BGuthrie Photos: DC -- NMAAHC -- Exhibit: (C2) Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: Era of Segregation 1876-1968

DC -- NMAAHC -- Exhibit: (C2) Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: Era of Segregation 1876-1968:

Bruce Guthrie Photos Home Page: [Click here] to go to Bruce Guthrie Photos home page.

Recognize anyone? If you recognize specific folks (or other stuff) and I haven't labeled them, please identify them for the world. Click the little pencil icon

underneath the file name (just above the picture). Spammers need not apply.

Slide Show: Want to see the pictures as a slide show? [Slideshow]

Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

Help? The Medium (Email) links are for screen viewing and emailing. You'll want bigger sizes for printing. [Click here for additional help]

Share: Facebook Twitter Digg
[1] AADEF_161011_006.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[2] AADEF_161011_008.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[3] AADEF_161011_011.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[4] AADEF_161011_016.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[5] AADEF_161011_020.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[6] AADEF_161011_030.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[7] AADEF_161011_033.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[8] AADEF_161011_035.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[9] AADEF_161011_038.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[10] AADEF_161011_042.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[11] AADEF_161011_044.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[12] AADEF_161011_047.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[13] AADEF_161011_051.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[14] AADEF_161011_053.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[15] AADEF_161011_057.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[16] AADEF_161011_060.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[17] AADEF_161011_061.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[18] AADEF_161011_065.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[19] AADEF_161011_067.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[20] AADEF_161011_070.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[21] AADEF_161011_072.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[22] AADEF_161011_073.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[23] AADEF_161011_078.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[24] AADEF_161011_080.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[25] AADEF_161011_084.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[26] AADEF_161011_086.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[27] AADEF_161011_090.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[28] AADEF_161011_094.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[29] AADEF_161011_097.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[30] AADEF_161011_100.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[31] AADEF_161011_101.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[32] AADEF_161011_104.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[33] AADEF_161011_107.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[34] AADEF_161011_111.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[35] AADEF_161011_114.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[36] AADEF_161011_116.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[37] AADEF_161011_120.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[38] AADEF_161011_123.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[39] AADEF_161011_125.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[40] AADEF_161011_128.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[41] AADEF_161011_131.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[42] AADEF_161011_133.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[43] AADEF_161011_137.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[44] AADEF_161011_141.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[45] AADEF_161011_144.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[46] AADEF_161011_146.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[47] AADEF_161011_148.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[48] AADEF_161011_153.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[49] AADEF_161011_156.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[50] AADEF_161011_159.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[51] AADEF_161011_161.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[52] AADEF_161011_166.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[53] AADEF_161011_168.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[54] AADEF_161011_172.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[55] AADEF_161011_176.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[56] AADEF_161011_181.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[57] AADEF_161011_184.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[58] AADEF_161011_186.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[59] AADEF_161011_189.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[60] AADEF_161011_190.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[61] AADEF_161011_193.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[62] AADEF_161011_196.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[63] AADEF_161011_198.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[64] AADEF_161011_199.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[65] AADEF_161011_203.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[66] AADEF_161011_206.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[67] AADEF_161011_208.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[68] AADEF_161011_212.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[69] AADEF_161011_216.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[70] AADEF_161011_219.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[71] AADEF_161011_223.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[72] AADEF_161011_225.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[73] AADEF_161011_228.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[74] AADEF_161011_230.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[75] AADEF_161011_232.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[76] AADEF_161011_237.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[77] AADEF_161011_239.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[78] AADEF_161011_241.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[79] AADEF_161011_242.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[80] AADEF_161011_246.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[81] AADEF_161011_247.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[82] AADEF_161011_252.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[83] AADEF_161011_255.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[84] AADEF_161011_258.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[85] AADEF_161011_262.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[86] AADEF_161011_264.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[87] AADEF_161011_267.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[88] AADEF_161011_272.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[89] AADEF_161011_277.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[90] AADEF_161011_283.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[91] AADEF_161011_290.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[92] AADEF_161011_291.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[93] AADEF_161011_293.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[94] AADEF_161011_297.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[95] AADEF_161011_299.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[96] AADEF_161011_300.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[97] AADEF_161011_302.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[98] AADEF_161011_305.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[99] AADEF_161011_307.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[100] AADEF_161011_312.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[101] AADEF_161011_313.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[102] AADEF_161011_315.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[103] AADEF_161011_319.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[104] AADEF_161011_321.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[105] AADEF_161011_323.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[106] AADEF_161011_325.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[107] AADEF_161011_327.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[108] AADEF_161011_331.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[109] AADEF_161011_333.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[110] AADEF_161011_337.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[111] AADEF_161011_343.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[112] AADEF_161011_348.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[113] AADEF_161011_350.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[114] AADEF_161011_357.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[115] AADEF_161011_360.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[116] AADEF_161011_369.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[117] AADEF_161011_372.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[118] AADEF_161011_375.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[119] AADEF_161011_379.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[120] AADEF_161011_381.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[121] AADEF_161011_384.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[122] AADEF_161011_387.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[123] AADEF_161011_388.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[124] AADEF_161011_391.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[125] AADEF_161011_394.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[126] AADEF_161011_403.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[127] AADEF_161011_407.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[128] AADEF_161012_001.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[129] AADEF_161012_004.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[130] AADEF_161012_007.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[131] AADEF_161012_009.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[132] AADEF_161012_011.