BGuthrie Photos: DC -- Natl Museum of American History -- Exhibit: American Enterprise

DC -- Natl Museum of American History -- Exhibit: American Enterprise:

Bruce Guthrie Photos Home Page: [Click here] to go to Bruce Guthrie Photos home page.

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Copyrights: All pictures were taken by amateur photographer Bruce Guthrie (me!) who retains copyright on them. Free for non-commercial use with attribution. See the [Creative Commons] definition of what this means. "Photos (c) Bruce Guthrie" is fine for attribution. (Commercial use folks including AI scrapers can of course contact me.) Feel free to use in publications and pages with attribution but you don't have permission to sell the photos themselves. A free copy of any printed publication using any photographs is requested. Descriptive text, if any, is from a mixture of sources, quite frequently from signs at the location or from official web sites; copyrights, if any, are retained by their original owners.

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[430] SIAHE3_160308_681.JPG	[431] SIAHE3_160308_687.JPG	[432] SIAHE3_160308_695.JPG
[433] SIAHE3_160308_706.JPG	[434] SIAHE3_160308_708.JPG	[435] SIAHE3_160308_711.JPG
[436] SIAHE3_160308_716.JPG	[437] SIAHE3_160308_723.JPG	[438] SIAHE3_160308_730.JPG
[439] SIAHE3_160308_733.JPG	[440] SIAHE3_160308_738.JPG	[441] SIAHE3_160308_741.JPG
[442] SIAHE3_160308_744.JPG	[443] SIAHE3_160308_747.JPG	[444] SIAHE3_160308_753.JPG
[445] SIAHE3_160308_758.JPG	[446] SIAHE3_160308_761.JPG	[447] SIAHE3_160308_767.JPG
[448] SIAHE3_160308_769.JPG	[449] SIAHE3_160308_775.JPG	[450] SIAHE3_160308_788.JPG
[451] SIAHE3_160308_791.JPG	[452] SIAHE3_160308_794.JPG	[453] SIAHE3_160308_796.JPG
[454] SIAHE3_160308_801.JPG	[455] SIAHE4_160308_006.JPG	[456] SIAHE4_160308_010.JPG
[457] SIAHE4_160308_017.JPG	[458] SIAHE4_160308_024.JPG	[459] SIAHE4_160308_026.JPG
[460] SIAHE4_160308_033.JPG	[461] SIAHE4_160308_038.JPG	[462] SIAHE4_160308_041.JPG
[463] SIAHE4_160308_044.JPG	[464] SIAHE4_160308_047.JPG	[465] SIAHE4_160308_050.JPG
[466] SIAHE4_160308_053.JPG	[467] SIAHE4_160308_056.JPG	[468] SIAHE4_160308_060.JPG
[469] SIAHE4_160308_064.JPG	[470] SIAHE4_160308_066.JPG	[471] SIAHE4_160308_068.JPG
[472] SIAHE4_160308_070.JPG	[473] SIAHE4_160308_076.JPG	[474] SIAHE4_160308_078.JPG
[475] SIAHE4_160308_082.JPG	[476] SIAHE4_160308_085.JPG	[477] SIAHE4_160308_093.JPG
[478] SIAHE4_160308_095.JPG	[479] SIAHE4_160308_104.JPG	[480] SIAHE4_160308_113.JPG
[481] SIAHE4_160308_116.JPG	[482] SIAHE4_160308_118.JPG	[483] SIAHE4_160308_122.JPG
[484] SIAHE4_160308_125.JPG	[485] SIAHE4_160308_127.JPG	[486] SIAHE4_160308_133.JPG
[487] SIAHE4_160308_142.JPG	[488] SIAHE4_160308_150.JPG	[489] SIAHE4_160308_153.JPG
