BGuthrie Photos: FL -- Pensacola -- Fort Pickens -- Museum

FL -- Pensacola -- Fort Pickens -- Museum:

Bruce Guthrie Photos Home Page: [Click here] to go to Bruce Guthrie Photos home page.

Recognize anyone? If you recognize specific folks (or other stuff) and I haven't labeled them, please identify them for the world. Click the little pencil icon

underneath the file name (just above the picture). Spammers need not apply.

Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

Accessing as Spider: The system has identified your IP as being a spider.
IP Address: 18.118.2.15 -- Domain: Amazon Technologies
I love well-behaved spiders! They are, in fact, how most people find my site. Unfortunately, my network has a limited bandwidth and pictures take up bandwidth. Spiders ask for lots and lots of pages and chew up lots and lots of bandwidth which slows things down considerably for regular folk. To counter this, you'll see all the text on the page but the images are being suppressed. Also, some system options like merges are being blocked for you.
Note: Permission is NOT granted for spiders, robots, etc to use the site for AI-generation purposes. I'm sure you're thrilled by your ability to make revenue from my work but there's nothing in that for my human users or for me.
If you are in fact human, please email me at guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can check if your designation was made in error. Given your number of hits, that's unlikely but what the hell.

Help? The Medium (Email) links are for screen viewing and emailing. You'll want bigger sizes for printing. [Click here for additional help]