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[133] AADEF_161012_013.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[134] AADEF_161012_015.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[135] AADEF_161012_017.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[136] AADEF_161012_019.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[137] AADEF_161012_020.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[138] AADEF_161012_023.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[139] AADEF_161012_025.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[140] AADEF_161012_029.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[141] AADEF_161012_035.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[142] AADEF_161012_040.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[143] AADEF_161012_042.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[144] AADEF_161012_044.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[145] AADEF_161012_046.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[146] AADEF_161012_048.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[147] AADEF_161012_051.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[148] AADEF_161012_053.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[149] AADEF_161012_056.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[150] AADEF_161012_058.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[151] AADEF_161012_060.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[152] AADEF_161012_062.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[153] AADEF_161012_064.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[154] AADEF_161012_067.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[155] AADEF_161012_069.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[156] AADEF_161012_074.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[157] AADEF_161012_083.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[158] AADEF_161012_084.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[159] AADEF_161012_087.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[160] AADEF_161012_092.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[161] AADEF_161012_095.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[162] AADEF_161012_098.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[163] AADEF_161012_099.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[164] AADEF_161012_104.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[165] AADEF_161012_106.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[166] AADEF_161012_110.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[167] AADEF_161012_111.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[168] AADEF_161012_113.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[169] AADEF_161012_116.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[170] AADEF_161012_118.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[171] AADEF_161012_120.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[172] AADEF_161012_122.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[173] AADEF_161012_125.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[174] AADEF_161012_127.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[175] AADEF_161012_130.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[176] AADEF_161012_132.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[177] AADEF_161012_135.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[178] AADEF_161012_136.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[179] AADEF_161012_140.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[180] AADEF_161012_142.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[181] AADEF_161012_144.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[182] AADEF_161012_147.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[183] AADEF_161012_156.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[184] AADEF_161012_161.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[185] AADEF_161012_165.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[186] AADEF_161012_167.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[187] AADEF_161012_170.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[188] AADEF_161012_175.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[189] AADEF_161012_177.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[190] AADEF_161012_179.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[191] AADEF_161012_182.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[192] AADEF_161012_189.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[193] AADEF_161012_191.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[194] AADEF_161012_194.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[195] AADEF_161012_200.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[196] AADEF_161012_203.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[197] AADEF_161012_206.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[198] AADEF_161012_209.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[199] AADEF_161012_213.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[200] AADEF_161012_216.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[201] AADEF_161012_220.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[202] AADEF_161012_221.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[203] AADEF_161012_225.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[204] AADEF_161012_227.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[205] AADEF_161012_230.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[206] AADEF_161012_233.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[207] AADEF_161012_236.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[208] AADEF_161012_239.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[209] AADEF_161012_244.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[210] AADEF_161012_246.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[211] AADEF_161012_254.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[212] AADEF_161012_259.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[213] AADEF_161012_261.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[214] AADEF_161012_267.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[215] AADEF_161012_271.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[216] AADEF_161012_275.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[217] AADEF_161012_278.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[218] AADEF_161012_280.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[219] AADEF_161012_282.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[220] AADEF_161012_284.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[221] AADEF_161012_287.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[222] AADEF_161012_298.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[223] AADEF_161012_301.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[224] AADEF_161012_309.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[225] AADEF_161012_310.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[226] AADEF_161012_313.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[227] AADEF_161012_315.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[228] AADEF_161012_316.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[229] AADEF_161012_318.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[230] AADEF_161012_320.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[231] AADEF_161012_325.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[232] AADEF_161012_330.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[233] AADEF_161012_333.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[234] AADEF_161012_336.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[235] AADEF_161012_341.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[236] AADEF_161012_346.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[237] AADEF_161012_347.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[238] AADEF_161012_351.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[239] AADEF_161012_353.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[240] AADEF_161012_356.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[241] AADEF_161012_358.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)

[242] AADEF_161015_01_STITCH.JPG

Medium (Email) (Bigger?)

[243] AADEF_161015_03.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[244] AADEF_161015_19.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[245] AADEF_161019_002.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[246] AADEF_161019_005.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[247] AADEF_161019_008.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[248] AADEF_161019_009.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[249] AADEF_161019_012.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[250] AADEF_161019_017.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[251] AADEF_161019_022.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[252] AADEF_161019_027.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[253] AADEF_161019_031.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[254] AADEF_161019_034.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[255] AADEF_161019_036.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[256] AADEF_161019_042.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[257] AADEF_161019_045.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[258] AADEF_161019_048.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[259] AADEF_161019_049.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[260] AADEF_161019_053.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[261] AADEF_161019_054.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[262] AADEF_161019_061.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[263] AADEF_161019_063.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[264] AADEF_161019_068.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[265] AADEF_161019_072.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[266] AADEF_161019_075.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[267] AADEF_161019_077.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[268] AADEF_161019_080.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[269] AADEF_161019_081.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[270] AADEF_161019_083.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[271] AADEF_161019_085.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[272] AADEF_161019_087.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[273] AADEF_161019_089.