[490] SIAHE4_160308_155.JPG	[491] SIAHE4_160308_158.JPG	[492] SIAHE4_160308_161.JPG
[493] SIAHE4_160308_163.JPG	[494] SIAHE4_160308_167.JPG	[495] SIAHE4_160308_169.JPG
[496] SIAHE4_160308_175.JPG	[497] SIAHE4_160308_178.JPG	[498] SIAHE4_160308_182.JPG
[499] SIAHE4_160308_184.JPG	[500] SIAHE4_160308_187.JPG	[501] SIAHE4_160308_192.JPG
[502] SIAHE4_160308_200.JPG	[503] SIAHE4_160308_205.JPG	[504] SIAHE4_160308_207.JPG
[505] SIAHE4_160308_209.JPG	[506] SIAHE4_160308_217.JPG	[507] SIAHE4_160308_221.JPG
[508] SIAHE4_160308_226.JPG	[509] SIAHE4_160308_229.JPG	[510] SIAHE4_160308_237.JPG
[511] SIAHE4_160308_240.JPG	[512] SIAHE4_160308_243.JPG	[513] SIAHE4_160308_246.JPG
[514] SIAHE4_160308_249.JPG	[515] SIAHE4_160308_251.JPG	[516] SIAHE4_160308_256.JPG
[517] SIAHE4_160308_260.JPG	[518] SIAHE4_160308_266.JPG	[519] SIAHE4_160308_267.JPG
[520] SIAHE4_160308_273.JPG	[521] SIAHE4_160308_277.JPG	[522] SIAHE4_160308_282.JPG
[523] SIAHE4_160308_286.JPG	[524] SIAHE4_160308_289.JPG	[525] SIAHE4_160308_292.JPG
[526] SIAHE4_160308_295.JPG	[527] SIAHE4_160308_298.JPG	[528] SIAHE4_160308_301.JPG
[529] SIAHE4_160308_304.JPG	[530] SIAHE4_160308_308.JPG	[531] SIAHE4_160308_310.JPG
[532] SIAHE4_160308_317.JPG	[533] SIAHE4_160308_319.JPG	[534] SIAHE4_160308_322.JPG
[535] SIAHE4_160308_325.JPG	[536] SIAHE4_160308_328.JPG	[537] SIAHE4_160308_332.JPG
[538] SIAHE4_160308_337.JPG	[539] SIAHE4_160308_341.JPG	[540] SIAHE4_160308_344.JPG
[541] SIAHE4_160308_351.JPG	[542] SIAHEN_160307_001.JPG	[543] SIAHEN_160307_005.JPG
[544] SIAHEN_160307_009.JPG	[545] SIAHEN_160307_015.JPG	[546] SIAHEN_160307_020.JPG
[547] SIAHEN_160307_024.JPG	[548] SIAHEN_160307_032.JPG	[549] SIAHEN_160307_035.JPG
[550] SIAHEN_160307_040.JPG	[551] SIAHEN_160307_043.JPG	[552] SIAHEN_160307_046.JPG
[553] SIAHEN_160307_054.JPG	[554] SIAHEN_160307_057.JPG	[555] SIAHEN_160307_060.JPG
[556] SIAHEN_160307_063.JPG	[557] SIAHEN_160307_070.JPG	[558] SIAHEN_160307_072.JPG
[559] SIAHEN_160307_075.JPG	[560] SIAHEN_160307_078.JPG	[561] SIAHEN_160307_081.JPG
[562] SIAHEN_160307_084.JPG	[563] SIAHEN_160307_087.JPG	[564] SIAHEN_160307_090.JPG
[565] SIAHEN_160307_094.JPG	[566] SIAHEN_160307_098.JPG	[567] SIAHEN_160307_100.JPG
[568] SIAHEN_160307_103.JPG	[569] SIAHEN_160307_112.JPG	[570] SIAHEN_160307_113.JPG
[571] SIAHEN_160307_116.JPG	[572] SIAHEN_160307_126.JPG	[573] SIAHEN_160307_132.JPG
[574] SIAHEN_160307_135.JPG	[575] SIAHEN_160307_138.JPG	[576] SIAHEN_160307_142.JPG
[577] SIAHEN_160307_145.JPG	[578] SIAHEN_160307_149.JPG	[579] SIAHEN_160307_156.JPG
[580] SIAHEN_160307_162.JPG	[581] SIAHEN_160307_178.JPG	[582] SIAHEN_160307_181.JPG
[583] SIAHEN_160307_184.JPG	[584] SIAHEN_160307_186.JPG	[585] SIAHEN_160307_189.JPG
[586] SIAHEN_160307_193.JPG	[587] SIAHEN_160307_196.JPG	[588] SIAHEN_160307_199.JPG
