creatively sidestepping the art market and, in many instances, eluding government censors. Examining how mail art has worked across divergent cultural circumstances—from McCarthy-era America, to Soviet Poland, to Chile under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet—this exhibition engages issues of circulation, collaboration, and community in and among specific national contexts during the second half of the twentieth century.
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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.
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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
PUSH_180908_001.JPG: Pushing the Envelope:
Mail Art from the Archives of American Art
PUSH_180908_009.JPG: Pushing the Envelope
Beginning in the 1960s, artists from around the world looked to the postal system as an alternative means of producing, distributing, and receiving art. Mail art (alternatively called "correspondence art" or "postal art") emerged as a form of artistic practice in which an international network of participants use the mail to make art and share it with others. With letters, postcards, and packages -- as well as material that tested the limits of what could be posted -- mail artists circumvent traditional elite modes of display and distribution (such as museums and commercial galleries) in favor of the more accessible space of the modern post. Utilizing the commonness and interconnectedness of postal networks, they interrogated the inequities of the global art market and national regulations regarding culture and communications, creatively sidestepping the art market and, in many instances, eluding government censors. Examining how mail art has worked across divergent cultural circumstances -- from McCarthy-era America, to Soviet Poland, to Chile under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet -- this exhibition engages issues of circulation, collaboration, and community in and among specific national contexts during the second half of the twentieth century.
PUSH_180908_019.JPG: Jay DeFeo (1929–1989, American)
Mail art to Wallace Berman, 1965
During Wallace Berman's time in San Francisco in the late 1950s, he and beat artist Jay DeFeo developed a close friendship, bonding over their shared interests in jazz, poetry, baseball, and mysticism. DeFeo contributed to Berman's publication Semina, which also featured West Coast artists like Bruce Connor and George Herms; poets such as Michael McClure, Allan Ginsburg, and Diane di Prima; and cult figures like Russ Tamblyn and Dennis Hopper. These artists received copies of the journal in exchange for their participation, thus helping to establish an arts community around Berman in both Los Angeles and San Francisco. DeFeo and Berman grew close through collaboration, carrying on a photocollage correspondence after Berman returned to Los Angeles in 1961.
In this piece, DeFeo sends Berman an altered copy of his poster for the third annual Los Angeles Film-Maker's festival. The poster, which features Berman's signature transistor radio motif, has been collaged with a photo of DeFeo as a young girl, and a piece of paper with a cryptic typewritten message that makes reference to DeFeo's monumental painting, The Rose, which weighed nearly one ton, as well as baseball's loveable loser, Casey Stengel.
-- Lizz Hamilton
PUSH_180908_026.JPG: Mail Art is not fine art.
It's the artist who is fine.
PUSH_180908_053.JPG: Stephen Varble (1946–1985, American)
Mail art to Gregory Battcock, ca. 1975
Stephen Varble was a playwright, fashion designer, and performance artist who mailed confounding press releases and newsletters to notable figures in the art world as an extension of his performance practice. Varble's early work was informed by queer performance artists like Robert Morgan and the Pagan Babies, whom he knew while living in Lexington, Kentucky, during college, as well as the radical underground cinema of Jack Smith and the Fluxus performances of Geoffrey Hendricks that he encountered after moving to New York about 1970. Through his intimate relationship with Hendricks, he became connected to the mail art scene. Inspired by mail artists like Ray Johnson, who used camp aesthetics to produce subversive publicity, Varble created press releases -- like this one mailed to the art critic Gregory Battcock -- with hyperbolic language and queer erotic imagery to lampoon art world elitism and mainstream consumerist spectacle.
PUSH_180908_057.JPG: Wallace Berman (1926–1976, American)
Semina no. 1, 1955
Semina was a loose-leaf journal of collage and poetry -- a proto-zine -- produced by Wallace Berman for his friends between 1955 and 1964. Each copy of the nine issues was hand-printed, hand-assembled, and designed to be read in no distinct order. Semina no. 1 contained a drawing by the artist Cameron, two photographs by Walter Hopps, and poems by Jean Cocteau, Marion Grogan, and Hermann Hesse, among others. The front cover features a photograph of Cameron (Marjorie Cameron Parsons Kimmel), the mysterious underground darling with whom Berman became friends in the early 1950s. Cameron was a notorious occultist, and both she and her husband, Jack Parsons (a key founder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, student of Aleister Crowley, and former collaborator of L. Ron Hubbard), were investigated by the FBI for their practices in sex magic.