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[274] AADEF_161019_092.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[275] AADEF_161019_096.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[276] AADEF_161019_100.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[277] AADEF_161019_101.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[278] AADEF_161019_104.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[279] AADEF_161019_110.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[280] AADEF_161019_115.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[281] AADEF_161019_118.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[282] AADEF_161019_122.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[283] AADEF_161019_124.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[284] AADEF_161019_127.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[285] AADEF_161019_131.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[286] AADEF_161019_133.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[287] AADEF_161019_135.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[288] AADEF_161019_137.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[289] AADEF_161019_139.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[290] AADEF_161019_142.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[291] AADEF_161019_143.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[292] AADEF_161019_145.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[293] AADEF_161019_148.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[294] AADEF_161019_150.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[295] AADEF_161019_152.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[296] AADEF_161019_154.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[297] AADEF_161019_160.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[298] AADEF_161019_161.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[299] AADEF_161019_164.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[300] AADEF_161019_167.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[301] AADEF_161019_170.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[302] AADEF_161019_172.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[303] AADEF_161019_175.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[304] AADEF_161019_176.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[305] AADEF_161019_178.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[306] AADEF_161019_180.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[307] AADEF_161019_181.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[308] AADEF_161019_186.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[309] AADEF_161019_187.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[310] AADEF_161019_190.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[311] AADEF_161019_196.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[312] AADEF_161019_198.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[313] AADEF_161019_201.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[314] AADEF_161019_203.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[315] AADEF_161019_210.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[316] AADEF_161019_215.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[317] AADEF_161019_218.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[318] AADEF_161019_219.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[319] AADEF_161019_221.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[320] AADEF_161019_224.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[321] AADEF_161019_228.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[322] AADEF_161019_231.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[323] AADEF_161019_234.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[324] AADEF_161019_237.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[325] AADEF_161019_239.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[326] AADEF_161019_241.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[327] AADEF_161019_243.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[328] AADEF_161019_245.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[329] AADEF_161019_246.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[330] AADEF_161019_248.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[331] AADEF_161019_249.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[332] AADEF_161019_252.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[333] AADEF_161019_255.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[334] AADEF_161019_260.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[335] AADEF_161019_262.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[336] AADEF_161019_264.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[337] AADEF_161019_267.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[338] AADEF_161019_270.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[339] AADEF_161019_274.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[340] AADEF_161019_276.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[341] AADEF_161019_280.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[342] AADEF_161019_282.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[343] AADEF_161019_284.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[344] AADEF_161019_287.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[345] AADEF_161019_290.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[346] AADEF_161019_293.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[347] AADEF_161019_294.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[348] AADEF_161019_297.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[349] AADEF_161019_300.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[350] AADEF_161019_303.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[351] AADEF_161019_305.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[352] AADEF_161019_315.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[353] AADEF_161019_321.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)
[354] AADEF_161019_324.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[355] AADEF_161019_328.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)	[356] AADEF_161019_332.JPG Medium (Email) (Bigger?)

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. AADEF_161011_006.JPG: Black Politics
2. AADEF_161011_008.JPG: Sanctuary
3. AADEF_161011_011.JPG: Cabin
4. AADEF_161011_016.JPG: To Be Free
5. AADEF_161011_035.JPG: Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom The Era of Segregation 1877-1968
6. AADEF_161011_042.JPG: 1865-1876 Reconstruction
7. AADEF_161011_044.JPG: Nicodemus Nicodemus, established in 1877, was one of several African American settlements in Kansas. The 350 settlers came from Kentucky to escape the problems of the oppression of the "Jim Crow" South. Residents established a newspaper, a bank, hotels, schools, churches, and other businesses. They enjoyed much success despite the hardships and challenges of late 19th century High Plains settlement -- wind, drought,swarming insects, and more. The town grew rapidly through the 1880s and many prospered. But when Nicodemus failed to secure the railroad, growth slowed and the population began to dwindle after World War I. Edward P. McCabe, who joined the colony in 1878, served two terms as state auditor, 1883-1887, the first African American elected to a statewide office in Kansas. A symbol of the African American experience in the West, Nicodemus operates today as a unit of the National Park Service.
8. AADEF_161011_047.JPG: Jones Hall Sims House, Jonesville, Maryland
9. AADEF_161011_051.JPG: Jones Hall Sims House
10. AADEF_161011_053.JPG: Smithfield This residential area was carved from the Joseph Riley Smith plantation, a 600 acre antebellum farm, one of the largest in 19th century Jefferson County. Smithfield lies to the west of Birmingham's city center on the flat land & hills north of Village Creek & has the city's earliest & most substantial concentration of black, middle-class residences, small commercial enclaves & churches. The neighborhood illustrates the lifestyles of a wide spectrum of black Birmingham citizens in the early 20th century, & provides an exceptional view of the emergence of a black white-collar class in the city. Residential structures include a variety of industrial housing types, as well as examples of the fashionable styles built for community leaders
11. AADEF_161011_057.JPG: African American Life in Montgomery County
12. AADEF_161011_061.JPG: Jones Hall Sims House
13. AADEF_161011_065.JPG: 1877-1900 Creating a Segregated Society
14. AADEF_161011_067.JPG: Origins of Freedman's Town
15. AADEF_161011_070.JPG: Mound Bayou
16. AADEF_161011_072.JPG: Black Codes
17. AADEF_161011_086.JPG: Southern Railway Company Coach No. 1200, 1923 Redesigned as a segregated car, 1940 For most of the 20th century, long-distance travel meant taking a train. For African Americans, such travel often meant hours or days of segregated accommodations throughout the South and much of the Midwest. This railroad coach, extensively rebuilt inside and out in 1940, was meant for long trips. It has separate sections of reclining seats and rest rooms for whites and blacks. The added lounges were reserved for white passengers. There are no overnight berths.
18. AADEF_161011_100.JPG: The Convict Labor System
19. AADEF_161011_107.JPG: Pullman Porters
20. AADEF_161011_120.JPG: Stool from Woolworth's
21. AADEF_161011_125.JPG: A Guard Tower
22. AADEF_161011_128.JPG: Loving v. Virginia: Interracial Marriage Mildred Jeter, an African American woman, and Richard Loving, a white man, were married in the District of Columbia, but preferred to live in Virginia. There, interracial marriage was illegal, and they were arrested, convicted and told to leave the state. With the help of the American Civil Liberties Union, they appealed their case to the Supreme Court, arguing that the Virginia law deprived them of their constitutional rights. The Court unanimously agreed, ruling that all state bans on interracial marriage were unconstitutional.
23. AADEF_161011_131.JPG: The Lovings Mildred Jeter and Richard Loving grew up as next door neighbors in Caroline County, Virginia. They fell in love and married in the District of Columbia in 1958. After returning to Virginia, local authorities arrested them, and the trial judge banned them from the state. They relocated to the District of Columbia, but were arrested again on a visit to Virginia. Mildred wrote to Attorney General Robert Kennedy for assistance. He sent them to the American Civil Liberties Union, and their historic lawsuit began.
