DC -- Library of Congress -- Exhibit (Agile): It's a Wonderful Life:
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LOCLIF_181227_05.JPG: From The Greatest Gift to It's A Wonderful Life!
The 1946 holiday classic film It's a Wonderful Life first appeared as a short story, The Greatest Gift, a Christmas Tale, published seventy-five years ago by American author, editor, and Civil War historian Philip Van Doren Stern. In the story, an angel comes to earth to save a despairing family man from a Christmas Eve suicide attempt, restoring his joy of living by helping him realize his value to those around him. After its 1946 release, the film won a Golden Globe Award for best director and received five Academy Award nominations. It also won a scientific achievement award for innovations in simulating snow. Today the snow is wildly popular and financially successful, and can be found on numerous "best movie" lists. In 1990 the Librarian of Congress added it to the National Film Registry.
LOCLIF_181227_17.JPG: "It's a Wonderful Boxoffice!"
The film It's a Wonderful Life, distributed by RKO, opened on December 20, 1946. Early reviews were generally positive. An exception was a 1947 FBI report that found the film subversive and un-American because the villain was a wealthy banker. Contrary to early expectations, box office results were modest during its 1946-1947 theatrical run.
LOCLIF_181227_22.JPG: Commercial Publications of The Greatest Gift
One of Stern's printed copies of The Greatest Gift: A Christmas Tale made its way to Hollywood. In March 1944, Stern's agent sold the movie rights to the story to RKO Radio Pictures for $10,000 as a vehicle for actor Cary Grant. At that point, Stern found magazines willing to publish the story, and a publisher for a stand-alone edition as a book. More publications followed. Stern published under a pseudonym and with an alternative title in Good Housekeeping.
LOCLIF_181227_26.JPG: The Greatest Gift: A Christmas Tale
Philip Van Doren Stern wrote in his notes that the idea for The Greatest Gift: A Christmas Tree came to him "complete from start to finish" while he was shaving on the morning of February 12, 1938. He wrote what he deemed a "pretty terrible" first draft a few months later and put it away; he continued to work on it off and on. In April 1943, Stern showed the story to his literary agent, who voiced her concern that a fantasy story would be difficult to sell to magazines. Stern revised the story again and had two hundred copies printed privately as pamphlets. He signed and distributed them as Christmas cards to his friends, family, and two unsigned copies to the Library of Congress with his copyright registration form.
LOCLIF_181227_27.JPG: Personal Recollections
Some recent editions of The Greatest Gift include the personal recollections of the author's daughter, Marguerite Stern Robinson, and a brief summary of the story's creation, sale of the movie rights, and its transition to film.
LOCLIF_181227_34.JPG: Script for It's a Wonderful Life
In 1945, RKO sold the film rights to The Greatest Gift, along with three complete versions of its movie script, for $10,000 to Frank Capra's newly-formed film production company, Liberty Films. Capra hired husband-and-wife screenwriters Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich to create a completely new script. Capra sent a copy of the script to his longtime collaborator actor Jimmy Stewart, who enthusiastically agreed to play the lead character. The Library of Congress received this typescript in 1946 with the copyright deposit of the film. It was used during the film's production. This "cutting continuity script" includes the final film script and scene-by-scene details as they were shot and edited.
LOCLIF_181227_56.JPG: The 1946 Film It's a Wonderful Life
After its theatrical release, It's a Wonderful Life didn't make back its production and distribution costs and as a result has a complicated ownership history. In 1948, Frank Capra and his partners sold Liberty Films to Paramount Pictures. The film's ownership changed several more times. By 1974, then-owner National Telefilm Associates (NTA) failed to renew the film's copyright, placing it in the public domain. With no royalty payments required, television stations aired the film extensively, while home video companies made copies widely available for rental and sale. It's a Wonderful Life reached entirely new audiences in its copyright-free period, but earned nothing for its owners. In 1993, Republic Pictures took over NTA and restored the copyright based on a Supreme Court ruling (Stewart v. Abend, 1990) involving another Jimmy Stewart film Rear Window. The following year, Republic signed a long-term agreement with NBC to air It's a Wonderful Life a few times annually, an arrangement that continues today. In 1998, Paramount regained ownership of the film and its home-entertainment business.
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