-- Lizz Hamilton
PUSH_180908_067.JPG: Pat Larter (1936–1996, British, lived in Australia)
Mail art to John Held Jr., 1981
Pat Larter was a British-born, Australia-based artist who emerged as one of the most prominent participants in the international mail art movement of the 1970s and 1980s. Her films, performances, and mail art interrogated the gendering of the body and parodied what she called "male-given sexual stereotypes." With ostentatious outfits and exaggerated poses, she disrupted the binaries and hierarchies that structure gender and sexual relations. Her mail art, which served to document and extend her performances, calls attention to the male gaze and stresses sexual liberation through gender-bending erotica. Subverting the male dominance of mail art, it was Larter who first coined the term "fe-mail art." Her postal performances thus offer an alternative reality of how to "get arted."
-- Mary Savig
PUSH_180908_073.JPG: Les Petites Bon-bons (active 1971–75, American)
Mail art to Lucy Lippard, ca. 1971–75
Les Petites Bon-bons was a queer artist collective from Milwaukee that grew out of the international mail art movement and the gay activist scene of the early 1970s. As members relocated to Los Angeles in the early 1970s, the city's glam-rock culture also came to inform their practice. Self-described as a "group of gay life artists who live and play in and around Milwaukee, Hollywood, and the World," they invite us to "imagine a gay universe" with enticing performances and mailers such as this one sent to the critic and curator Lucy Lippard. Early members included Chuckie Betz, Jerry Dreva, J. P., Gary Pietrzak, Mark Slizewski, Dick Varga, and Jim Sullivan, who together explored the relationship between the publicity and performance, image and actualization, art and life.
-- Mary Savig
PUSH_180908_084.JPG: Tony Lowes (b. 1944, American)
Mail art to John Held Jr., 1988
This work of mail art, created by artist Tony Lowes, resembles a propagandistic, wartime "call-to-action" poster. Lowes constructed this satirical manifesto in the long-standing tradition of art critique, painting art as the purveyor of starvation. By likening art making to drug use, with phrases "opiate of the people" and "art has become an addiction," he suggests that the world of art has become a hallucinatory world of "glamorous escape." An important component of mail art was the rejection of the institution and the elitism of the art world. While the manifesto vilifies art, it also stresses how it may alternatively be used to express the passion, humanity, and power. The piece appropriates the anarchistic authority of its propagandistic precedents while also staying true to the self-referential aspect of mail art.
-- Isabelle Martin
PUSH_180908_090.JPG: John Calvert Palmer, aka Rudi Rubberoid (1927–2012, American)
Sheet of Artistamps, ca. 1990
John C. "Jack" Palmer, aka Rudi Rubberoid, was an artist who got involved with the international mail art community in the early 1980s. Palmer owned and operated a stationery store in Bellingham, Washington. His first contacts with mail art came from his friend Bob Urso, who encouraged Palmer to use his rubberstamp designs for mail art. Though Palmer went by many aliases, he was most well known as Rudi Rubberoid and as the editor of the Rubber Fanzine. While Palmer is most remembered for his sense of humor, his work also had a political bent. These artistamps, bearing a rubber-stamp image with the phrase "What About Politics?" and the words "anarchy," "pornography," "homosexuality," and "gonzopost," demonstrate how mail artists were using the postal system to circulate materials and increase communication about topics that were banned from distribution through the post, an indicator to the recipient that mail art is a form of communication in which no topic is censored.
