BGuthrie Photos: TN -- Chattanooga Natl Military Park -- Bragg Reservation

TN -- Chattanooga Natl Military Park -- Bragg Reservation:

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. BRAGG_170610_012.JPG: Missionary Ridge School Missionary Ridge History You are standing just west of the site of the former Missionary Ridge Elementary School now occupied by Bragg Point condominiums which were built in 2008. Pictured are the student body and faculty of Missionary Ridge School in 1915. Enrollment was 87 students in grades 1-8 taught by two teachers. The school was erected at a cost of $18,539. According to a pre-1912 Parent Teacher Association (PTA) memo, a school named Missionary Ridge High School apparently existed in 1896 near this location as a Hamilton County school; however, no photographs have ever been located. The Municipality of Missionary Ridge was charted in 1923 and had 2 municipal buildings -- the No. 11 fire hall and the center portion of Missionary Ridge School. (The fire hall was then located behind you near the former trolley line and had vending machines for after-school snacks.) Both buildings were semi-gothic designs with gables and slate roofs. The school went through two major additions. In 1925, the PTA demanded a new up-to-date school. Later that year, the PTA announced an addition was to be made to the north of the main school at a cost of $17,000. the last addition, pictured by architect James G. Gauntt, is shown as it would appear completed. This addition, built in 1930 after the City of Missionary Ridge was annexed by Chattanooga, was the south wing (right side of drawing) that provided four classrooms, a principal's office, community library, gymnasium, and auditorium. The auditorium had seating for 525. A new feature of the addition was that two of the classrooms were designed to be sun rooms. These were equipped with vita-glass which admitted ultra-violet rays for those children whose physical conditions could be improved by sufficient sunshine. The older building received a great deal of remodeling - two classrooms, teacher's rooms, janitor's apartment, and a moving picture booth. The polished wood floors remained. When Brainerd Junior High was built in 1930, Missionary Ridge School became grades 1-6. Trophy cases that dominated the entrance hall contained scores of awards for athletic and academic achievement as well as citizenship. The school had upper and lower playgrounds. Before that time, students played at Bragg Reservation and at the 5-story fire tower. The upper playground had an enclosed courtyard with swing sets, a jungle gym, and long, narrow stairs to a lower ball field. The school was closed in 1977 after 65 years. It was transferred from Chattanooga Public to the City of Chattanooga. In 1978, the Missionary Ridge Elementary School became the first home of the Chattanooga Regional History Museum. It was relocated after one year and later became the Chattanooga History Center. Unfortunately, the former beloved school building burned in 1992. Former students fondly remember inspiring teachers, annual musical programs, a full slate of sports offerings, and clothing drives for the less fortunate. They remember the special concern for the individual that was characteristic of the school from its first days to its last. Please visit our website at http://www.missionaryridge.org Visit Missionary Ridge Elementary School Alumni on Facebook at: https://www.facebook.com/groups/132403940273/
2. BRAGG_170610_013.JPG: Missionary Ridge School, 1915
3. BRAGG_170610_019.JPG: Medal of Honor Heritage Trail Missionary Ridge - November - 1863 General William T. Sherman brought his army to Chattanooga from Memphis and Mississippi. As soon as the army arrived, he led them over a pontoon bridge to Moccasin Bend and behind Stringer's Ridge to make the Confederates think he was going to Knoxville. Once behind the ridge, however, he crossed the river to the Crutchfield farm on Amnicola Highway. Sherman planned to climb the north end of Missionary Ridge and move south along the crest. However his maps were faulty and he found a series of hills rather than one continues ridge. He passed over Billy Goat Hill into the valley and was forced to move uphill against General Patrick Cleburne's fortified artillery on top of Tunnel Hill. On November 25th, 1863, General Green R. Raum's 2nd Brigade of General John E. Smith's 2nd Division of the 17th Corps moved up the hill on the left but were driven back. Sergeant Freeman Davis' 80th Ohio Infantry was part of the unit. He saw the color bearers shot down and under severe fire and great danger to himself, he recovered both flags and saved them from capture by the enemy. For this accomplishment he was later awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. He was subsequently promoted to the rank of Captain. John S. Kountz was the drummer boy for Company G, in the 37th Ohio Infantry. This unit was to the right of Raum's brigade in the attack on Tunnel Hill. "When the fighting was going on," Drummer Kountz later wrote, "I became so enthused that I threw away my drum and went forward with the regiment. The assault lasted but a few minutes, the firing from the enemy's entrenched position being simple terrible – grape canister, shot and shell rained upon us… During the battle I was hit by rifle ball just above the knee and the wound bled until the ground under me was covered with blood." The company commander asked who would go get him. William Schmidt, his former schoolmate answered, "I will." Schmidt skirted a low hill for cover as far as he could, and then raced out onto the open field to reach the wounded drummer. He later wrote, "Advancing some distance under cover of the hill, I sprang forward to the spot where he lay. I succeeded in getting him safely back to our lines. When I rescued him he was nearer the rebel works than any of the killed or wounded of our regiment." William Schmidt was later awarded the Medal of Honor for saving his friend. Drummer Kountz was taken to an aide station where a surgeon informed him that amputation was necessary. He was chloroformed and on wakening felt for his leg but it was gone. "At the time I was 17 years of age." Drummer Kountz lost his leg but survived the war for many years. Although the War Department found him guilty of disobedience, the same act of heroism earned him the Medal of Honor 30 years later.
