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FWATER_160604_08.JPG: Falling Waters
"Just charge it to Jeff Davis"
Gettysburg Campaign
The Potomac River trapped Gen. Robert E. Lee and his Confederate army during the retreat from Gettysburg. Flooded by torrential rains on July 4, 1863, the Potomac raged for more than a week, preventing Lee from crossing into present-day West Virginia. Complicating matters, on July 3, Union cavalry operating behind Lee's army had destroyed the pontoon bridge located here, severing his umbilical cord to the Confederacy.
Finally, on July 10, the Confederates completed a pontoon bridge, but it took two days for the ambulances and hundreds of ordnance and artillery wagons to cross. By the early evening of July 13, during another downpour, Gen. James Longstreet's infantry corps began tramping across, guided by bonfires on both shores and signal torches on the bridge. Gen. A.P. Hill's corps followed, and by mid-morning the next day, 30,000 Confederates were across.
Lee's army had escaped.
"An hour after dark we took up the line of march... The night being so dark and rainy, we could not see farther than "the noses on our faces," while at every step we went nearby up to our knees in slush and mud. Men would stand and sleep -- would march (if this could be called marching) and sleep. The soldiers could not fall out of ranks for fear of being hopelessly lost... Thus we would for one hour moving the distance of a hundred paces, and any soldier who has ever had to undergo such marching, can well understand its laboriousness."
-- Augustus Dickert, Kershaw's South Carolina brigade
Quartermaster John Harman, who previously had served as Stonewall Jackson's chief quartermaster, built 16 pontoon boats in two days from dismantled sheds and warehouses and wood from a Williamsport lumberyard. When the lumberyard manager complained, the Confederates retorted: "Just charge it to Jeff Davis. Our army is worth more than all your lumber in gold."
FWATER_160604_14.JPG: Wagon toppling off bridge
FWATER_160604_17.JPG: Quartermaster John Harman, who previously had served as Stonewall Jackson's chief quartermaster, built 16 pontoon boats in two days from dismantled sheds and warehouses and wood from a Williamsport lumberyard. When the lumberyard manager complained, the Confederates retorted: "Just charge it to Jeff Davis. Our army is worth more than all your lumber in gold."
Wooden Federal pontoon boats of the type that Harman constructed.
FWATER_160604_19.JPG: "An hour after dark we took up the line of march... The night being so dark and rainy, we could not see farther than "the noses on our faces," while at every step we went nearby up to our knees in slush and mud. Men would stand and sleep -- would march (if this could be called marching) and sleep. The soldiers could not fall out of ranks for fear of being hopelessly lost... Thus we would for one hour moving the distance of a hundred paces, and any soldier who has ever had to undergo such marching, can well understand its laboriousness."
-- Augustus Dickert, Kershaw's South Carolina brigade
FWATER_160604_24.JPG: Falling Waters
Retreating after Gettysburg, the Confederate army was trapped for seven days by the swollen Potomac River. July 13th-14th Gen. Lee with Longstreet's and Hill's corps crossed here on a pontoon bridge. Ewell's corps forded the Potomac above Williamsport.
Wikipedia Description: Battle of Williamsport
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Battle of Williamsport, also known as the Battle of Hagerstown or Falling Waters, took place from July 6 to July 16, 1863, in Washington County, Maryland, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War.
During the night of July 4–July 5, Gen. Robert E. Lee's battered Confederate army began its retreat from Gettysburg, moving southwest on the Fairfield Road toward Hagerstown and Williamsport, screened by Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry. The Union infantry followed cautiously the next day, converging on Middletown, Maryland.
By July 7, Brig. Gen. John D. Imboden stopped Brig. Gen. John Buford's Union cavalry from occupying Williamsport and destroying Confederate trains. On July 6, Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick's cavalry division drove two Confederate cavalry brigades through Hagerstown before being forced to retire by the arrival of the rest of Stuart's command. Lee's infantry reached the rain-swollen Potomac River but could not cross, the pontoon bridge having been destroyed by a cavalry raid.
On July 11, Lee entrenched a line, protecting the river crossings at Williamsport and waited for Maj. Gen. George G. Meade's Army of the Potomac to advance. On July 12, Meade reached the vicinity and probed the Confederate line. On July 13, skirmishing was heavy along the lines as Meade positioned his forces for an attack. In the meantime, the river fell enough to allow the construction of a new bridge, and Lee's army began crossing the river after dark on the 13th.
On the morning of July 14, Kilpatrick's and Buford's cavalry divisions approached from the north and east respectively. Before allowing Buford to gain a position on the flank and rear, Kilpatrick attacked the rearguard division of Maj. Gen. Henry Heth taking more than 500 prisoners. Confederate Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew was mortally wounded in the fight.
On July 16, Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg's cavalry approached Shepherdstown where the brigades of Brig. Gens. Fitzhugh Lee and John R. Chambliss, supported by Col. Milton J. Ferguson's brigade, held the Potomac River fords against the Union infantry. Fitzhugh Lee and Chambliss attacked Gregg, who held out against several attacks and sorties, fighting sporadically until nightfall when he withdrew.
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