-- Jessica Perry
PUSH_180908_096.JPG: Clemente Padin (b. 1939, Uruguayan)Mail art to John Held Jr., 1990
The sociopolitical potential of mail art is central to an understanding of Clemente Padin's work. This postcard features a collage calling for direct political action, the swift end to apartheid in South Africa, and the release of longtime political prisoner Nelson Mandela. Padin's home of Uruguay was controlled by a repressive civic-military dictatorship for much of the 1970s and 1980s. Censorship, torture, and "disappearing" political dissidents were common occurrences under this regime, in a manner not dissimilar to South Africa's governance under apartheid. Padin's mail art practice put him at great risk, but the political imperative deeply motivated and influenced his practice. Mail art served as a means to subvert the state propaganda machine and keep alive radical discourse and dissent. He explains that, "During the period of the dictatorships mail art turned totally to the denunciation and exposing of the national internal situation." Padin's network of mail artists was essential in communicating ideologies that otherwise would not have been allowed to be voiced.
-- Matthew Goodwin
PUSH_180908_101.JPG: Clemente Padin (b. 1939, Uruguayan)
Mail art to John Held Jr., 1992
Clemente Padin is an Uruguayan artist who has participated in the mail art network since the 1960s. Similar to other Latin American artists with whom he has collaborated, such as Edgardo Vigo and Guillermo Deisler, his work often spoke in opposition to the oppressive dictatorships and US military presence that characterized many South American countries during the second half of the twentieth century. Despite suffering imprisonment, torture, and decades of censorship, Padin continued to espouse messages of social justice and peace. This intense portrait of a suffering child, collaged with calls for peace and an end to the US blockade of Cuba on the back of the postcard, is a succinct call to action. The grave political situation in many Latin American countries impelled young artists to engage the subject head on.
-- Matthew Goodwin
PUSH_180908_112.JPG: Ry Nikonova (1942–2014, Russian)
Mail art to John Held Jr., 1988
This work is part of a letter that Russian artist Ry Nikonova (aka Rea Nikonova) sent to John Held Jr. in 1988 as a response to his invitation to attend an international mail art symposium in Japan. In the text, she explains that she and her husband cannot go, and would not be able to go to any foreign country, because the Soviet government does not allow them to leave. Nikonova depicts Held and herself beneath their respective country names -- the USA and the USSR -- visually dividing the image into two parts. In his speech bubble, Held suggests that Nikonova "go to symposium in Japan." His figure reaches out his hands toward Nikonova, crossing an invisible border between the two countries and almost touching her, a gesture of embrace. Nikonova's representation, in a more pragmatic pose, replies "I cannot," while a disembodied hand firmly tugs at a rope encircling her neck, underscoring her lack of autonomy and the danger she faces if she defies it. In many of her artworks -- mail art, visual poetry, and drawings -- Nikonova made a critique of the Soviet regime and ideology. Personal freedoms restricted by politics was one of her main concerns.
-- Mariia Spirina
PUSH_180908_116.JPG: György Galántai (b. 1941, Hungarian) and Anna Banana, aka Anna Lee Long (b. 1940, Canadian)
"Please Send Me Information About Your Activity" poster mailer to Gregory Battcock, 1978
aaa-aaa_battgreg_66358_22.jpg
This poster mailer documents a collaboration between Canadian artist Anna Banana and Hungarian artist György Galántai, while also acting as an open call to artists from around the world. Banana and Galántai first became acquainted with each other through the mail art network. Due to restrictive laws that suppressed the public exhibition of "unofficial art" in Soviet Hungary, mail art became an important means of sharing work within and outside Galántai's country. In opposition to official culture, he and his wife, Julia Klaniczay, started Artpool in 1979 -- an "active archive" that specialized in both the design and production of unsanctioned works. More than a repository of documents, Artpool aimed to be generative. In Galántai's words: "The archive expands through calls for projects, co-operation and exchange as well as circulating information and enlarging the network." This mailer exemplifies this methodology. When folded, it bears a faint red stamp that reads "Please Send Me Information About Your Activity." However, when unfolded, we see Galántai's brightly colored works on the one side, and photographs and texts about Banana's performance in Budapest on the other. As part of this event, Banana read a Hungarian text by András Bán about Galántai's work, even though Banana could only speak English. The mailer thus stresses the performative nature of archives and their ability to traverse (rather than reinforce) cultural, institutional, and national borders.
