BGuthrie Photos: DC Heritage Trails: A Fitting Tribute: Logan Circle Heritage Trail

DC Heritage Trails: A Fitting Tribute: Logan Circle Heritage Trail:

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Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. TRLOG_160316_005.JPG: A Fitting Tribute Logan Circle Heritage Trail 1 See You at the Center The City's Jewish Community Center opened here in 1926. Its grand presence one mile north of the White House expressed Jewish residents' prosperity and their growing contributions to the federal city and the nation. With American Jews routinely barred from social clubs, the JCC promoted Jewish identity and offered a gym, swimming pool, symphony orchestra, choral society, and basketball league. High school students thronged to dances held on the rooftop. Housing developer Morris Cafritz, a co-founder in 1912 of the local Young Men's Hebrew Association, led a fundraising campaign to build the JCC and served as its president for eight years. The center thrived until the 1950s, when many members moved to Washington's new suburbs. In 1969 it relocated to Rockville, Maryland and sold this building to the DC Government. When later generations of Jewish Washingtonians close city living, they launched a new independent DCJCC. Cafritz' son, Calvin, helped raise funds to buy back and renovate the building, which reopened in 1996 as the Washington DCJCC. One block north of this sign is the Church of the Holy City, the national church of the Swedenborgian denomination. Dedicated in 1896, the church was designed by Herbert Langford Warren, a Swedenborgian and founder of Harvard University's School of Architecture. Three blocks north is the House of the Temple, headquarters of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction, USA. Completed in 1915, it was DC's first major building by John Russell Pope, who later designed the National Archives and the Jefferson Memorial. The building's museums and library are open to the public.
2. TRLOG_160316_007.JPG: President Calvin Coolidge tells the crowd at the 1925 cornerstone-laying of the Jewish Community Center, "They are planting a home for community service."
3. TRLOG_160316_010.JPG: Washington Post Publisher Katharine Graham, front row center, philanthropist Calvin Cafritz, fourth from left, and major supporters celebrate the DCJCC re-opening.
4. TRLOG_160316_013.JPG: The grand ornamentation of the House of the Temple on 16th St. at Q includes the Sphinx, which tempted a sunbather in 1993.
5. TRLOG_160316_020.JPG: Swedenborgians gathered at Church of the Holy City for a national conference, around 1930.
6. TRLOG_160316_024.JPG: A Fitting Tribute Logan Circle Heritage Trail The Logan Circle Neighborhood began with city boosters' dreams of greatness. The troops, cattle pens, and hubbub of the Civil War (1861-1865) had nearly ruined Washington, and when the fighting ended, Congress threatened to move the nation's capital elsewhere. So city leaders raced to repair and modernize the city. As paved streets, waster and gas lines, street lights, and sewers reached undeveloped areas, wealthy whites followed. Mansions soon sprang up around an elegant park where Vermont and Rhode Island Avenues met. The circle was named Iowa Circle, thanks to Iowa Senator William Boyd Allison. In 1901 a statue of Civil War General (and later Senator) John A. Logan, a founder of Memorial Day, replaced the park's central fountain. The circle took his name in 1930. The title of this Heritage Trail comes from General Logan's argument that Memorial Day would serve as "a fitting tribute to the memory of [the nation's] slain defenders." As the city grew beyond Logan Circle, affluent African Americans gradually replaced whites here. Most of them moved on during World War II, and their mansions were divided into rooming houses to meet a wartime housing shortage. By the 1960s, with suburban Maryland and Virginia drawing investment, much of the neighborhood had decayed. When civil disturbances erupted after the 1968 assassination of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., it hit bottom. Ten years later, however, long-time residents, newcomers, and new city programs spurred revival. A Fitting Tribute: Logan Circle Heritage Trail takes you through the neighborhood's lofty and low times to introduce the array of individuals who shaped its modern vitality.
7. TRLOG_160316_028.JPG: Needy Children depart for Center Camp in Virginia created by the Jewish Community Center, the Washington Community Chest, and the National Park Service, 1937
8. TRLOG_160316_037.JPG: A Fitting Tribute Logan Circle Heritage Trail 1 See You at the Center The City's Jewish Community Center opened here in 1926. Its grand presence one mile north of the White House expressed Jewish residents' prosperity and their growing contributions to the federal city and the nation. With American Jews routinely barred from social clubs, the JCC promoted Jewish identity and offered a gym, swimming pool, symphony orchestra, choral society, and basketball league. High school students thronged to dances held on the rooftop. Housing developer Morris Cafritz, a co-founder in 1912 of the local Young Men's Hebrew Association, led a fundraising campaign to build the JCC and served as its president for eight years. The center thrived until the 1950s, when many members moved to Washington's new suburbs. In 1969 it relocated to Rockville, Maryland and sold this building to the DC Government. When later generations of Jewish Washingtonians close city living, they launched a new independent DCJCC. Cafritz' son, Calvin, helped raise funds to buy back and renovate the building, which reopened in 1996 as the Washington DCJCC. One block north of this sign is the Church of the Holy City, the national church of the Swedenborgian denomination. Dedicated in 1896, the church was designed by Herbert Langford Warren, a Swedenborgian and founder of Harvard University's School of Architecture. Three blocks north is the House of the Temple, headquarters of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction, USA. Completed in 1915, it was DC's first major building by John Russell Pope, who later designed the National Archives and the Jefferson Memorial. The building's museums and library are open to the public.
