CA -- San Francisco -- Presidio -- Presidio Officer's Club -- Exhibit: Exclusion:
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Description of Pictures: EXCLUSION
The Presidio's Role in World War II Japanese American Incarceration
Extended to Spring 2019
During World War II, the Presidio of San Francisco – the Army's Western Defense Command – played a pivotal role in the unjust incarceration of 120,000 Japanese Americans, purportedly in the name of national security. This special exhibition marks 75 years since Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt issued Civilian Exclusion Orders from the Presidio, and examines the post's little understood part in these events.
The exhibition invites visitors to investigate the choices – both personal and political – that led to this dark chapter in American history. How did leaders arrive at this decision? How did Japanese Americans respond to the violation of their civil liberties? And what, as a nation, have we learned that can help us address the present-day issues of immigration, racism, and mass incarceration?
Exclusion is the latest special exhibition at the Presidio Officers' Club, a cultural institution showcasing the Presidio's role in shaping and serving the nation. S pecial exhibitions explore the Presidio's heritage and allow for fresh perspectives and a deeper exploration of the topics and themes presented in the club's permanent exhibition.
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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.
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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
SFPOCX_180714_001.JPG: Exclusion
The Presidio's Role in World War II
Japanese American Incarceration
SFPOCX_180714_009.JPG: Civilian Exclusion Orders
SFPOCX_180714_012.JPG: A Legacy of Service
SFPOCX_180714_019.JPG: Nisie Soldiers of World War II Congressional Gold Medal
SFPOCX_180714_022.JPG: Deconstructed Kimono
SFPOCX_180714_025.JPG: Exclusion
The Presidio's Role in World War II
Japanese American Incarceration
SFPOCX_180714_028.JPG: Report to the Civil Control Station
Must be Observed
Size and number of packages is limited
to that which can be carried by the individual or family
SFPOCX_180714_036.JPG: Exclusion
The Presidio's Role in World War II Japanese American Incarceration
SFPOCX_180714_039.JPG: Language Matters
SFPOCX_180714_048.JPG: Immigration, Economics and Prejudice
SFPOCX_180714_081.JPG: A Failure of Leadership
SFPOCX_180714_086.JPG: Internment following Pearl Harbor
SFPOCX_180714_090.JPG: Suitcase belonging to Donald K. Sasaki
SFPOCX_180714_098.JPG: Incarceration
SFPOCX_180714_100.JPG: Forced Removal
SFPOCX_180714_105.JPG: Intelligence Information
SFPOCX_180714_109.JPG: Disagreements within Federal Government
SFPOCX_180714_116.JPG: Extreme Measures
SFPOCX_180714_119.JPG: Japanese Americans on the West Coast were forcibly relocated in 108 groups of roughly 1000 persons each. Mass incarcerations did not occur in Hawai'i, where Japanese Americans made up more than one third of the population. Their imprisonment would have crippled the territory's economy.
SFPOCX_180714_121.JPG: "No half-way measures based upon considerations of economic disturbance, humanitarianism, or fear of retaliation will suffice. Such measures will be 'too little or too late.' "
-- Provost Marshall Gen. Allen Gullion, February 6, 1942, in a memo to Assistance Secretary of War McCloy
SFPOCX_180714_124.JPG: Political Pressure
SFPOCX_180714_130.JPG: Incarceration, Patriotism, and Civil Liberties
SFPOCX_180714_142.JPG: Questioning Loyalty
SFPOCX_180714_144.JPG: Controversy about the "loyalty questionnaires" centered on questions 27 and 28...
SFPOCX_180714_176.JPG: Resistance and Dissent
SFPOCX_180714_177.JPG: Questioning Loyalty
SFPOCX_180714_185.JPG: My Family lived this
SFPOCX_180714_192.JPG: It is important to more explicitly highlight the history of "No-No" boys, draw more critical connections to white supremacist policies today, and include more voices of my J.A. people.
No-No Boy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
No-No Boy is a 1957 novel, and the only novel published by Japanese American writer John Okada. The novel tells the story of a Japanese American in the aftermath of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. Set in Seattle, Washington in 1946, the novel is written in the voice of an omniscient narrator who frequently blends into the voice of the protagonist.
SFPOCX_180714_202.JPG: Legal Challenges
SFPOCX_180714_209.JPG: Military Service
SFPOCX_180714_212.JPG: During the era of civil rights activism, Japanese Americans broke their alliance about wartime exclsion and incarceration. Through grassroots efforts, the Japanese American community sought redress from the government. More than 500 community members testified during federal hearings.
SFPOCX_180714_215.JPG: "I dissent, because I think the indisputable facts exhibit a clear violation of Constitutional rights. This ... is the case of convicting a citizen as a punishment for not submitting to imprisonment in a concentration camp, based on his ancestry, and solely because of his ancestry, without evidence or inquiry concerning his loyalty and good disposition towards the United States."
-- Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts, December 18, 1944
SFPOCX_180714_218.JPG: During the redress movement, Fred Korematsu, Gordon Hiribayashi, and Minoru Yasui's court cases were reopened. The discovery that he federal government had willfully withheld information during the 1940s Supreme Court cases led to the overturning of their convictions.
SFPOCX_180714_221.JPG: Redress
SFPOCX_180714_229.JPG: Shaping Public Opinion
SFPOCX_180714_232.JPG: Economics and Racial Prejudice
SFPOCX_180714_235.JPG: Fake News
SFPOCX_180714_238.JPG: "We're charged with wanting to get rid of the Japs for selfish reasons. We might as well be honest. We do... They came into this valley to work and they stayed to take over... And we don;t want them back when the war ends, either."
-- Austin E. Anson, May 9, 1942
SFPOCX_180714_247.JPG: Petition, signed by 67 members of the White Salmon, Washington community, testified to the loyalty of their neighbors, Kenjiro, Kay, and George Kida, and asked the government to exempt them from Executive Order 9066.
SFPOCX_180714_252.JPG: Upstanders
SFPOCX_180714_262.JPG: A Critical Eye
SFPOCX_180714_267.JPG: At first, camp administrators prohibited photography of fences and guard towers. This image was published in the 1943-44 Manzanar high school yearbook.
SFPOCX_180714_271.JPG: Toyo Miyatake captures the landscape surrounding Manzanar. In this image, a blossoming apple tree frames Mount Williamson as it rises above Owens Valley.
Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.)
I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com
and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
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2018 photos: Equipment this year: I continued to use my Fuji XS-1 cameras but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000.
Trips this year:
Civil War Trust conferences in Greenville, NC, Newport News, VA, and my farewell event with them in Chicago, IL (via sites in Louisville, KY, St. Louis, MO, and Toledo, OH),
three trips to New York City (including New York Comic-Con), and
my 13th consecutive trip to San Diego Comic-Con (including sites in Reno, Sacramento, San Francisco, and Los Angeles).
Number of photos taken this year: about 535,000.
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