DC Heritage Trails: Roads to Diversity: Adams Morgan Heritage Trail:
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- Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
- TRR2D_160826_01.JPG: Roads to Diversity
Adams Morgan Heritage Trail
The Adams Morgan story begins with its breezy hilltop location, prized by Native Americans, colonial settlers, freedom seekers, powerful Washingtonians, working people, and immigrants alike. Unlike most close-in neighborhoods, Adams Morgan has never been dominated by any of these groups. Today's rich diversity is the legacy of each group that has passed through.
Follow the 18 signs of the Roads to Diversity: Adams Morgan Heritage Trail to discover the personalities and forces that shaped a community once known as "18th and Columbia." Along the way, you'll learn how school desegregation led to the name Adams Morgan, and you'll meet presidents and paupers, natives and immigrants, artists, activists and authors.
Roads to Diversity: Adam Morgan Heritage Trail, a booklet capturing the trail's highlights, is available at local businesses. To learn about other DC neighborhoods, check out City Within a City: Greater U Street Heritage Trail, beginning at 16th and U streets, and visit: www.CulturalTourismDC.org
Roads to Diversity is dedicated to the memory of Carolyn Llorente (1937-2003)
- TRR2D_160826_05.JPG: Public school students sketch Henderson Castle, around 1899.
- TRR2D_160826_10.JPG: Roads to Diversity
Adams Morgan Heritage Trail
1 Mrs. Henderson's Legacy
As you look up the hill, you can see Peter C. L'Enfant's 1791 plan for Washington ended up here in front of you at Boundary Avenue, now Florida Avenue. Back then, when people walked or rode in horse-drawn vehicles, it was hard to climb this steep ridge. Once electric streetcars appeared in the 1880s, climbing hills was easier, so city dwellers began moving up this hill.
Beginning in 1887, Mary Foote Henderson, wife of Missouri Senator John B. Henderson, created a new community here for the wealthy and powerful. She purchased much of this area and built herself a castle-like mansion on this side of 16th Street. After she failed to persuade the U.S. Government to move the White House here, she did persuade it to set aside land for Meridian Hill Park (also known as Malcolm X Park). She hired noted architects to design a series of elaborate mansions. The French, Spanish, Mexican, Cuban and Polish embassies moved in, and a number of embassies remain today.
After Mrs. Henderson's death in 1931, her castle became apartments and later a noisy after-hours club. A sleepless neighbor, Washington Post publisher Eugene Meyer, bought the castle and eventually razed it, but left a memento: the brownstone walls of Beekman Place, ahead on the left.
Across the street is the Roosevelt, constructed in 1919 as a fine apartment-hotel. Its name honors President Theodore Roosevelt. Mrs. Henderson successfully fought to limit the building's height, so it wouldn't block views of the city from the park.
- TRR2D_160826_14.JPG: Henderson Castle, flanked by the Meyer house, left, and Meridian Mansions (now the Envoy), right, around 1920.
- TRR2D_160826_17.JPG: Mary Foote Henderson, left, Missouri Senator John Brooks Henderson, above, who introduced the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery.
Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes (1862-1946) of 2100 16th Street, one of Mrs. Henderson's influential neighbors.
- TRR2D_160826_22.JPG: Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes (1862-1946) of 2100 16th Street, one of Mrs. Henderson's influential neighbors.
- TRR2D_160826_24.JPG: The elegant public parlor of the Roosevelt, 1922.
- TRR2D_160826_26.JPG: Proposed Presidential Palace for Meridian Hill by Paul Pietz, 1900.
- TRR2D_160826_29.JPG: The beginnings of Beekman Place, which replaced Henderson Castle, 1976.
- TRR2D_161203_06.JPG: Roads to Diversity
Adams Morgan Heritage Trail
5 Ambassadors of Faith
Three dramatic religious structures dominate this corner. They are among some 40 religious institutions lining 16th Street between the White House and the Maryland state line.
Many serve as unofficial "embassies" representing the interests of their faiths before the U.S. Government. The neo-Baroque National Baptist Church, to your right, is a memorial to Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island and champion of religious liberty. Its congregation has long worked for social justice and community betterment. The Carlos Rosario Public Charter School (1970) and the Academy of Hope (1980), both schools for immigrant and low-income populations, have met here.
The Peace King Center of the Unification Church, to your left, home to the followers of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon since 1977, was originally the Washington Chapel, Church of Latter-Day Saints. Completed in 1933 with some 16,000 blocks of marble brought from Utah, it drew from the modern style of the Mormon Tabernacle in Salt Lake City. The church moved to Kensington, Maryland in the 1970s.
All Souls Church dates from 1877, and its current neo-Georgian building dates from 1924. Among its many famous congregants were President William Howard Taft and Senator Adlai Stevenson. In March 1965 its pastor, Rev. James Reeb, demonstrated the church's commitment to social justice by joining a voting rights march in Selma, Alabama. There he was murdered by White opponents. Reeb's death contributed to the national outcry against racism that helped pass President Lyndon Johnson's Voting Rights Act just a few days later.
- TRR2D_161203_09.JPG: Clipping of Washington Post article (March 11, 1965) re: the assault on Rev. James J. Reeb in Alabama.
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