9. TRLOG_160316_041.JPG: President Calvin Coolidge tells the crowd at the 1925 cornerstone-laying of the Jewish Community Center, "They are planting a home for community service."
10. TRLOG_160316_045.JPG: Washington Post Publisher Katharine Graham, front row center, philanthropist Calvin Cafritz, fourth from left, and major supporters celebrate the DCJCC re-opening.
11. TRLOG_160316_050.JPG: The grand ornamentation of the House of the Temple on 16th St. at Q includes the Sphinx, which tempted a sunbather in 1993.
12. TRLOG_160316_054.JPG: Swedenborgians gathered at Church of the Holy City for a national conference, around 1930.
13. TRLOG_160316_058.JPG: A Fitting Tribute Logan Circle Heritage Trail The Logan Circle Neighborhood began with city boosters' dreams of greatness. The troops, cattle pens, and hubbub of the Civil War (1861-1865) had nearly ruined Washington, and when the fighting ended, Congress threatened to move the nation's capital elsewhere. So city leaders raced to repair and modernize the city. As paved streets, waster and gas lines, street lights, and sewers reached undeveloped areas, wealthy whites followed. Mansions soon sprang up around an elegant park where Vermont and Rhode Island Avenues met. The circle was named Iowa Circle, thanks to Iowa Senator William Boyd Allison. In 1901 a statue of Civil War General (and later Senator) John A. Logan, a founder of Memorial Day, replaced the park's central fountain. The circle took his name in 1930. The title of this Heritage Trail comes from General Logan's argument that Memorial Day would serve as "a fitting tribute to the memory of [the nation's] slain defenders." As the city grew beyond Logan Circle, affluent African Americans gradually replaced whites here. Most of them moved on during World War II, and their mansions were divided into rooming houses to meet a wartime housing shortage. By the 1960s, with suburban Maryland and Virginia drawing investment, much of the neighborhood had decayed. When civil disturbances erupted after the 1968 assassination of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., it hit bottom. Ten years later, however, long-time residents, newcomers, and new city programs spurred revival. A Fitting Tribute: Logan Circle Heritage Trail takes you through the neighborhood's lofty and low times to introduce the array of individuals who shaped its modern vitality.
14. TRLOG_160316_062.JPG: Needy Children depart for Center Camp in Virginia created by the Jewish Community Center, the Washington Community Chest, and the National Park Service, 1937
15. TRLOG_160316_069.JPG: A Fitting Tribute Logan Circle Heritage Trail 2 Advancing the Race Across the street is the St. Luke's Episcopal Church, completed in 1880 by DC's first independent black Episcopalian congregation. Founding pastor Alexander Crummell was a prominent African American intellectual. After 20 years as a missionary in Liberia, Crummell was appointed in 1873 to head St. Mary's, a small mission church in Foggy Bottom. In 1875 his growing congregation purchased this site to construct St. Luke's and commissioned Calvin T.S. Brent to design it. Brent was the city's first African American professional architect. Crummell's belief that progress for African Americans required intellectual leadership heavily influenced the early thinking of W.E.B. Du Bois. In 1897 Crummell co-founded the American Negro Academy to advance black unity and achievement and develop intellectual arguments against racism. Poet Paul Laurence Dunbar and Howard University mathematician/sociologist Kelly Miller also helped found the ANA. Du Bois succeeded Crummell as president upon Crummell's death in 1898. The ANA organized nearby at John Wesley Cromwell's 1439 Swann Street home. Cromwell was a lawyer and newspaper publisher whose The People's Advocate promoted racial uplift and the Republican Party of Abraham Lincoln. Cromwell clerked at the Treasury Department, then went on to serve as a teacher and principal in DC's Colored Schools, writing and lecturing on black history. Cromwell's daughter, educator Otelia Cromwell, was the first known African American to graduate from Smith College. As an adult she lived nearby on 13th Street. The internationally acclaimed artist Alma Thomas, known for her abstract oil paintings, lived just north of here at 1530 15th Street. Thomas was the first graduate of Howard University's Art Department (1924) and earned an M.A. from Columbia University. She taught art at Shaw Junior High School for 35 years.
16. TRLOG_160316_075.JPG: Rev. Alexander Crummell, cleric and intellectual leader. Lawyer, publisher, historian, and teacher John Wesley Cromwell.