24. AADEF_161011_133.JPG: The Evolution of Martin Luther King, Jr.
25. AADEF_161011_137.JPG: Congressional Gold Medal: In 2014 Coretta Scott King and Martin Luther King Jr. were awarded the highest civilian honor bestowed by the United States Congress.
26. AADEF_161011_141.JPG: Recovering from a Long March: When Martin Luther King finished the five-day march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, he stayed at the home of a friend and used this tub to soak his feet.
27. AADEF_161011_144.JPG: 1966-1967
28. AADEF_161011_146.JPG: Rosa Parks
29. AADEF_161011_148.JPG: Rosa Parks Dress; On the day she was arrested, Rosa Parks's project at home was making this dress.
30. AADEF_161011_153.JPG: Segregation and Child's Play: Tests performed by psychologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark using these and other dolls helped convince the justices that segregation had negative psychological effects on black children.
31. AADEF_161011_156.JPG: John Lewis: The Unending Struggle
32. AADEF_161011_159.JPG: The Bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham
33. AADEF_161011_161.JPG: Glass Shards: After the bombing, Joan Trumpauer, a white civil rights activist, and Rev. Norman Jimerson, a white Baptist activist in Birmingham, gathered these shards of glass outside the church.
34. AADEF_161011_166.JPG: 1965 Voting Rights Act
35. AADEF_161011_168.JPG: One of the ceremonial pens used by President Johnson to sign the 1965 Voting Rights Act.
36. AADEF_161011_172.JPG: From California to Alabama: The Long Struggle to Vote Across the country, registering voters has been a focus of civil rights organizations for decades. Pioneering activist Frances Albrier worked with the Council of Negro Women in Berkeley, California, to register voters. In Selma, Alabama, Martin Luther King Jr. launched a voter registration drive in 1965, but local officials resisted. Courts then ordered the registration test opened to blacks, but no one passed. When a black man, Jimmie Lee Jackson, was murdered by police, King called for a march from Selma to Montgomery.
37. AADEF_161011_176.JPG: Train ticket stub, Washington DC to Selma, Alabama, purchased by Joan Trumpauer for the march.
38. AADEF_161011_181.JPG: The Murder of Viola Gregg Liuzzo Viola Liuzzo was a civil rights activist and NAACP member from Detroit, Michigan. Horrified by the police attacks on the Selma marchers, Liuzzo traveled to Alabama to join the second march. After the march, driving a black protester to his car, she was forced off the road and shot in the head by Klansmen. In court, three men were eventually found guilty on federal charges of violating her civil rights. Viola Liuzzo was the only white woman killed during the Civil Rights Movement.
39. AADEF_161011_184.JPG: Deacons for Defense and Justice
40. AADEF_161011_186.JPG: 1965
41. AADEF_161011_189.JPG: The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense
42. AADEF_161011_193.JPG: Stokely Carmichael
43. AADEF_161011_196.JPG: Robert Williams
44. AADEF_161011_198.JPG: March from Selma to Montgomery
45. AADEF_161011_199.JPG: Shotgun used by the Deacons for self-defense
46. AADEF_161011_203.JPG: Black Power
47. AADEF_161011_206.JPG: Tape recorder used during Malcolm X's radio program
48. AADEF_161011_208.JPG: Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam The Organization of Afro-American Unity
49. AADEF_161011_216.JPG: 1964 Civil Rights Act
50. AADEF_161011_219.JPG: One of the ceremonial pens used by President Johnson to sign the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
51. AADEF_161011_223.JPG: A Triple Murder
52. AADEF_161011_225.JPG: FBI photograph of the bodies of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner
53. AADEF_161011_228.JPG: FBI photograph of the burned-out station wagon of the three slain civil rights workers.
54. AADEF_161011_230.JPG: Dolls of Freedom: Freedom Schools made and sold dolls like these to help pay the bills.
55. AADEF_161011_232.JPG: Looking for Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner: This card was part of the search for the three murdered civil rights workers. It was seven weeks before the National Guard located their bodies buried in a dam.
56. AADEF_161011_237.JPG: Freedom Summer
57. AADEF_161011_239.JPG: 1964
58. AADEF_161011_241.JPG: Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth
59. AADEF_161011_242.JPG: "Bombingham" Alabama
60. AADEF_161011_246.JPG: "Upon This Rock" -- The Role of Black Churches
61. AADEF_161011_247.JPG: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
62. AADEF_161011_252.JPG: March on Washington Button: It was estimated that more than 42,000 of these buttons were distributed to participants in the march.
63. AADEF_161011_255.JPG: The Murder of Medgar Evers
64. AADEF_161011_258.JPG: The Birmingham Campaign
65. AADEF_161011_262.JPG: 1963
66. AADEF_161011_264.JPG: Bayard Rustin Bayard Rustin was a gay man and a master civil rights strategist. Beginning in the 1930s, he was involved with the peace movement and civil rights activism. As a Quaker, he believed in nonviolent resistance, disapproved of war, and promoted universal human rights. Rustin helped Martin Luther King Jr. in Montgomery and was a key organizer of the March on Washington in 1963. His homosexuality troubled some civil rights leaders, but King found him a valuable advisor. Rustin continued his activism until his death in 1987.
67. AADEF_161011_267.JPG: Martin Luther King Jr. and Bayard Rustin: Rustin's organizational and strategic skills made him an important advisor to King.