[589] SIAHEN_160307_202.JPG	[590] SIAHEN_160307_206.JPG	[591] SIAHEN_160307_209.JPG
[592] SIAHEN_160307_214.JPG	[593] SIAHEN_160307_216.JPG	[594] SIAHEN_160307_220.JPG
[595] SIAHEN_160307_222.JPG	[596] SIAHEN_160307_225.JPG	[597] SIAHEN_160307_228.JPG
[598] SIAHEN_160307_233.JPG	[599] SIAHEN_160307_235.JPG	[600] SIAHEN_160307_237.JPG
[601] SIAHEN_160307_239.JPG	[602] SIAHEN_160307_244.JPG	[603] SIAHEN_160307_248.JPG
[604] SIAHEN_160307_254.JPG	[605] SIAHEN_160307_259.JPG	[606] SIAHEN_160307_261.JPG
[607] SIAHEN_160307_264.JPG	[608] SIAHEN_160307_267.JPG	[609] SIAHEN_160307_270.JPG
[610] SIAHEN_160307_274.JPG	[611] SIAHEN_160307_275.JPG	[612] SIAHEN_160307_278.JPG
[613] SIAHEN_160307_281.JPG	[614] SIAHEN_160307_284.JPG	[615] SIAHEN_160307_287.JPG
[616] SIAHEN_160307_290.JPG	[617] SIAHEN_160307_294.JPG	[618] SIAHEN_160307_297.JPG
[619] SIAHEN_160307_300.JPG	[620] SIAHEN_160307_303.JPG	[621] SIAHEN_160307_307.JPG
[622] SIAHEN_160307_310.JPG	[623] SIAHEN_160307_313.JPG	[624] SIAHEN_160307_317.JPG
[625] SIAHEN_160307_319.JPG	[626] SIAHEN_160307_322.JPG	[627] SIAHEN_160307_325.JPG
[628] SIAHEN_160307_329.JPG	[629] SIAHEN_160307_332.JPG	[630] SIAHEN_160307_334.JPG
[631] SIAHEN_160307_341.JPG	[632] SIAHEN_160307_345.JPG	[633] SIAHEN_160307_346.JPG
[634] SIAHEN_160307_351.JPG	[635] SIAHEN_160307_355.JPG	[636] SIAHEN_160307_358.JPG
[637] SIAHEN_160307_364.JPG	[638] SIAHEN_160307_367.JPG	[639] SIAHEN_160307_371.JPG
[640] SIAHEN_160307_376.JPG	[641] SIAHEN_160307_377.JPG	[642] SIAHEN_160307_380.JPG
[643] SIAHEN_160307_382.JPG	[644] SIAHEN_160307_386.JPG	[645] SIAHEN_160307_390.JPG
[646] SIAHEN_160307_393.JPG	[647] SIAHEN_160307_395.JPG	[648] SIAHEN_160307_401.JPG
[649] SIAHEN_160307_409.JPG	[650] SIAHEN_160307_413.JPG	[651] SIAHEN_160307_419.JPG
[652] SIAHEN_160307_424.JPG	[653] SIAHEN_160307_427.JPG	[654] SIAHEN_160307_431.JPG
[655] SIAHEN_160307_435.JPG	[656] SIAHEN_160307_452.JPG	[657] SIAHEN_160307_454.JPG
[658] SIAHEN_160307_456.JPG	[659] SIAHEN_160307_459.JPG	[660] SIAHEN_160307_465.JPG
[661] SIAHEN_160307_468.JPG	[662] SIAHEN_160307_472.JPG	[663] SIAHEN_160307_475.JPG
[664] SIAHEN_160310_001.JPG	[665] SIAHEN_160310_009.JPG	[666] SIAHEN_160310_016.JPG
[667] SIAHEN_160310_027.JPG	[668] SIAHEN_160310_033.JPG	[669] SIAHEN_160310_039.JPG
[670] SIAHEN_160310_047.JPG	[671] SIAHEN_160310_051.JPG	[672] SIAHEN_160310_058.JPG
[673] SIAHEN_160310_062.JPG	[674] SIAHEN_160310_071.JPG	[675] SIAHEN_160310_074.JPG
[676] SIAHEN_160310_077.JPG	[677] SIAHEN_160310_081.JPG	[678] SIAHEN_160310_084.JPG
[679] SIAHEN_160310_106.JPG	[680] SIAHEN_160310_145.JPG	[681] SIAHEN_160310_154.JPG
[682] SIAHEN_160310_157.JPG	[683] SIAHEN_160310_160.JPG	[684] SIAHEN_160310_163.JPG
[685] SIAHEN_160310_166.JPG	[686] SIAHEN_160310_175.JPG	[687] SIAHEN_160310_178.JPG