4. BRAGG_170610_029.JPG: Drummer John S. Kountz
5. BRAGG_170610_035.JPG: Medal of Honor Heritage Trail Missionary Ridge - November - 1863 Private Robert B. Brown was in the 15th Ohio Infantry Regiment. At Missionary Ridge his regiment was a part of General August Willich's Brigade in General T. J. Wood's Third Division. "At 9 a.m. on the 25th," General Willich later wrote, "under orders, our pickets drove the enemy back to their rifle-pits at the foot of Missionary Ridge. At 11 a.m. I received an order to prepare for an advance, and to advance toward Missionary Ridge at the signal of six rapid cannon shots. In his capture of the Confederate flag, Private Robert B. Brown lived up to his commanders standards. When awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor his citation stated: "At Missionary Ridge, Tenn., 25 November 1863. Citation: Upon reaching the ridge through concentrated fire, he approached the color bearer of the 9th Mississippi Infantry, demanded his surrender with threatening gesture and took him prisoner with his regimental flag." George L. Banks was Color-Sergeant in the Fifteenth Indiana Infantry, a part of General Philip Sheridan's command. With his flag he led the attack on Missionary Ridge. In 1897, he received from Secretary of War R.A. Alger the Congressional Medal of Honor. An accompanying letter stated: "You are hereby notified that by direction of the President under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved March 3, 1863, providing for the presentation of Medals of Honor to such officers, non-commissioned officers and privates as have most distinguished themselves in action, a Congressional Medal of Honor has this day been presented to you for most distinguished gallantry in action, the following being a statement of particular service: At Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863, this soldier, then a Color Sergeant, 15th Indiana Vols., in the assault, led his regiment, calling upon his comrades to follow, and near the summit he was wounded and left behind insensible, but having recovered consciousness rejoined the advance, again took the flag and carried it forward to the enemy's works, where he was again wounded. In the brigade of eight regiments the flag of the 15th Indiana was the first planted on the Parapet." Lieutenant Thomas N. Graham in the 15th Indiana Infantry Regiment was a part of General Philip Sheridan's command when they moved toward Missionary Ridge. While the 15th Indiana Infantry charged up the steep ridge, they were led by the regimental flag until the Color Sergeant was wounded. Lieutenant Thomas Graham, immediately seized the colors and planted the flag inside the enemy lines. The tattered, torn, bullet ridden flag gives a silent testimony to the heroic acts of the men of the 15th Indiana Regiment. After the war, Lieutenant Thomas Graham was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for carrying the flag of the 15th Indiana Infantry up the side of Missionary Ridge under fire. The official citation for Lieutenant Thomas N. Graham reads "Seized the colors from the color bearer, who had been wounded, and, exposed to a terrible fire, carried them forward, planting them on the enemy's breastworks."
