BGuthrie Photos: MD -- Cambridge

MD -- Cambridge:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. CAMB_170317_009.JPG: Finding Freedom The Call of Freedom: Dorchester County occupies a central place in the story of the Underground Railroad, the secret network of "stations" and "conductors" that sheltered and shepherded hundreds of enslave African Americans to freedom in the mid-1800s. This county courthouse was the site of two famous Underground Railroad trials. An earlier courthouse her was the site of a dramatic escape engineered by the famed Underground Railroad conductor Harriet Tubman, a Dorchester native. Kessiah's Flight: In December 1850, Kessiah Bowley and her two young children went up on the slave auction block at this site. John Bowley, a free black ship carpenter, outbid everyone for the right to buy his wife and children. By the time the auctioneer called for payment, John, Kessiah, and the children were nowhere to be found. That night, the Bowleys made their way out of hiding to a waiting boat and sailed up the Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore. Kessiah's aunt, Harriet Tubman, anticipated their arrival. She had helped John plan this escape by communicating through the Underground Railroad. She then took them farther north to freedom. Justice in Slavery Times: In April 1857, the county sheriff raided the East New Market home of Reverend Samuel Green, a free black man and a Methodist minister suspected of Underground Railroad activity, and found a copy of the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. Green was convicted at this courthouse and sentenced to 10 years in prison under a law that made it a felony to own antislavery publications. He was pardoned in 1862. In 1858, a group of slaves fleeing Dorchester County with "conductor" Hugh Hazlett was arrested in neighboring Caroline County. Hazlett, a 27-year-old immigrant laborer from Ireland, made a dramatic escape from the county jail, only to be recaptured. He was tried here and sentenced to a prison term of 44 years, six months, and nine days. He was pardoned in 1864, after Maryland freed its slaves.
2. CAMB_170317_016.JPG: John Bowley secreted his family away from Cambridge to Baltimore on a small boat.
3. CAMB_170317_026.JPG: Samuel Green was a well respected free black farmer and preacher who was suspected of being involved in the Underground Railroad. He was arrested in 1857 for owning a copy of Uncle Tom's Cabin.
4. CAMB_170317_028.JPG: Published in 1852, Uncle Tom's Cabin sold over a million copies in the first year. Harriet Beecher Stowe's story brought the evils of slavery to light.
5. CAMB_170317_078.JPG: John Barth: A literary pioneer from Cambridge Rooted in Cambridge; John Barth -- called "one of the greatest novelists of our time" -- was born in Cambridge on May 27, 1930 and grew up on Aurora Street. While living here, Barth frequented his father's soda fountain. Whitey's Candyland, on Race Street, and played drums in a jazz combo that included his twin sister, Jill, on piano. Barh attended East Cambridge Elementary School and graduated from Cambridge High School in 1947.
6. CAMB_170317_091.JPG: Eastern Shore Infantry "... glorious achievements ..." During the Civil War, US Col. James Wallace, commander of the 1st Regiment, Eastern Shore Maryland Volunteers, used this building as his headquarters. The regiment, which camped east of here, drew most of its members directly from the Eastern Shore. Wallace's principal duties were to protect local residents, ensure free elections, stop smuggling of supplies to Confederates and enforce wartime rules and regulations. While most of the men were assigned to the camp at Cambridge, detachments guarded towns, wharves and river ports up and down the Eastern Shore. When Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee invaded the North in 1863, the regiment marched to Gettysburg, where it fought with distinction at Culp's Hill as part of the US Army's XII Corps. On July 4, 1863, Wallace reported," ... The conduct of my men was very satisfactory. All did their duty, and, considering that this was the first time they were under fire, their behavior was very steady. ... We remained upon the field until 8pm, when, in obedience to orders, we took up another position and bivouacked for the night. Thus ended the participation of my command in the glorious achievements of yesterday. From the prisoners taken we have been credibly informed that the enemy we fought was the First Maryland (rebel) Regiment [Battalion]." Thomas Holliday Hicks was born near Cambridge on Sept. 2, 1798, and served as Maryland's governor from 1858 to 1862. Throughout his term, he was pressured by the General Assembly and Confederate sympathizers to allow Maryland to secede from the Union. Instead, Hicks worked closely with President Lincoln to prevent disruption of supply lines and interference with US troops. Hicks is buried less than a mile from here in Cambridge Cemetery. His grave is marked by the monument pictured above, whose inscription states, "This monument, erected by the state in 1868, honors Thomas Holliday Hicks, a native and life resident of Dorchester County. Late in 1860, and early in 1861 as Maryland's first Civil War governor, he opposed the doctrines of secession and of coercion. In furtherance of his policy and resisting great pressure, he refused for five months to call the legislature in special session. During the war he supported the Union."
7. CAMB_170317_097.JPG: Thomas Holliday Hicks was born near Cambridge on Sept. 2, 1798, and served as Maryland's governor from 1858 to 1862. Throughout his term, he was pressured by the General Assembly and Confederate sympathizers to allow Maryland to secede from the Union. Instead, Hicks worked closely with President Lincoln to prevent disruption of supply lines and interference with US troops. Hicks is buried less than a mile from here in Cambridge Cemetery. His grave is marked by the monument pictured above, whose inscription states, "This monument, erected by the state in 1868, honors Thomas Holliday Hicks, a native and life resident of Dorchester County. Late in 1860, and early in 1861 as Maryland's first Civil War governor, he opposed the doctrines of secession and of coercion. In furtherance of his policy and resisting great pressure, he refused for five months to call the legislature in special session. During the war he supported the Union."
8. CAMB_170317_101.JPG: Monument at Gettysburg Battlefield of 1st Regiment, Eastern Shore Maryland Volunteers
9. CAMB_170317_162.JPG: The River Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway As a deep-water tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, the Choptank River was a commercial artery of the Eastern Shore since colonial times. Cargoes of timber, tobacco, and farm harvests were hoisted by dockworkers to waiting ships. During the early years of the slave trade, captive Africans were unloaded here too. Later, thousands of enslaved people were shipped from Long Wharf to plantations in the South. Ironically, the Choptank River also served as a route to freedom, part of the Underground Railroad. Slaves fleeing on foot knew to follow the river's course north to headwaters in Delaware. Some escapees hid aboard vessels, aided by captains or crewman willing to take the risk. Penalties for assisting runaways were steep. When suspected Underground Railroad agent Hugh Haziett arrived here from Denton to stand trial for assisting runaway slaves, his boat was met by an angry mob. Found guilty, Haziett received a sentence of 44 years in prison.
10. CAMB_170317_174.JPG: 1954 To the memory of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a great American. President Roosevelt visited Cambridge on October 26, 1935, to participate in the dedication of the Emerson C. Harrington Bridge. This stack was removed from the U.S.S. Potomac, which carried him on numerous historic occasions. It enclosed the elevator which meant so much to his comfort.
Wikipedia Description: Cambridge, Maryland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cambridge is a city in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 12,326 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Dorchester County and the county's largest municipality. Cambridge is the fourth most populous city in Maryland's Eastern Shore region, after Salisbury, Elkton and Easton.