68. AADEF_161011_272.JPG: Engraved pocket watch given to Rustin as a personal gift from Martin Luther King, Jr. From Martin to Bayard for Aug. 28th, 1962
69. AADEF_161011_277.JPG: John Lewis
70. AADEF_161011_283.JPG: Joan Trumpauer's Denim Vest: "Segregation was unfair," Trumpauer said. "It was wrong, morally, religiously. As a Southerner -- a white Southerner -- I felt that we should do what we could to make the South better and to rid ourselves of this evil."
71. AADEF_161011_290.JPG: Congress of Racial Equality Freedom Ride Button
72. AADEF_161011_291.JPG: Joan Trumpauer
73. AADEF_161011_293.JPG: Mug shot of Joan Trumpauer, Freedom Rider, under arrest in Mississippi
74. AADEF_161011_297.JPG: The Freedom Rides
75. AADEF_161011_300.JPG: Greensboro, North Carolina Sit-in, February 1960
76. AADEF_161011_305.JPG: Enduring Stereotypes
77. AADEF_161011_307.JPG: 1945-1968 Freedom Now! The Modern Civil Rights Movement
78. AADEF_161011_313.JPG: The Purpose of Stereotypes
79. AADEF_161011_319.JPG: Minstrelsy
80. AADEF_161011_325.JPG: Making a Way in a Hostile World
81. AADEF_161011_327.JPG: Ida B. Wells' Anti-Lynching Campaign
82. AADEF_161011_333.JPG: Ida Wells's Tea Set
83. AADEF_161011_343.JPG: Jim Crow Laws
84. AADEF_161011_348.JPG: 1896 Plessy V. Ferguson "Separate but Equal"
85. AADEF_161011_350.JPG: The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan
86. AADEF_161011_357.JPG: A Negro a Beast or in the Image of God
87. AADEF_161011_360.JPG: Satin KKK Hood
88. AADEF_161011_369.JPG: Le Journal Ilustre
89. AADEF_161011_372.JPG: Lynching
90. AADEF_161011_375.JPG: The Lynching of Elias Clayton, Elmer Jackson, and Isaac McGhie
91. AADEF_161011_379.JPG: Man lunched at railroad crossing, Orangeburg, South Carolina, 1885
92. AADEF_161011_381.JPG: The Lynching of Four Men: The unidentified men in this photograph are likely four sharecroppers murdered in Logan County, Kentucky, in 1908. One was accused of murder and the others hanged for not preventing the act.
93. AADEF_161011_388.JPG: The Tuskegee Airmen's Stearman Kaydet
94. AADEF_161011_391.JPG: Training the Tuskegee Airmen
95. AADEF_161011_394.JPG: A Signature Baggage Door: Tuskegee Airmen signed this baggage door for Boeing PT-13D Stearman airplane as it flew across country to join the collections of the National Museum of African American History and Culture.
96. AADEF_161011_407.JPG: Women and the Movement
97. AADEF_161012_001.JPG: Robert Smalls, US Congressman
98. AADEF_161012_004.JPG: Clara Brown, Searching for Family
99. AADEF_161012_009.JPG: Edmonia Highgate, Teaching the Freedmen
100. AADEF_161012_011.JPG: 1877-1900 Creating a Segregated Society
101. AADEF_161012_013.JPG: The National Afro-American Council
102. AADEF_161012_015.JPG: The Murder of Frazier Baker, 1898
103. AADEF_161012_017.JPG: Convict Leasing
104. AADEF_161012_019.JPG: Riots and Massacres
105. AADEF_161012_020.JPG: A Climate of Fear
106. AADEF_161012_048.JPG: Debating the Path Forward
107. AADEF_161012_051.JPG: Creating African American Culture
108. AADEF_161012_053.JPG: Historically Black Colleges and Universities
109. AADEF_161012_056.JPG: Three cornerstones from Veterinary Medicine Hall at Prairie View A&M University
110. AADEF_161012_064.JPG: Quinn Chapel AME Church
111. AADEF_161012_067.JPG: Harriet Tubman
112. AADEF_161012_069.JPG: Wooden-handled knife and fork belonging to Harriet Tubman
113. AADEF_161012_074.JPG: 1900-1917 Building National Institutions
114. AADEF_161012_083.JPG: African American Entrepreneurs
115. AADEF_161012_084.JPG: The National Negro Business League
116. AADEF_161012_087.JPG: National Negro Business League Pin
117. AADEF_161012_092.JPG: Madam C.J. Walker
118. AADEF_161012_095.JPG: Madam Walker annual convention badge
119. AADEF_161012_104.JPG: The Black Press
120. AADEF_161012_106.JPG: The Chicago Defender
121. AADEF_161012_110.JPG: Race Riots 1906 Atlanta 1908 Springfield 1917 East St. Louis
122. AADEF_161012_111.JPG: 1906 Atlanta
123. AADEF_161012_113.JPG: 1908 Springfield
124. AADEF_161012_116.JPG: 1917 East St. Louis
125. AADEF_161012_118.JPG: The Battle Over Lynching
126. AADEF_161012_122.JPG: The Rise of Lynching
127. AADEF_161012_125.JPG: The Campaign Against Lynching
128. AADEF_161012_127.JPG: Murder By Mob
129. AADEF_161012_130.JPG: The Hardening of Racial Separation
130. AADEF_161012_132.JPG: Segregation in Transportation
131. AADEF_161012_135.JPG: Restrictive Covenants
132. AADEF_161012_136.JPG: The Cycle of Sharecroppping
133. AADEF_161012_142.JPG: The Great Migration
134. AADEF_161012_144.JPG: From Field to Factory: The South
135. AADEF_161012_161.JPG: The Chicago Defender and Pullman Porters
136. AADEF_161012_165.JPG: From Field to Factory: The North
137. AADEF_161012_170.JPG: 1917-1945: The New Negro Steps Forward
138. AADEF_161012_175.JPG: African Americans in World War I
139. AADEF_161012_177.JPG: Close Ranks
140. AADEF_161012_179.JPG: "Close Ranks" Editorial, The Crisis Magazine, July 1918
141. AADEF_161012_182.JPG: Croix de Guerre
142. AADEF_161012_189.JPG: U.S. Infantry Helmet
143. AADEF_161012_191.JPG: The Migration of the Negro, Panel no. 1 by Jacob Lawrence Jacob Lawrence created a series of 60 panels depicting the migration north of African Americans. His parents were part of this movement, and he based his work on extensive research as well as what he learned from them.