Specific picture descriptions: Photos above with "i" icons next to the bracketed sequence numbers (e.g. "[1] ") are described as follows:
1. SIAHE1_160308_005.JPG: People as Property
2. SIAHE1_160308_013.JPG: Hong bowl, 1785-1795
3. SIAHE1_160308_021.JPG: Buying and Selling: The Merchant's Role
4. SIAHE1_160308_023.JPG: The Merchant's Role
5. SIAHE1_160308_026.JPG: Merchant Era 1770s-1850s
6. SIAHE1_160308_032.JPG: Patent model of whale oil lamp, invented by Alonzo Platt, 1836
7. SIAHE1_160308_036.JPG: Extending the Day
8. SIAHE1_160308_049.JPG: Scrimshaw whale panbone, about 1840
9. SIAHE1_160308_057.JPG: Patent model of solar lamp, invented by Robert Cornelius, 1843
10. SIAHE1_160308_062.JPG: Rubens Peale's cockspur gas burner, 1814, manufactured by Otis Chaffee and Joseph Lyon: Rubens Peale's brother and fellow artist Rembrandt Peale founded the first American coal gas company in 1817.
11. SIAHE1_160308_064.JPG: Private bank notes, 1790-1863: From 1790 to 1863, banks, insurance companies, railroads, and factories issued paper money. Complex images, which made forgery more difficult, depicted scenes of the local economy.
12. SIAHE1_160308_074.JPG: Ancient Order of United Workmen certificate, 1888
13. SIAHE1_160308_077.JPG: Money and Debt
14. SIAHE1_160308_086.JPG: Gold
15. SIAHE1_160308_093.JPG: Snuff box, about 1860
16. SIAHE1_160308_101.JPG: Grabbing Land
17. SIAHE1_160308_105.JPG: Shoes, mid-to-late 1800s
18. SIAHE1_160308_109.JPG: Industrial Shoes
19. SIAHE1_160308_115.JPG: Patent model, sole-cutting machine, patented 1843
20. SIAHE1_160308_124.JPG: Industrial Textiles
21. SIAHE1_160308_127.JPG: Shuttle and bobbin, about 1870
22. SIAHE1_160308_132.JPG: Artisan Shoemakers
23. SIAHE1_160308_136.JPG: Shoemaker tools, mid 1800s
24. SIAHE1_160308_144.JPG: Artisan Weaver
25. SIAHE1_160308_146.JPG: Artisan to Industry
26. SIAHE1_160308_154.JPG: Chocolate and Tea
27. SIAHE1_160308_158.JPG: Chocolate block and grater Chocolate cup and saucer, 1800-1815
28. SIAHE1_160308_166.JPG: Miner's hat, about 1930
29. SIAHE1_160308_170.JPG: President John L. Lewis, United Mine Workers, convention badge, 1936
30. SIAHE1_160308_174.JPG: Pinkerton Detective Agency badge Colt revolver, 1895
31. SIAHE1_160308_193.JPG: Workers and Managers Mining
32. SIAHE1_160308_198.JPG: Mining
33. SIAHE1_160308_206.JPG: Going Bananas
34. SIAHE1_160308_234.JPG: Antifebrin, about 1907: Seeking a competitive edge, chemical companies switched from generic to trade names for drugs. Antifebrin, a pain reliever, is actually a chemical used in dyes. Bayer aspirin powder, about 1906: After developing acetylsalicylic acid in 1897, the German chemical company Bayer patented and trademarked the product, Aspirin, around the world to protect its intellectual property.