-- Mary Savig
PUSH_180908_127.JPG: Anna Banana, aka Anna Lee Long
(b. 1940, Canadian)
Mail art to John Evans, 2010
Anna Banana created this mail art for John Evans using pieces of Evans's own work. Evans was most known for his collages, which he began making in his New York City apartment about 1964. He made a different collage every day for more than thirty-five years, using discarded paper items he found on the street in his neighborhood. Just as Evans's collages were constructed of found objects, Banana's piece also created from found materials---labels, a postal sticker, and various canceled postage stamps, some official and some of Evan's artistamps. In addition to the stamps that are on the artwork for aesthetic purposes, the composition incorporates the stamps and labels that are used to systematically transport the item through the post, thus blurring the line between form and function. The two artists exchanged mail art for many years, until Evans's death in 2012. The words "of action" peek out from under a stamp in the middle of the composition, stressing how, in the mail art network, found-object collages get set into motion.
-- Jacklyn Weinstein
PUSH_180908_143.JPG: Ken Friedman (b. 1949, American) and Fletcher Copp (b. 1943 American)
"The Sock of the Month" announcement and sock to Lucy Lippard, ca. 1970
Ken Friedman and Fletcher Copp were active members of the international experimental art movement Fluxus, which sought to engage its audiences in the production of art and de-instrumentalize everyday life. Through Fluxus, Friedman and Copp became part of the mail art network. As Friedman stated: "Fluxus approached mail art as an opportunity to experimentation, to communication and to interaction." With mail art projects like Sock of the Month Club, he and Copp parody product subscription clubs like "cheese of the month" clubs that capitalize on the desire to cultivate one's taste and belong to an elite group of consumers. Sending a dirty painted sock, they disrupt the prestige on which subscription clubs depend, while sensitizing the recipient to the materiality of everyday objects.
-- Mary Savig
PUSH_180908_149.JPG: Ry Nikonova (1942–2014, Russian)
Mail art to John Held Jr., 1988
aaa-aaa_heldjohn_62360_9.jpg
Guy Bleus Mail Art to John Held Jr., 1990. John Held papers relating to Mail Art, 1973-2013. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
The mystery of a letter's content is an important part of mail art practices around the world. The instructions "Do not open" often appear in works of artists from different countries. For example, a Guy Bleus (b. 1950) mail art piece, which was sent to John Held Jr. in 1990 (to right). In that object, the imperative has figurative meaning rather than serving as a real warning. The contradiction -- an envelope is supposed to be opened, but the rubber stamp states not do so -- increases one's desire to open the letter. However, the command could have different meanings in different political and cultural contexts. In this work by Ry Nikonova, her carefully penned "Do not open!" instructions literally mean that one should carefully consider the potential consequences before looking at the contents of the envelope. It was a real warning because mail art in Soviet Russia was an unofficial and illegal practice. Participation in mail art could lead to serious punishment, such as time in prison or, in some cases, deportation from the country.
-- Mariia Spirina
PUSH_180908_162.JPG: Lenore Tawney (1907–2007, American)
Mail art to Kirk Winslow, son of filmmaker Maryette Charlton, ca. 1965
Fiber artist Lenore Tawney developed a visual vocabulary through her personal correspondence. Many of her mail art collages for filmmaker Maryette Charlton feature found feathers and stickers. This whimsical card references a line from Lewis Carroll's nonsensical poem "Jabberwocky:"
"And hast thou slain the Jabberwock?
Come to my arms, my beamish boy!
O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!"
He chortled in his joy."
PUSH_180908_168.JPG: Leonhard Frank Duch (b. 1940, German)
Mail art to John Held Jr., 1981
Leonhard Frank Duch has been making mail art since 1975 and currently continues his practice in Berlin. Though born in Germany, he lived and worked in Brazil for over forty years (1951–94) and was an important member of the Latin American mail art community. For Duch, mail art was an elusive art form that could be used to protest Brazil's military dictatorship and its censoring of art, as it enabled the circulation of messages whose origins were difficult to track. Here, Duch has stamped emphatic and slightly self-mocking coinages and phrases incorporating his surname, such as "Duchthings," "Duch Post," and "I am Duch, not Duchamp." By further proclaiming "I am an artist / unemployed," he expresses somewhat demeaning aspects of himself as well as his thoughts about the suppression of artistic expression under the dictatorship. Although envelopes are the public face of a letter and tend to be rubberstamped with official bureaucratic statements, Duch instead stamps them with highly personal and subtly subversive messages.