144. AADEF_161012_194.JPG: Red Kleagle Ku Klux Klan Robe: Within the KKK, the kleagle is often a recruiter for new members and a spokesperson for a local unit of the Klan, known as a klavern.
145. AADEF_161012_200.JPG: Demoracy Abroad, Injustice at Home
146. AADEF_161012_203.JPG: The Red Summer of 1919
147. AADEF_161012_206.JPG: The Second Rise of the KKK
148. AADEF_161012_209.JPG: Bullet Holes in Omaha: A crowd of more than 250 people stormed the Omaha, Nebraska, courthouse and kidnapped and murdered Will Brown, who was accused of molesting a white woman.
149. AADEF_161012_213.JPG: The New Negro, Movement
150. AADEF_161012_216.JPG: Alain Locke
151. AADEF_161012_220.JPG: The Cotton Club
152. AADEF_161012_221.JPG: Voices of Protest and Resistance
153. AADEF_161012_225.JPG: Marcus Garvey's Hat: It is believed that Garvey wore this hat while he traveled in the South in the 1920s.
154. AADEF_161012_230.JPG: The Rise of Marcus Garvey
155. AADEF_161012_233.JPG: The Commission on Interracial Cooperation
156. AADEF_161012_236.JPG: The National Council of Negro Women
157. AADEF_161012_239.JPG: Dorothy Height's Watch and Jewelry
158. AADEF_161012_244.JPG: Religious Responses to Racial and Social Challenges
159. AADEF_161012_246.JPG: Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam
160. AADEF_161012_254.JPG: Miniature Quran of Elijah Muhammad
161. AADEF_161012_259.JPG: Spruce Street Baptist Church
162. AADEF_161012_261.JPG: Father Divine and the Peace Mission Movement
163. AADEF_161012_267.JPG: Banner for Father Divine
164. AADEF_161012_271.JPG: The Great Depression
165. AADEF_161012_275.JPG: The Detroit Race Riot
166. AADEF_161012_278.JPG: The Tulsa Race Riot
167. AADEF_161012_280.JPG: "Maryland, My Maryland" Edmund Duffy drew this cartoon for the Baltimore Sun after the lynching of Matthew Williams in Salisbury, Maryland, in 1931. Duffy was one of the few white cartoonists to speak out against racial injustice.
168. AADEF_161012_282.JPG: The Economics of Lynching
169. AADEF_161012_284.JPG: The Rosewood Massacre
170. AADEF_161012_287.JPG: Sophia Monroe's Dress: Sophia Monroe was raised in Rosewood and died there in 1917. Her children, who survived the 1923 Rosewood massacre, preserved her dress as a remembrance.
171. AADEF_161012_298.JPG: The Lynching of Matthew Williams: Paul Henderson, a photographer for the Baltimore Afro-American newspaper, kept this piece of rope used to hang Matthew Williams after reporting on the tragedy in Maryland in 1931.
172. AADEF_161012_301.JPG: Travel Guide: Travel guides like this, often called "green books," highlighted places where black travelers could visit or stay safely. Baltimore's Afro-American newspaper published this guide.
173. AADEF_161012_309.JPG: Travel and Accommodations
174. AADEF_161012_310.JPG: Black Resorts
175. AADEF_161012_316.JPG: Home Life in Segregated America
176. AADEF_161012_318.JPG: Navigating a Segregated Reality
177. AADEF_161012_320.JPG: The Home Front
178. AADEF_161012_325.JPG: Hand-painted Sign, "Colored Section": Train travel in the South was segregated, and signs like this were common. Black travelers had to move to the segregated car when trains passed from a northern state to a southern state.
179. AADEF_161012_330.JPG: The Double V Campaign
180. AADEF_161012_333.JPG: The Scottsboro Boys
181. AADEF_161012_336.JPG: "Save the Scottsboro Boys" Pin: This was a pin created by the International Labor Defense in support of the Scottsboro Boys.
182. AADEF_161012_341.JPG: Booklet on the Scottsboro Boys, "That Shall Not Die!": This booklet was published by the Worker's Library of the Communist Party, which helped pay for young men's legal defense.
183. AADEF_161012_346.JPG: The Depression and Discrimination
184. AADEF_161012_347.JPG: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
185. AADEF_161012_351.JPG: The Assault on Recy Taylor
186. AADEF_161012_356.JPG: Women and the Movement
187. AADEF_161019_002.JPG: The Tuskegee Airmen's Stearman Kaydet
188. AADEF_161019_008.JPG: Training the Tuskegee Airmen
189. AADEF_161019_031.JPG: March to Montgomery
190. AADEF_161019_036.JPG: "Whites Only" Door, San Antonio, Texas: This door was used in a restaurant to keep African Americans and Mexicans from using this entrance to the business.