6. BRAGG_170610_037.JPG: Private Robert B. Brown
7. BRAGG_170610_045.JPG: Gravestone of Lieutenant Thomas N. Graham
8. BRAGG_170610_054.JPG: Medal of Honor Heritage Trail Missionary Ridge - November - 1863 The men of General John B. Turchin's Brigade were bitter at the way they were treated by the Confederates at Chickamauga. As they swarmed up Missionary Ridge on November 25th they screamed "Chickamauga!!" over and over again as their war cry. Three of these soldiers from the 11th Ohio Infantry and one from the 31st Ohio were awarded the Medal of Honor for the valor they showed going up the ridge in the face of massed artillery and musket fire with such determination that nothing could stand in their path. In his formal report of the action, General Turchin stated: "James B. Bell, Color Sergeant, Eleventh Ohio, who was wounded in five places before he gave up; Corpl. George Greene and Private H.R. Howard, of the same regiment, who captured the rebel flag; James Walker, Private Thirty-first Ohio, who carried the colors after 2 color bearers had fallen, and captured one of the enemy's flags… should all be promoted" John B. Bell joined the 11th Ohio infantry at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati, Ohio. He was Colors Sergeant for the regiment when the unit fought at Missionary Ridge as a part of General John B. Turchin's Brigade. Sergeant James B. Bell's Medal of Honor citation stated: "Though severely wounded, was first of his regiment on the summit of the ridge, planted his colors inside the enemy's works, and did not leave the field until after he had been wounded 5 times." George Green of Elsham, England was a corporal in the 11th Ohio Infantry when he went up the ridge with Turchin's men. Many of the attacking Federal soldiers fell before a severe fusillade of enemy fire, but Corporal Green continued until he approached the works and leaped over the enemy's fortifications. There Corporal Green and Private Hiram Howard found the color bearer of the 18th Alabama Infantry and wrested the flag from him in combat. They earned Medals of Honor for heroism in action. On August 4, 1862, Arthur MacArthur, at the age of 17, was commissioned First Lieutenant and appointed Adjutant of the 24th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment. In the attack on Missionary Ridge he was in General Philip Sheridan's Division a short distance south of Turchin's Brigade. Noon passed, then 1 and 2 p.m., then guided by the beat of drums and the sound of bugles the Army of the Cumberland charged on a dead run toward the enemy rifle pits three quarters of a mile away. Sheridan's 1st Brigade and the 24th Wisconsin were the first to hit the Confederate rifle pits. Up the ridge, Capt. Edwin Parsons, of Company K, jumped into the pits with MacArthur right on his heels. Lieutenant MacArthur seized his unit's colors and planted them on the enemy breastworks, thus rallying the regiment at a critical moment, all while under fire from the Confederates. His unit took the breastworks and eventually won the battle. For this feat he was awarded the Medal of Honor and was inspired to become a career soldier.
9. BRAGG_170610_061.JPG: Lieutenant Arthur MacArthur
10. BRAGG_170610_079.JPG: Battle of Missionary Ridge Without orders, the Federals charged up the mountain On the morning of November 25, 1863, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Union army began its attack against Gen. Braxton Bragg's Confederates who occupied this ridge and the slopes below. After unsuccessful attacks on the northern end of the ridge, and the slow march of Hooker's troops from the south, Grant ordered Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas' troops in the center to seize the Confederate rifle-pits at the base of the ridge. The Federals stormed the rifle-pits, forcing Confederates to retreat up the slopes in front of you. Then, without orders, the Federals swarmed up the slope in pursuit, swept over the crest, and routed the poorly positioned defenders. The outnumbered Confederates broke and fled down the slope behind you. Only darkness and the rearguard action of Maj. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne saved the Confederates from destruction. The Union victory here at Missionary Ridge left Chattanooga firmly in Union hands, and set the stage for General Sherman's advance against Atlanta in the spring.
11. BRAGG_170610_083.JPG: Confederate gunners here had trouble aiming their cannon low enough to hit the Federals swarming up the slopes. Also, Confederates defending this position hesitated to fire into their own men who were retreating up the hill in front of the Federals.
12. BRAGG_170610_087.JPG: The Confederate line on Missionary Ridge extended two miles to your left, and four miles to your right. Gen. Braxton Bragg, the Confederate commander, directed his army from the location where you are now standing.
13. BRAGG_170610_089.JPG: Acts of valor inspired the Union troops. Near this location, Lt. Arthur MacArthur, Jr. bore the colors of the 24th Wisconsin Infantry to the crest of Missionary Ridge after three color-bearers had fallen. MacArthur, the father of Gen. Douglas MacArthur, was awarded the Medal of Honor.
14. BRAGG_170610_158.JPG: Cobb's Kentucky Battery. Four 12 Pounder Napoleon. Capt. Robert Cobb's Artillery Battalion. Breckinridge's (Bate's) Div., Breckinridge's Corps. Lieut. Frank P. Gracey, Commanding. 1st Lieut. R.B. Mathews, 2d Lieut. B.A. James. Nov. 25th, 1863. 4 P.M. Th battery was detached from the battalion on the morning of the 25th and occupied this position during the assault on the ridge by the enemy in the line of Adams' Brigade of Stewart's Div. The advance of the enemy in two and three lines, preceded by a double line of skirmishers in its immediate front, was the occasion for the opening of all the guns, first with shot and shell, and later with canister, till the enemy was among the guns of the left section, while the right half was still firing. The guns were captured where they stood by the brigades of Harker and Sherman of Sheridan's Div. After the base of the ridge had been reached by the enemy, the guns could not be used with serious injury to the assaulting columns on account of the steepness and irregularities of the ridge. By special request of Gen. Bragg the guns were named "Lady Buckner", "Lady Breckinridge", "Lady Lyon", and "Lady Gracey". Casualties: Men killed, 1; Men wounded, 7; Men missing, 3; Guns lost, 4; Caissons, 4; Horses killed, 3.
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