-- Liz Moore
PUSH_180908_172.JPG: John Baldessari (b. 1931, American)
"The Best Way to Do Art" flyer to Lucy Lippard, 1971
Conceptual artist John Baldessari began his career as a painter. However, in 1966 he started to integrate text and photography into his paintings as a means of questioning the primacy of the medium among the fine arts. Eventually abandoning paint altogether, Baldessari turned to "intermedia" practices such as performance, installation, and mail art, which he used to humorously reject art world hierarchies. In this mail art flyer sent to the critic and curator Lucy Lippard, who was an important proponent of conceptualism, he recounts a young artist's gradual move away from painting. Realizing the medium's limitations, he concludes: "It's difficult to put a painting in a mailbox."
Conceptual artist John Baldessari began his career as a painter. However, in 1966 he started to integrate text and photography into his paintings as a means of questioning the primacy of the medium among the fine arts. Eventually abandoning paint altogether, Baldessari turned to "intermedia" practices such as performance, installation, and mail art, which he used to humorously reject art world hierarchies. In this mail art flyer sent to the critic and curator Lucy Lippard, who was an important proponent of conceptualism, he recounts a young artist's gradual move away from painting. Realizing the medium's limitations, he concludes: "It's difficult to put a painting in a mailbox."
-- Mary Savig
PUSH_180908_176.JPG: Buster Cleveland (1943–1998, American)
Flyer for Art for Um series to John Evans, 1993
Buster Cleveland was best known for his neo-Dadaist collages and work in the Mendocino Area Dadaists (M.A.D.) and Bay Area Dadaists (B.A.D.) movements. After moving from Chicago to New York in the late 1970s, he began hocking postage-stamp-sized collages on the street in SoHo, thus participating in mail art was a natural progression. His best-known works are from his Art for Um series, collages of Artforum covers that satirize the elitism and commercialism of the magazine. He laser printed the collages, reducing them to five square inches and selling them by mail-order subscription.
-- Jessica Perry & Miriam Kienle
PUSH_180908_184.JPG: Elizabeth Pearl Nasaw, aka Lyx Ish, aka Elizabeth Was (1956–2004, American)
Mail art to John Held Jr., 1987
Elizabeth Pearl Nasaw sent this envelope to John Held Jr. to illustrate her belief that art does not equal money. She was a musician, poet, and cofounder of Xexoxial Endarchy, is a nonprofit, artist-run Wisconsin organization that distributes, supports, and educates people about new and experimental arts through networking. These forms of art include permaculture, visual/verbal literature, audio and video cassettes, and mail art. The project evolved into Dreamtime Village, a cooperative compound centering on the idea that dreams are real and people's waking lives are a dream. By stating "art ≠ money," she asserts that people live in an illusion, where money regulates society, but in actuality it does not.
-- Alexandria Gibson
PUSH_180908_189.JPG: Billy Al Bengston (b. 1934, American)
Mail art to an unknown number of recipients, 1973
Billy Al Bengston is an artist living in Venice, California. Known for his flamboyant personality and creative exuberance, he was a protagonist of the West Coast postwar art scene. The playful humor of his practice is evident in this mail art postcard. It is presented as a request for ideas for an exhibition announcement, but because it includes all the relevant show information, it actually serves as the announcement itself. Even if the recipients had no intention of sending Bengston ideas for his mailer, they've still learned all the details about the exhibition and have been invited to it. The card is an example not only of Bengston's wit, but also of how the mail art network served its participants -- as an avenue for self-promotion, personal connection, and communication.