191. AADEF_161019_042.JPG: 1945-1968 Freedom Now! The Modern Civil Rights Movement
192. AADEF_161019_053.JPG: "Greatness is not measured by what a man or woman accomplishes, but the opposition he or she has overcome to reach his goals." -- Dorothy Height
193. AADEF_161019_068.JPG: Greensboro, North Carolina Sit-in, February 1960
194. AADEF_161019_077.JPG: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
195. AADEF_161019_080.JPG: Peoples Drug Store Sit-ins
196. AADEF_161019_081.JPG: At the Greensboro Woolworth's
197. AADEF_161019_083.JPG: The first day of sit-ins at People's Drug Store, Arlington, Virginia, 1960.
198. AADEF_161019_087.JPG: Nashville Sit-ins
199. AADEF_161019_089.JPG: Sit-ins at the Drugstore
200. AADEF_161019_100.JPG: Sit-Ins
201. AADEF_161019_101.JPG: Carlotta LaNeir and Central High School
202. AADEF_161019_104.JPG: Carlotta LaNier's Skirt and Blouse: LaNier wore this outfit on the first day of school when she was turned away by the National Guard. Recognizing the importance of the day, her parents had saved to buy a dress worthy of the occasion.
203. AADEF_161019_110.JPG: Flyer Opposing the Desegregation of Little Rock Central High School: This mimeograph flyer features a crude drawing of the high school and fears about the impact of integration.
204. AADEF_161019_115.JPG: The Mother's League Flyer: During the struggle over school desegregation, groups like "The Mother's League" urged voters to support segregationists running for office.
205. AADEF_161019_118.JPG: Anti-Integration Card: Groups opposed to the desegregation of the schools sent out cards like this to encourage support for segregation.
206. AADEF_161019_122.JPG: Carlotta LaNier's 10th-Grade Report Card: Despite harassment from other students, LaNier worked hard to keep up her grades.
207. AADEF_161019_124.JPG: The Little Rock Nine
208. AADEF_161019_127.JPG: Calling Out the National Guard: Gov. Orville Faubus ordered National Guardsmen to prevent black students from entering Little Rock Central High School.
209. AADEF_161019_131.JPG: Bayonets in Little Rock: Troops remained at the high school for most of the school year.
210. AADEF_161019_135.JPG: Ruby Bridges
211. AADEF_161019_137.JPG: The Stars and Bars: Fighting school integration, protesters wave Confederate flags at a meeting of the White Citizens Council of Greater New Orleans.
212. AADEF_161019_139.JPG: Ruby Nell Bridges: US deputy marshals escorted Ruby Bridges to and from school each day. They said she never cried and was a little soldier the whole time.
213. AADEF_161019_142.JPG: Ruby Bridges at Home: Shown here at age six, Ruby Bridges was born the same year as the Brown vs Board of Education Supreme Court decision and was one of the first to test it in New Orleans.
214. AADEF_161019_143.JPG: Dorothy Geraldine Counts
215. AADEF_161019_145.JPG: "With All Deliberate Speed"
216. AADEF_161019_148.JPG: Daisy Bates with Little Rock Central High School Students: The members of the group are (standing, left to right): Minnie Brown, Terrance Roberts, and Melba Pattilo (seated) Carlotta Walls, Elizabeth Eckfort, Daisy Bates, Gloria Ray, and Thelma Mothershed.
217. AADEF_161019_150.JPG: Dorothy Geraldine Counts: A hostile crowd followed Dorothy Counts, spat on her, and taunted her on her way to Harding High School.
218. AADEF_161019_152.JPG: Perils of the Press: Angry whites attack an African American reporter near Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Opponents of integration targeted several reporters, black and white.
219. AADEF_161019_161.JPG: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference
220. AADEF_161019_164.JPG: Creating the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
221. AADEF_161019_167.JPG: SCLC Citizenship Workbook
222. AADEF_161019_170.JPG: Boycotting Buses and Streetcars
223. AADEF_161019_175.JPG: Bus Boycott in Baton Rouge
224. AADEF_161019_178.JPG: The Montgomery Bus Boycott
225. AADEF_161019_180.JPG: The Tallahassee Bus Boycott
226. AADEF_161019_181.JPG: Bombing at the Home of Rev. Ralph Abernathy: Abernathy and other boycott leaders suffered harassment and death threats for their participation in the movement.
227. AADEF_161019_186.JPG: Peaceful Defiance in Tallahassee: Florida A&M students played an important role in the early stages of the boycott in Tallahassee. Here, Morris Thomas refuses the request of a bus driver to move to the back of the bus.
228. AADEF_161019_190.JPG: Rosa Parks
229. AADEF_161019_196.JPG: Rosa Parks Dress; On the day she was arrested, Rosa Parks's project at home was making this dress.
230. AADEF_161019_198.JPG: Rosa Parks
231. AADEF_161019_201.JPG: Rosa Parks -- A Test Case
232. AADEF_161019_203.JPG: Segregated Clinic Sign from Lallie-Kemp Hospital: This hospital in Independence, Louisiana, remained segregated until 1965. Across the South, black and white patients were often seen on different days so they would not share a waiting or examination room.
233. AADEF_161019_210.JPG: Lester Maddox Ax Handle: Lester Maddox once brandished an ax handle to keep black patrons from his restaurant. When he ran for governor of Georgia, he used the ax handle to symbolize his opposition to civil rights legislation.
234. AADEF_161019_215.JPG: Harry and Harriette Moore
235. AADEF_161019_218.JPG: The Moore Family, ca 1931
236. AADEF_161019_219.JPG: Harriette Moore
237. AADEF_161019_221.JPG: The Moore's House: The Moores were killed in a bombing at their home on Christmas Day, 1951. It was the first killing of a prominent civil rights leader after World War II.
238. AADEF_161019_224.JPG: Harry T. Moore's Wallet: From 1943 until his death, Moore investigated every lynching in Florida.
239. AADEF_161019_228.JPG: Locket with Photos of Harry and Harriette Moore: The Moores were the leading civil rights activists in Florida at the time of their death.