35. SIAHE1_160308_243.JPG: Bayer Aspirin, 1916: As the patent for acetylsalicylic acid was about to expire, Bayer began to emphasize the company name and the trademarked name Aspirin. Bayer Asperin, 1930s: During World War I, the US seized German patents and trademarks. Sterling Drug bought Bayer's American rights and continued to emphasize the Bayer company logo.
36. SIAHE1_160308_247.JPG: Generic aspirin, about 1925
37. SIAHE1_160308_261.JPG: Intellectual property
38. SIAHE1_160308_266.JPG: Made in USA
39. SIAHE1_160308_275.JPG: Presidential china, 1889
40. SIAHE1_160308_280.JPG: Henry Clay campaign medallion, 1844
41. SIAHE1_160308_287.JPG: Chinese Coca-Cola ad, about 1936
42. SIAHE1_160308_290.JPG: Joseph Wilhelm, Hibveras, 1992
43. SIAHE1_160308_296.JPG: Banana distributor advertisement, 1911
44. SIAHE1_160308_308.JPG: Leander McCormick grain binder patent model, 1879
45. SIAHE1_160308_311.JPG: Singer industrial sewing machine, 1910
46. SIAHE1_160308_314.JPG: Dominating Trade Government and Business
47. SIAHE1_160308_316.JPG: Government and Business
48. SIAHE1_160308_320.JPG: Marshall Field store sign, about 1910
49. SIAHE1_160308_325.JPG: Pneumatic tube room at Marshall Field, 1897
50. SIAHE1_160308_332.JPG: Pneumatic tube station, 1910s
51. SIAHE1_160308_338.JPG: From Old to New
52. SIAHE1_160308_341.JPG: Palemon Dorsett and interpreter Peter Liu, west of Beijing, about 1930
53. SIAHE1_160308_349.JPG: Baugh fertilizer samples, about 1900
54. SIAHE1_160308_360.JPG: Henry Beville windmill patent model, 1880
55. SIAHE1_160308_364.JPG: Whitely harvester and self-raking reaper patent model, 1877
56. SIAHE1_160308_371.JPG: Dr. Le Gear's Stock Powders, about 1925
57. SIAHE1_160308_377.JPG: Glidden patent model for machine to make barbed wire, 1874 Glidden barbed wire, about 1870s
58. SIAHE2_160308_001.JPG: Mass Production Making Tractors
59. SIAHE2_160308_006.JPG: Making Tractors
60. SIAHE2_160308_007.JPG: Better, Faster, Cheaper
61. SIAHE2_160308_041.JPG: Time clock, 1915: Assembly line production meant regimentation -- everyone on a shift had a work the same hours. To enforce the rules, managers made workers punch a time card.
