BGuthrie Photos: VA -- Manassas Natl Battlefield -- Henry, Matthews, Buck Hills

VA -- Manassas Natl Battlefield -- Henry, Matthews, Buck Hills:

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[24] MANASH_170826_150.JPG	[25] MANASH_170826_153.JPG	[26] MANASH_170826_166.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. MANASH_170826_056.JPG: The Bartow Monument Manassas National Battleﬁeld Park Colonel Francis S. Bartow was killed near here while leading the 7th Georgia Infantry in a counterattack. An ardent defender of slavery and states' rights, the Georgia politician was placed in command of a brigade of state troops shortly before the battle. His death at First Manassas rendered him on of the South's earliest military martyrs. Six weeks after the battle, the men of Bartow's brigade commemorated their fallen leader, dedicating a stone shaft on the spot where he fell. The monument, possibly the first erected on any Civil War battlefield, disappeared the following spring. The current marker dates to 1936.
2. MANASH_170826_122.JPG: Henry Hill First Battle of Manassas July 21, 1861 Today's serene and peaceful fields belie the carnage that occurred here on July 21, 1861, when Union and Confederate troops clashed at the first major land battle of the Civil War - the First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run). The Heaviest and most sustained fighting occurred on this ground, resulting in over 5,000 American casualties. Few had anticipated the devastation and ruin war would bring. Inexperienced soldiers on both sides had predicted a swift victory. Civilian spectators journeyed out to watch the battle from distant hills. The First Battle of Manassas challenged their naive expectations of war and exposed the sobering reality of the struggle ahead. The self-guided Henry Hill Loop Trail (1.1 mile) connects the opposing battle lines and shares the story of two local families caught in the crossfire of war. Despite some changes to vegetation patterns, the landscape retains much of its wartime character.
3. MANASH_170826_150.JPG: Defeat and Disarray First Battle of Manassas July 21, 1861 5 p.m. By day's end the Confederates held Henry Hill, capturing eight of the eleven Union cannon brought atop this plateau. Rebel reinforcements extended the battle lines across Sudley Road to neighboring Chinn Ridge (one-half mile ahead of you). Federal troops were driven back after a brief fight, the final combat of the day (a separate exhibit on Chinn Ridge discusses this action). The Federal army fled back across Bull Run with Confederate cavalry in pursuit. The retreat, at first orderly, soon dissolved into a rout. Panic seized the troops as they came under artillery fire, and civilian spectators were caught up underfoot in the stampede back to the capital. The battle's carnage shocked the country. More than 5,000 Americans were casualties -- nearly 900 of whom were dead. It was the largest battle in the nation's history to that time. Thirteen months later the armies returned and fought again at the Second Battle of Manassas (August 28-30, 1862). The park's self-guided driving tour provides an overview of this larger battle and its significance during the Civil War.
4. MANASH_170826_153.JPG: Final Struggle First Battle of Manassas July 21, 1861 3 - 4 p.m. Up the slope marched Federal troops, determined to retake the cannons lost moments earlier. The bodies of slain artillerists and infantrymen littered the landscape. The Yankees recaptured Griffin's two guns and attempted to drag the two pieces to safety, but dead horses encumbered their efforts. In the distance the Confederates were preparing another charge. The heaviest combat of the battle, much of it hand-to-hand, raged around the disabled batteries of Captains Ricketts and Griffin. The fighting went back and forth -- Confederates would overrun the Federal position and recapture the cannon then be driven off moments later by a headlong counterattack. The widow Henry's farm became the most contested ground of the battle.
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