BGuthrie Photos: MS -- Natchez Trace Parkway -- Mile 128.4 -- Upper Choctaw Boundary

MS -- Natchez Trace Parkway -- Mile 128.4 -- Upper Choctaw Boundary:

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[1] NT1284_170605_01.JPG	[2] NT1284_170605_05.JPG	[3] NT1284_170605_09.JPG
[4] NT1284_170605_12.JPG	[5] NT1284_170605_15.JPG	[6] NT1284_170605_18.JPG
[7] NT1284_170605_24.JPG	[8] NT1284_170605_28.JPG	[9] NT1284_170605_30.JPG
[10] NT1284_170605_36.JPG	[11] NT1284_170605_39.JPG	[12] NT1284_170605_43.JPG
[13] NT1284_170605_44.JPG	[14] NT1284_170605_46.JPG	[15] NT1284_170605_49.JPG
[16] NT1284_170605_51.JPG	[17] NT1284_170605_54.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. NT1284_170605_05.JPG: Doaks Stand: About 1812 William Doak established his stand, or tavern, on the Natchez Trace which is five miles north of the Parkway at this point. The Treaty of Doaks Stand was signed there in 1820. Because "He conducted himself respectfully toward those who called at his house... and made considerable improvement on the land," Doak was given sole right to purchase his land after it was opened for settlement. When the Robinson Road took traffic from the Natchez Trace, the stand was moved to the crossing of the Choctaw Boundary and the new road -- about 1/2 mile north of here.
2. NT1284_170605_09.JPG: Choctaw Boundary
3. NT1284_170605_12.JPG: Indian Treaty: The line of trees crossing the Parkway immediately to your left, marked a section of the boundary accepted by the Choctaw Indians and the American Commission under Andrew Jackson in the treaty of Doaks Stand, October 20, 1820. You are on the Choctaw side of the boundary. The Choctaws reluctantly gave to the United States the land west of the line from White Oak Spring on the old Indian Path, northwardly to a black oak standing on the Natchez Road, about 40 poles eastwardly from Doaks fence marked "AJ" and blazed. The area surrendered by the Choctaw Nation amounted to some 5.5 million acres, about 1/3 of their land. Ten years later in 1830, the Choctaws were forced to give up all their lands. Other Indians were forced to do the same by 1834 thus clearing for white settlement all areas of the three states crossed by the Natchez Trace.
4. NT1284_170605_15.JPG: The wood is rotting
5. NT1284_170605_18.JPG: Promises Broken: After 1800, treaties between the Choctaw and the US government whittled away tribal rights and lands. Finally, in 1830, the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek was negotiated at a council house near this spot. All the remaining Choctaw homeland -- nearly 10.5 million acres -- was taken. From 1831 through 1834, thousands of Choctaw trekked over 500 miles to "Indian Territory." The US War Department had promised in 1830 to "be kind and brotherly to them... to furnish them with ample corn and beef, or pork for themselves and their families." Instead, the Choctaw had inadequate clothing and supplies. Heavy rain, blizzard-like snowfall, and a shortage of wagons turned the force removal deadly.
6. NT1284_170605_28.JPG: Southern Pines Pine forests of the south played a major role in the growth of the Nation and have become a southern economic mainstay along with soybeans, cotton, and other agricultural products. Today, through reforestation and management as a crop, pines produce timber yearly and still maintain a growth which is in excess of the harvest. A 10-minute walk around this trail will acquaint you with the southern pines, their life history and enemies.
7. NT1284_170605_36.JPG: Beetle Enemies: Southern pines have two major enemies, southern pine beetle and black turpentine beetle. Both bore into the bark, leaving pitch tubules. The larvae burrow along eating the inner bark. If enough beetles infest one tree, it may be girdled and die.
8. NT1284_170605_39.JPG: Pine Forests: Pines grow much more rapidly than hardwoods. The fast growing forest can begin to produce pulpwood size trees with 5" diameters in as little as 10 years and will reach sawlog maturity of 18" - 20" diameter in about 25 years.
9. NT1284_170605_43.JPG: About a Pine: This pine tree is approximately 90 years old (1975), and is 19 inches in diameter and 80 feet tall. If it were made into pulpwood it would produce enough paper to print 30 text-books each 550 pages in length.
10. NT1284_170605_46.JPG: Shortleaf Pine: Shortleaf pine endures disease and drought better than other pines and even grows back from burned out stumps. Needles, mostly in bundles of 2, are 3 to 5 inches long. Cones are very short up to 2 1/2 inches long. Look up and you can see the difference between the Shortleaf and Loblolly trees.
11. NT1284_170605_49.JPG: Fire: Pines are not as shade tolerant as hardwoods and their seed require a mineral soil for germination, preferably disturbed. When fire occurs it kills the less fire tolerant hardwoods and burns leaves and grasses down to mineral soil. These conditions permit the regeneration of a pine forest.
12. NT1284_170605_51.JPG: Succession: Without occasional fires, or clearing, pine forests will not reproduce. If you look around you will see no pine seedlings, only hardwoods. When these mature pines die they will be replaced by a hardwood forest unless a fire occurs or man interferes to permit pine regeneration.
Description of Subject Matter: Short trail.
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