-- Jessica Perry
PUSH_180908_200.JPG: Ray Johnson (1927–1995, American)
Mail art to Sam Wagstaff, 1968
In 1962 Ray Johnson's informal practice of linking people with and through collaged correspondence was formalized into what he and his collaborators called the New York Correspondence (later spelled "Correspondance") School. This invitation to a "mysterious" meeting of the group offers participants -- who may only have known each other through correspondence -- the opportunity to meet face to face. The list includes names of artists primarily known within the mail art network, like Richard C and George Ashley, as well as notable figures in the art world, such as Betty Parsons, Cy Twombly, Richard Serra, Christo, and Joseph Kosuth. And yet art world hierarchies are leveled, as everyone is represented by a pert-eared bunny rabbit. The proliferation of this bunny symbol (Johnson's signature motif) could represent the rapid reproduction of correspondences within the network or the dually underground and aboveground lives of its rabbits. Additionally, black triangles can often be found in Johnson's mailings, which in this context appear like abstract bunny heads. However, they may also address the triangular nature of Johnson's mail art network in which: person A receives a piece of mail from Johnson with instructions to send it along to person B, who contributes accordingly and may send it onward to an additional recipient or return it to Johnson (thus closing the triangle).
-- Isabelle Martin and Miriam Kienle
PUSH_180908_209.JPG: Russell Butler, aka BuZ blurr (b. 1943, American)
Sheet of artistamps, 1986
This sheet of artistamps by Arkansas-based artist Russell Butler, or BuZ blurr, can be broken apart to create many individual works, including ten woodcut-style caricatures of artists prominent in the mail art scene, among them John Held Jr. The work documents a Dallas gathering in support of the international Decentralized Mail Art Congress, a four-month project in which participants all over the world would document the convening of "two or more mail artists" and send the evidence to the congress's headquarters in Geneva. As such, this work represents a network and becomes a means of forging that network. The word "decentralized" also demonstrates another aspect of mail art, which is to have a decentralized movement that follows a rhizomatic idea of no leader or central location. In many ways this work is a visual representation of the values of mail art.
-- Whitney Hill
PUSH_180908_213.JPG: György Galántai (b. 1941, Hungarian) and Julia Klaniczay (b. 1954, Hungarian), aka Artpool (formed in 1979)
Mail art to unknown number of recipients, 1981
In 1979 György Galántai and Julia Klaniczay founded Artpool in Soviet Hungary, which served as an archive for international avant-garde art that was officially prohibited by the government. Artpool was what Galántai called an "active archive," in that it not only collected "unofficial art" and information about it, but it also acted as a creative space, generating material that itself would be archived. The benefit of this kind of archive, according to Galántai, was that "the interrelation of historical and art research methodologies improves one's ability . . . to perceive problems and to venture into new, previously unknown, research methods." With Artpool's "memorial-stamp-project," the duo demonstrates how such a dynamic and future-oriented archive might operate. Soliciting and documenting "unofficial artistamps" from participants in the international mail art network, they disrupt the patriotic rhetoric of official stamps and imagine a world beyond the intense nationalistic divides of the Cold War era.
-- Mary Savig
PUSH_180908_222.JPG: Bay Area Dadaists, aka B.A.D. (ca. 1970–1985)
Mail art to Lucy Lippard, ca. 1975
The Bay Area Dadaists (aka Bay Area Daddaists or B.A.D.) was an artist collective active in San Francisco active from around 1970 to 1985. They produced mail art, zines, photos, events, and performances in the spirit of the Dadaists and Futurists in the early twentieth century, as well as the West Coast neo-Dadaists of the 1950s and 1960s. With works that were inexpensively produced, quickly made, and easily shared, they gained a fast following. As evident from the postcards on view, the group had dozens of members. Particularly prominent participants -- such as Bill Gaglione, Anna Banana, Tim Mancusi, Monte Cazazza, and Irene Dogmatic -- often produced zines. The zines documented, publicized, and extended the group's performances and mail art activities. And along with the mail art, which was often reproduced in their pages, the zines created a sense of local cohesion while expanding the Dadaists' reach beyond the Bay Area.
-- Mary Savig
PUSH_180908_246.JPG: Edgardo Vigo (1928–1997, Argentinian)
Mail art to John Held Jr., 1991
This piece by Edgardo Vigo references several other mail artists with a series of intricate artistamps depicting Lon Spiegelman, Graciela Gutiérrez Marx, and Günther Ruch (see reverse side). The dispersion of these artists throughout the world (the United States, Argentina, and Switzerland, respectively) illustrates the power and reach of the mail art network. Vigo reportedly referred to his hometown of La Plata, Argentina, as being "known for its tranquility bordering on inertia." When this description of a cultural wasteland is contrasted with the idea of Vigo as an internationally celebrated artist, the power of the mail art network to give a voice to lesser known artists with limited access to art institutions becomes evident.