240. AADEF_161019_231.JPG: Harriette Moore's Watch
241. AADEF_161019_234.JPG: Harry T. Moore's Watch
242. AADEF_161019_237.JPG: The Death of John C. Jones
243. AADEF_161019_239.JPG: John C. Jones and His Wife and Child: Jones's case was the first time the federal government had prosecuted anyone in Louisiana in the death of an African American.
244. AADEF_161019_241.JPG: The Badly Beaten Body of John C. Jones: The executive secretary of [the] New Orleans branch of the NAACP immediately pressed local authorities and the the federal government to prosecute Jones's murderers.
245. AADEF_161019_243.JPG: Death Certificate of John C. Jones: The certificate described the cause of death as "shock multiple bruises & abrasions due to wounds received while being beaten by unknown persons."
246. AADEF_161019_246.JPG: "I thought about Emmett Till, and I could not go back." -- Rosa Parks
247. AADEF_161019_249.JPG: Thirteen-year-old Emmett Till, Christmas, 1954
248. AADEF_161019_252.JPG: Emmett TIll's Story in Jet Magazine: When Emmett Till was beaten and murdered in Mississippi in 1955 it became a national story. Jet magazine was one of the first publications to give the story extensive coverage.
249. AADEF_161019_270.JPG: Savage lynchers crushed boy's skull, shot him, mutilated his face
250. AADEF_161019_274.JPG: Mamie TIll with her baby son Emmett, 1941
251. AADEF_161019_276.JPG: Mamie Till at the trial of the men accused of killing her son
252. AADEF_161019_280.JPG: The Battle over Segregated Tranportation
253. AADEF_161019_282.JPG: Segregation Signs, ca 1930
254. AADEF_161019_287.JPG: Bus Segregation Sign, ca 1950
255. AADEF_161019_290.JPG: Bus Station Waiting Room Sign, ca 1957
256. AADEF_161019_293.JPG: Signs for Segregated Travel: Segregated seating in waiting rooms and on different forms of transportation were the norm for most of the 20th century, especially in the South. Signs like these let travelers known where they could sit without breaking the law.
257. AADEF_161019_294.JPG: Segregated Bus Sign, ca 1950
258. AADEF_161019_297.JPG: This segregated motor lodge in Alachua County, Florida, served as a recreational and health facility for black soldiers during World War II.
259. AADEF_161019_300.JPG: Restricted Travel: When African Americans traveled by automobile, they usually had little choice but to stay in segregated accommodations. Publications like this one let them know where they were welcome.
260. AADEF_161019_303.JPG: Whites Only Waiting Room
Multi Column: Number of columns of thumbnails to appear per page (normally defaults to 3): [1 col] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
AAA "Gem": AAA considers this location to be a "must see" point of interest. To see pictures of other areas that AAA considers to be Gems, click here.
Description of Subject Matter: Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: Era of Segregation 1876-1968
September 24, 2016 – Indefinitely
This exhibition takes visitors from the end of Reconstruction through the civil rights movement of the 1960s. It is rich with history and artifacts that capture the major aspects of the ongoing struggle by the nation in general and African Americans in particular to define and make real the meaning of freedom. The exhibition illustrates how African Americans not only survived the challenges set before them, but crafted an important role for themselves in the nation, and how the nation was changed as a consequence of these struggles.
Some of the most powerful artifacts in the museum are located here:
* Emmett Till’s casket
* dress made by Rosa Parks
* prison tower from Louisiana State Penitentiary in Angola
* segregated Southern Railway rail car from the Jim Crow era
* Greensboro, N.C., Woolworth’s lunch-counter stools
* house (c. 1874) built, owned, and lived in by freed slaves in Maryland
Bigger photos? To save server space, the full-sized versions of these images have either not been loaded to the server or have been removed from the server. (Only some pages are loaded with full-sized images and those usually get removed after three months.) I still have them though. If you want me to email them to you, please send an email to guthrie.bruce@gmail.com and I can email them to you, or, depending on the number of images, just repost the page again will the full-sized images.
Directly Related Pages: Other pages with content (DC -- NMAAHC -- Exhibit: (C2) Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: Era of Segregation 1876-1968) directly related to this one: [Display ALL photos on one page]:
- 2022_DC_SINMAA_Defining: DC -- NMAAHC -- Exhibit: (C2) Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: Era of Segregation 1876-1968 (6 photos from 2022)
- 2021_DC_SINMAA_Defining: DC -- NMAAHC -- Exhibit: (C2) Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: Era of Segregation 1876-1968 (60 photos from 2021)
- 2020_DC_SINMAA_Defining: DC -- NMAAHC -- Exhibit: (C2) Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: Era of Segregation 1876-1968 (36 photos from 2020)
Same Subject: Click on this link to see coverage of items having the same subject: [(Smithsonian) National Museum of African American History and Culture] [Museums (History)]
2016 photos: Equipment this year: I continued to use my Fuji XS-1 cameras but, depending on the event, I also used a Nikon D7000. Seven relatively short trips this year: two Civil War Trust conference (Gettysburg, PA and West Point, NY, with a side-trip to New York City), my 11th consecutive San Diego Comic-Con trip (including sites in Utah, Nevada, and California), a quick trip to Michigan for Uncle Wayne's funeral, two additional trips to New York City, and a Civil Rights site trip to Alabama during the November elections. Being in places where people died to preserve the rights of minority voters made the Trumputin election even more depressing. Number of photos taken this year: just over 610,000.
Connection Not Secure messages? Those warnings you get from your browser about this site not having secure connections worry some people. This means this site does not have SSL installed (the link is http:, not https:). That's bad if you're entering credit card numbers, passwords, or other personal information. But this site doesn't collect any personal information so SSL is not necessary. Life's good!
Limiting Text: You can turn off all of this text by clicking this link: [Thumbnails Only]
Photo Contact: [Email Bruce Guthrie].