17. TRLOG_160316_080.JPG: Lawyer Archibald H. Grimke, American Negro Academy president, 1903-1916.
18. TRLOG_160316_083.JPG: Archibald Grimke's history of the slave rebellion led by Denmark Vesey, published by the American Negro Academy.
19. TRLOG_160316_084.JPG: Otelia Cromwell as a student at Smith College
20. TRLOG_160316_090.JPG: Calvin T.S. Brent, designer of St. Luke's Episcopal Church. Alma Thomas (1891-1978) in her studio, around 1968. John Cromwell's The People's Advocate.
21. TRLOG_160316_093.JPG: A Fitting Tribute Logan Circle Heritage Trail The Logan Circle Neighborhood began with city boosters' dreams of greatness. The troops, cattle pens, and hubbub of the Civil War (1861-1865) had nearly ruined Washington, and when the fighting ended, Congress threatened to move the nation's capital elsewhere. So city leaders raced to repair and modernize the city. As paved streets, waster and gas lines, street lights, and sewers reached undeveloped areas, wealthy whites followed. Mansions soon sprang up around an elegant park where Vermont and Rhode Island Avenues met. The circle was named Iowa Circle, thanks to Iowa Senator William Boyd Allison. In 1901 a statue of Civil War General (and later Senator) John A. Logan, a founder of Memorial Day, replaced the park's central fountain. The circle took his name in 1930. The title of this Heritage Trail comes from General Logan's argument that Memorial Day would serve as "a fitting tribute to the memory of [the nation's] slain defenders." As the city grew beyond Logan Circle, affluent African Americans gradually replaced whites here. Most of them moved on during World War II, and their mansions were divided into rooming houses to meet a wartime housing shortage. By the 1960s, with suburban Maryland and Virginia drawing investment, much of the neighborhood had decayed. When civil disturbances erupted after the 1968 assassination of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., it hit bottom. Ten years later, however, long-time residents, newcomers, and new city programs spurred revival. A Fitting Tribute: Logan Circle Heritage Trail takes you through the neighborhood's lofty and low times to introduce the array of individuals who shaped its modern vitality.
22. TRLOG_160316_096.JPG: Inside St. Luke's Episcopal Church, 1979
23. TRLOG_160318_01.JPG: A Fitting Tribute Logan Circle Heritage Trail 13 The Presidents' Church Through The 1960s President Lyndon B. Johnson and his family worshipped across the street to your left at National City Christian Church. The First Family sat near the front in the pew deemed safest by their Secret Service agents. The church hosted the state funeral for Johnson in 1973. and its stained-glass windows memorialize the former president with a Medicare symbol, a NASA rocket, and a pair of hands planting a tree to symbolize Lady Bird Johnson's beautification campaign. Another president, James A. Garfield, was a member of the congregation a century earlier, when the church was known as Vermont Avenue Christian Church and was located around the corner. Garfield often preached there. Formed in 1843 as DC's first Disciples of Christ congregation, National City Christian Church moved here in 1930. The building was designed by John Russell Pope, noted architect of the National Archives. Jefferson Memorial. and National Gallery of Art The church's magnificent organ is second only to the Washington National Cathedral's in size. On Thomas Circle, behind you, is the Washington Plaza Hotel. Opened as the International Inn in October 1962, the building was designed by Morris Lapidus. an architect best known for the extravagant resort hotels that came to define Miami Beach in the 1950s. Skyline Inn. another mid-century modern Lapidus design, opened in November 1962 in Southwest DC. Just below Thomas Circle off Massachusetts Avenue lies an alley known as Green Court, once home to the Krazy Kat, a Prohibition-era speakeasy that attracted edgy young artists of the 1920s.
24. TRLOG_160318_06.JPG: President Lyndon B. Johnson with his wife Lady Bird wait to greet pastor Dr. George R. Davis after Sunday service at National City Christian Church, 1964.
25. TRLOG_160318_08.JPG: Jazz Age hipsters a the Krazy Kat club in Green Court off Massachusetts Ave. just south of Thomas Circle. about 1920.
26. TRLOG_160318_11.JPG: Artist, club owner, and later Broadway stage designer Cleon Throckmorton is at the easel.
27. TRLOG_160318_17.JPG: To promote the 1975 International Boat Show in DC, Joan Morris demonstrated a Sailfish in the International Inn's pool.
28. TRLOG_160318_19.JPG: Workers complete the dome that covered the International Inn's swimming pool in 1962.
29. TRLOG_160318_22.JPG: Pall bearers carry the casket holding the body of former President Lyndon B. Johnson from National City Christian Church on January 25,1973. Lady Bird Johnson. Pat and Luci Nugent, Charles and Lynda Robb, and President Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon follow.
30. TRLOG_160318_31.JPG: New-fangled electric lights were demonstrated in Thomas Circle during the 1879 unveiling of the Statue of Civil War General George Henry Thomas.
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