For artists working outside of the gallery or institutional setting, mail art was a truly democratizing force in the dissemination of their work in an age before the internet. For the nominal fee of postage, their art would be carried by the post office to nearly any viewer in any corner of the globe. Vigo eloquently sums this up when he wrote in his diary that, "MAILART has effected connections between international marginalities, the expansion of their interchanges, the distribution of their multiples, the exchange or the polemics of their theories, inviting profound dialogue."
-- Mathew Goodwin
PUSH_180908_272.JPG: Svjetlana Mimica (Croatian)
Mail art to John Held Jr., 1993
Svjetlana Mimica is a Croatian artist who participated in mail art during the Croatian War of Independence. Her correspondence describes the conditions of living during wartime and how she used mail art both to escape the severity of her surroundings and to connect to the world outside. This note passed through another mail artist, Ruud Janssen, before reaching John Held Jr., who would send her money for postage so she could continue their correspondence and her practice.
-- Jessica Perry
PUSH_180908_277.JPG: Ryosuke Cohen (b. 1948, Japanese)
Mail art to John Evans, 2002 (ongoing project since 1985)
Ryosuke Cohen is a Japanese mail artist who has been involved in the network since the 1980s. This collage sent to John Evans is part of his Brain Cell project, an ongoing compilation of artistamps, stickers, rubber stamps, and drawings from contributors all over the world, demonstrating a diverse assortment of subject matter. The reverse side lists the names and addresses of artists who submitted works to this edition, the 541st in the series. Brain Cell, which Cohen began in 1985, aptly demonstrates the collaborative nature of the international mail art network, which he likens to "the structure of a brain through a microscope . . . thousands of neurons clung and piled up together." Artists submit their images and objects through the mail to Cohen, who then assembles collages and sends silkscreen copies back to the contributors. Brain Cell #1,000 was completed in December 2017 and the project continues to this day, with over six thousand participants from more than eighty countries thus far.
-- Jessica Perry
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2019_DC_SIPG_Bloom: DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (Archives of American Art) -- Exhibit: Bloom: Flowers from the Archives of American Art (23 photos from 2019)
2018_DC_SIPG_Beaten: DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (Archives of American Art) -- Exhibit: Off the Beaten Track (51 photos from 2018)
2017_DC_SIPG_B4ICats: DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (Archives of American Art) -- Exhibit: Before Internet Cats: Feline Finds from the Archives of American Art (54 photos from 2017)
2016_DC_SIPG_Source: DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (Archives of American Art) -- Exhibit: Finding: Source Material in the Archives of American Art (18 photos from 2016)
2016_DC_SIPG_Legacy: DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (Archives of American Art) -- Exhibit: Expanding the Legacy: New Collections on African American Art (11 photos from 2016)
2015_DC_SIPG_Yasuo: DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (Archives of American Art) -- Exhibit: Artist Teacher Organizer: Yasuo Kuniyoshi in the Archives of American Art (31 photos from 2015)
2015_DC_SIPG_Black_Books: DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (Archives of American Art) -- Exhibit: Little Black Books (44 photos from 2015)
2014_DC_SIPG_Monuments: DC -- Donald W. Reynolds Center (Archives of American Art) -- Exhibit: Monuments Men (111 photos from 2014)
2018 photos: Equipment this year: I continued to use my Fuji XS-1 cameras but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000.
Trips this year:
Civil War Trust conferences in Greenville, NC, Newport News, VA, and my farewell event with them in Chicago, IL (via sites in Louisville, KY, St. Louis, MO, and Toledo, OH),
three trips to New York City (including New York Comic-Con), and
my 13th consecutive trip to San Diego Comic-Con (including sites in Reno, Sacramento, San Francisco, and Los Angeles).
Number of photos taken this year: about 535,000.
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