Share: Facebook Twitter Digg
[1] FTPIMU_170422_001.JPG	[2] FTPIMU_170422_005.JPG	[3] FTPIMU_170422_007.JPG
[4] FTPIMU_170422_012.JPG	[5] FTPIMU_170422_014.JPG	[6] FTPIMU_170422_017.JPG
[7] FTPIMU_170422_020.JPG	[8] FTPIMU_170422_022.JPG	[9] FTPIMU_170422_024.JPG
[10] FTPIMU_170422_028.JPG	[11] FTPIMU_170422_030.JPG	[12] FTPIMU_170422_033.JPG
[13] FTPIMU_170422_035.JPG	[14] FTPIMU_170422_037.JPG	[15] FTPIMU_170422_041.JPG
[16] FTPIMU_170422_044.JPG	[17] FTPIMU_170422_046.JPG	[18] FTPIMU_170422_049.JPG
[19] FTPIMU_170422_054.JPG	[20] FTPIMU_170422_056.JPG	[21] FTPIMU_170422_060.JPG
[22] FTPIMU_170422_062.JPG	[23] FTPIMU_170422_065.JPG	[24] FTPIMU_170422_067.JPG
[25] FTPIMU_170422_069.JPG	[26] FTPIMU_170422_071.JPG	[27] FTPIMU_170422_074.JPG
[28] FTPIMU_170422_076.JPG	[29] FTPIMU_170422_079.JPG	[30] FTPIMU_170422_081.JPG
[31] FTPIMU_170422_083.JPG	[32] FTPIMU_170422_085.JPG	[33] FTPIMU_170422_087.JPG
[34] FTPIMU_170422_089.JPG	[35] FTPIMU_170422_092.JPG	[36] FTPIMU_170422_095.JPG
[37] FTPIMU_170422_099.JPG	[38] FTPIMU_170422_102.JPG	[39] FTPIMU_170422_105.JPG
[40] FTPIMU_170422_107.JPG	[41] FTPIMU_170422_110.JPG	[42] FTPIMU_170422_113.JPG
[43] FTPIMU_170422_116.JPG	[44] FTPIMU_170422_119.JPG	[45] FTPIMU_170422_122.JPG
[46] FTPIMU_170422_125.JPG	[47] FTPIMU_170422_127.JPG	[48] FTPIMU_170422_129.JPG
[49] FTPIMU_170422_131.JPG	[50] FTPIMU_170422_135.JPG	[51] FTPIMU_170422_137.JPG
[52] FTPIMU_170422_139.JPG	[53] FTPIMU_170422_141.JPG	[54] FTPIMU_170422_144.JPG
[55] FTPIMU_170422_146.JPG	[56] FTPIMU_170422_148.JPG	[57] FTPIMU_170422_150.JPG
[58] FTPIMU_170422_151.JPG	[59] FTPIMU_170422_153.JPG	[60] FTPIMU_170422_155.JPG
[61] FTPIMU_170422_157.JPG	[62] FTPIMU_170422_158.JPG	[63] FTPIMU_170422_161.JPG
[64] FTPIMU_170422_163.JPG	[65] FTPIMU_170422_166.JPG	[66] FTPIMU_170422_168.JPG
[67] FTPIMU_170422_171.JPG	[68] FTPIMU_170422_174.JPG	[69] FTPIMU_170422_177.JPG
[70] FTPIMU_170422_179.JPG	[71] FTPIMU_170422_182.JPG	[72] FTPIMU_170422_184.JPG
[73] FTPIMU_170422_187.JPG	[74] FTPIMU_170422_190.JPG	[75] FTPIMU_170422_193.JPG
[76] FTPIMU_170422_196.JPG	[77] FTPIMU_170422_199.JPG	[78] FTPIMU_170422_203.JPG
[79] FTPIMU_170422_205.JPG	[80] FTPIMU_170422_207.JPG	[81] FTPIMU_170422_209.JPG
[82] FTPIMU_170422_212.JPG	[83] FTPIMU_170422_215.JPG	[84] FTPIMU_170422_217.JPG
[85] FTPIMU_170422_220.JPG	[86] FTPIMU_170422_222.JPG	[87] FTPIMU_170422_225.JPG
[88] FTPIMU_170422_229.JPG	[89] FTPIMU_170422_234.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. FTPIMU_170422_012.JPG: The Original Chimney Hurricane Ivan Knocked the Building Off Its Foundation
2. FTPIMU_170422_020.JPG: 1960s-1970s: The National Seashore Creating the Seashore
3. FTPIMU_170422_033.JPG: 1890s-1960s Soldiers and Sunbathers Mixing Work and Pleasure on the Island
4. FTPIMU_170422_041.JPG: 1890s-1940s Coastal Defense Changing Defense Needs
5. FTPIMU_170422_044.JPG: 1890s-1940s Coastal Defense Changing Defense Needs
6. FTPIMU_170422_049.JPG: 1886-1888 Apache Prisoners at Fort Pickens
7. FTPIMU_170422_054.JPG: 1886-1888 Apache Prisoners at Fort Pickens
8. FTPIMU_170422_056.JPG: Apache prisoners en route to Florida, 1886
9. FTPIMU_170422_067.JPG: 1865-1890s Postwar Changes New Technologies and New Challenges
10. FTPIMU_170422_069.JPG: 1865-1890s Postwar Changes New Technologies and New Challenges
11. FTPIMU_170422_076.JPG: 1861-1865 The Civil War Fort Pickens: A Union Fort
12. FTPIMU_170422_079.JPG: Surprise Attack
13. FTPIMU_170422_083.JPG: A bird's eye view of Pensacola Bay showing the bombardment of the Confederate lines opposite Fort Pickens, November 22-23, 1861
14. FTPIMU_170422_125.JPG: 1821-1861 Defending Pensacola Bay Building Fort Pickens
15. FTPIMU_170422_127.JPG: 1821-1861 Defending Pensacola Bay Building Fort Pickens
16. FTPIMU_170422_131.JPG: Building the fort was a huge endeavor. Brickyards from Pensacola and Mobile supplied 21.5 million bricks. Enslaved African Americans laid bricks and did the carpentry and other work. The firm of Underhill and Strong got the job in part because of the "large force of Black mechanics and laborers which they have at their disposal."
17. FTPIMU_170422_141.JPG: 1500-1521 European Colonists Hostile Neighbors and Powerful Storms
18. FTPIMU_170422_144.JPG: 1500-1521 European Colonists Hostile Neighbors and Powerful Storms
19. FTPIMU_170422_151.JPG: Before the 1500s The First Floridians Indians on Santa Rosa Island
20. FTPIMU_170422_153.JPG: Before the 1500s The First Floridians Indians on Santa Rosa Island
21. FTPIMU_170422_163.JPG: Harbor Defense System 1821-1834
22. FTPIMU_170422_166.JPG: The Fort Sees Action 1861-1865
23. FTPIMU_170422_171.JPG: Long Range Defense 1914-1950
24. FTPIMU_170422_174.JPG: Coastal Defenses 1866-1914
25. FTPIMU_170422_177.JPG: Coastal Defense Historic Structures on the Island
26. FTPIMU_170422_184.JPG: Climate Change What Will It Mean for the Island?
27. FTPIMU_170422_187.JPG: Sea Level Rise
28. FTPIMU_170422_190.JPG: Santa Rosa Island 2012
29. FTPIMU_170422_193.JPG: One-Meter Sea Level Rise
30. FTPIMU_170422_196.JPG: One and One-Half Meters Sea Level Rise
31. FTPIMU_170422_199.JPG: Two-Meters Sea Level Rise
32. FTPIMU_170422_203.JPG: Three-Meters Sea Level Rise
33. FTPIMU_170422_205.JPG: From Mountains to Sea Why is the Sand so White?
34. FTPIMU_170422_207.JPG: Gulf Currents
35. FTPIMU_170422_209.JPG: The Impacts of Hurricane Ivan, 2004
36. FTPIMU_170422_212.JPG: Island Movement
37. FTPIMU_170422_220.JPG: Share the Shore
38. FTPIMU_170422_222.JPG: Eggs in the Sand
39. FTPIMU_170422_225.JPG: Raising the Next Generation
Wikipedia Description: Fort Pickens
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fort Pickens is a pentagonal historic United States military fort on Santa Rosa Island in the Pensacola, Florida, area. It is named after American Revolutionary War hero Andrew Pickens. The fort was completed in 1834 and remained in use until 1947. Fort Pickens is included within the Gulf Islands National Seashore, and as such, is administered by the National Park Service.