History

Settled by English colonists in 1684, Cambridge is one of the oldest colonial cities in Maryland. At the time of English colonization, the Algonquian-speaking Choptank Indians were already living along the river of the same name. During the colonial years, the English colonists developed farming on the Eastern Shore. The largest plantations were devoted first to tobacco, and then mixed farming. Planters bought enslaved Africans to farm tobacco and mixed farming. The town was a trading center for the area. The town pier was the center for slave trading for the region, a sad history documented well in historical markers throughout the town center. It was incorporated officially in 1793, and occupies part of the former Choptank Indian Reservation. Cambridge was named after the town and county in England. The town became a stop on the underground railroad, which had an extensive network of safe houses for slaves escaping to the north.

Cambridge developed food processing industries in the late 19th century, canning oysters, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. Industrial growth in Cambridge was led by the Phillips Packing Company, which eventually grew to become the area's largest employer. The company won contracts with the Department of Defense during the First and Second World wars that aided its growth. At its peak, it employed as many as 10,000 workers. Changing tastes brought about a decline in business leading Phillips to downsize its operations. By the early 1960s the company ceased operations altogether. This led to widescale unemployment and added to the city's growing social problems.

During the period from 1962 until 1967, Cambridge was a center of protests during the Civil Rights Movement as African Americans sought equal access to employment and housing. They also sought to end racial segregation of schools and other public accommodations. Riots erupted in Cambridge in 1963 and 1967, and the Maryland National Guard were deployed to the city to assist local authorities with peace-keeping efforts. The leader of the movement was Gloria Richardson. With the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, public segregation in Cambridge officially ended.

In 2002, the city's economy was boosted by jobs and tourism associated with the opening of the 400-room Hyatt Regency Chesapeake Bay resort. This resort includes a golf course, spa, and marina. The resort was the site of the 2007 US House Republican Conference, which included an address by U.S. President George W. Bush.

Cambridge was designated a Maryland Main Street community on July 1, 2003. Cambridge Main Street is a comprehensive downtown revitalization process created by the Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development. It plans to strengthen the economic potential of select cities around the state. The initiative has led to enhancements of its heritage tourism attractions. Together with other cities on the Eastern Shore, Cambridge is attracting more tourists. It has revitalized its downtown business district, part of which was designated a historical district in 1990.

Four different teams in the old Eastern Shore Baseball League—the Canners, Cardinals, Clippers, and Dodgers—were located in Cambridge.

The Brinsfield I Site, Cambridge Historic District, Wards I and III, Christ Episcopal Church and Cemetery, Dale's Right, Dorchester County Courthouse and Jail, Glasgow, Goldsborough House, LaGrange, Annie Oakley House, Patricia (log canoe), Pine Street Neighborhood Historic District, Rock Methodist Episcopal Church, Stanley Institute, Sycamore Cottage, and Yarmouth are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
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