History

After the War of 1812, the United States decided to fortify all of its major ports. French engineer Simon Bernard was appointed to design Fort Pickens. Construction lasted from 1829 to 1834, with 21.5 million bricks being used to build it. Much of the construction was done by black slaves. Its construction was supervised by Colonel William H. Chase of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. During the American Civil War, he sided with the Confederacy and was appointed to command Florida's troops.

Fort Pickens was the largest of a group of fortifications designed to defend Pensacola Harbor. It supplemented Fort Barrancas, Fort McRee, and the Navy Yard. Located at the western tip of Santa Rosa Island, just offshore from the mainland, Fort Pickens guarded the island and the entrance to the harbor.

1858 fire

On the night of 20 January 1858, the USCS Robert J. Walker was at Pensacola when a major fire broke out at Fort Pickens. The cutter's men and boats, joined by the hydrographic party of the U.S. Coast Survey steamboat USCS Varina, rallied to fight the fire. The next day, the captain of the Robert J. Walker received a communication from Captain John Newton of the Army Corps of Engineers, who commanded the harbor of Pensacola, acknowledging the important service rendered by the Robert J. Walker.

Civil War

By the time of the American Civil War, Fort Pickens had not been occupied since shortly after the Mexican–American War. Despite its dilapidated condition, Lieutenant Adam J. Slemmer, in charge of United States forces at Fort Barrancas, decided the fort was the most defensible post in the area. He decided to abandon Barrancas when, around midnight of January 8, 1861, his guards repelled a group of local civilians who intended to occupy the fort. Some historians claim that these were the first shots fired in the Civil War.

On January 10, 1861, the day Florida declared its secession from the Union, Slemmer destroyed over 20,000 pounds of gunpowder at Fort McRee. He then spiked the guns at Fort Barrancas, and moved his 51 soldiers and 30 sailors to Fort Pickens. On January 15, 1861 and January 18, 1861, Slemmer refused surrender demands from Colonel William Henry Chase of the Florida militia. Ironically, Chase had designed and constructed the fort as captain in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Slemmer defended the fort against threat of attack until he was reinforced and relieved in April 1861 by Colonel Harvey Brown. Despite repeated Confederate threats, Fort Pickens was one of only three Southern forts to remain in Union hands throughout the war,

Montgomery C. Meigs, an Army engineer, was ordered by President Lincoln and Secretary of War Seward to Fort Pickens. During the war, Meigs would also construct the Washington Aqueduct and the dome on the U.S. Capitol in Washington, DC.

Indian wars

Captives from Indian Wars in the West were transported to the East Coast to be held as prisoners. From October 1886 to May 1887, Geronimo, a noted Apache war chief, was imprisoned in Fort Pickens, along with several of his warriors. Their families were held at Fort Marion in St. Augustine.

Endicott era

During the late 1890s and early 20th century, the Army had new gun batteries constructed at Fort Pickens. These batteries were part of a program initiated by the Endicott Board, a group headed by a mid-1880s Secretary of War, William C. Endicott. Instead of many guns concentrated in a traditional thick-walled masonry structure, the Endicott batteries are spread out over a wide area, concealed behind concrete parapets flush with the surrounding terrain. The use of the accurate, long-range weapons eliminated the need for the concentration of guns that was common in the Third System fortifications. Battery Pensacola was constructed physically within the walls of Fort Pickens, while other similar concrete batteries were constructed to the east and west as separate facilities. The ruins of these later facilities are also included in the Gulf Islands National Seashore complex. As at many posts, obsolete weapons were repurposed during WWI; Battery Cooper's 6-inch M1905 guns on disappearing carriages were removed in 1917, but a piece located at West Point was moved to Battery Cooper in 1976.

On June 20, 1899, a fire in Fort Pickens' Bastion D reached the bastion's magazine, which contained 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of powder. The resulting explosion killed one soldier and obliterated Bastion D. The force of the explosion was so great that bricks from Bastion D's walls landed across the bay at Fort Barrancas, more than 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away.

Post WW I

As with many other forts, Panama mounts were planned for in the interwar era, beginning in 1937. Four 155mm GPF guns were placed around Battery Cooper, two forward, and one to each side, in 1942. The 155 battery used Cooper's magazines, communications, and other support facilities
Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.) I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
Connection Not Secure messages? Those warnings you get from your browser about this site not having secure connections worry some people. This means this site does not have SSL installed (the link is http:, not https:). That's bad if you're entering credit card numbers, passwords, or other personal information. But this site doesn't collect any personal information so SSL is not necessary. Life's good!
Photo Contact: [Email Bruce Guthrie].