62. SIAHE2_160308_055.JPG: River Rouge ID badges, late 1930s to mid-1960s
63. SIAHE2_160308_065.JPG: Speed indicator advertisement, 1905
64. SIAHE2_160308_076.JPG: Cosmetics, 1920s
65. SIAHE2_160308_079.JPG: Cash register, 1921
66. SIAHE2_160308_084.JPG: J.H. Hudson credit token, 1919
67. SIAHE2_160308_089.JPG: Toaster, about 1910
68. SIAHE2_160308_100.JPG: J.L. Hudson water fountain, 1928
69. SIAHE2_160308_104.JPG: Marshall Field department store, Chicago, Illinois, about 1910
70. SIAHE2_160308_111.JPG: Hat department, 1890s
71. SIAHE2_160308_115.JPG: Store windows, 1910
72. SIAHE2_160308_116.JPG: General office, about 1898
73. SIAHE2_160308_122.JPG: Palaces of Consumption
74. SIAHE2_160308_126.JPG: Singer Tower, New York City, 1908
75. SIAHE2_160308_133.JPG: Director's office, New York City
76. SIAHE2_160308_136.JPG: Singer branch office, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1904
77. SIAHE2_160308_139.JPG: Singer salesroom, Sydney, Australia, 1898
78. SIAHE2_160308_146.JPG: The Singer Story
79. SIAHE2_160308_149.JPG: Singer sewing machine patent model, 1851
80. SIAHE2_160308_159.JPG: Burroughs adding machine, 1915
81. SIAHE2_160308_162.JPG: Singer ad, 1901
82. SIAHE2_160308_166.JPG: Underwood #5 typewriter, 1914
83. SIAHE2_160308_169.JPG: Telegraph key and codebook, about 1910
84. SIAHE2_160308_173.JPG: Singer sewing machine patent model, 1851
85. SIAHE2_160308_176.JPG: The Singer Story
86. SIAHE2_160308_201.JPG: AT&T desk telephone, 1927
87. SIAHE2_160308_203.JPG: Competition
88. SIAHE2_160308_205.JPG: Pit card game, about 1912
89. SIAHE2_160308_208.JPG: Political cartoon, 1904
90. SIAHE2_160308_211.JPG: Corporate Mergers
91. SIAHE2_160308_219.JPG: Monopoly
92. SIAHE2_160308_228.JPG: "We draw the line at misconduct not against wealth." -- President Theodore Roosevelt, 1902
93. SIAHE2_160308_232.JPG: Carnegie Steel
94. SIAHE2_160308_239.JPG: Thomas Edison printing telegraph patent model, 1873
95. SIAHE2_160308_242.JPG: Standard Oil
96. SIAHE2_160308_246.JPG: Spencer kerosene lamp patent model, 1878
97. SIAHE2_160308_252.JPG: Westinghouse stopper lamp, about 1894 Edison carbon lamp, about 1886 Westinghouse tantalum mill lamp, about 1908
98. SIAHE2_160308_255.JPG: Generating Change
99. SIAHE2_160308_258.JPG: Olympia Mills, Columbia, South Carolina, about 1905
100. SIAHE2_160308_265.JPG: Electrical transmission cables, 1897
101. SIAHE2_160308_271.JPG: Westinghouse motor, 1888
102. SIAHE2_160308_279.JPG: Breaker boys, 1911
103. SIAHE2_160308_284.JPG: Reddy-Kilowatt advertising puppet, 1934
104. SIAHE2_160308_287.JPG: Labor Wants More
105. SIAHE2_160308_292.JPG: Beer tray, about 1905
106. SIAHE2_160308_301.JPG: Maymarket Riot, Chicago, Illinois, 1886
107. SIAHE2_160308_305.JPG: "We do want more, and when it becomes more we shall want more. And we shall never cease to demand more until we have received the results of our labor." -- Samuel Gompers, labor leader, 1890
108. SIAHE2_160308_314.JPG: Debs for President button, about 1910 CIO badge, 1930s
109. SIAHE2_160308_322.JPG: IWW promotional sticker, 1930s
110. SIAHE2_160308_328.JPG: AFL badge, 1896
111. SIAHE2_160308_331.JPG: Knights of Labor trade card, 1880s
112. SIAHE2_160308_341.JPG: Strike broadside, 1931
113. SIAHE2_160308_345.JPG: Bootlegging
114. SIAHE2_160308_347.JPG: Medicinal whiskey, 1928
115. SIAHE2_160308_351.JPG: Prescription for medicinal alcohol, 1929
116. SIAHE2_160308_359.JPG: Cocktail shaker and cups, 1924
117. SIAHE2_160308_362.JPG: Thompson submachine gun, 1920s
118. SIAHE2_160308_367.JPG: Birger Gang, about 1924
119. SIAHE2_160308_373.JPG: Al Capone in Chicago
120. SIAHE2_160308_376.JPG: Al Capone mug shot, 1934
121. SIAHE2_160308_383.JPG: Dumping wine, Chicago, Illinois, 1921
122. SIAHE2_160308_386.JPG: Souvenir bank models
123. SIAHE2_160308_389.JPG: Emergency money, 1930s
124. SIAHE2_160308_393.JPG: Emergency money, 1930s
125. SIAHE2_160308_397.JPG: The Great Depression
126. SIAHE2_160308_403.JPG: Financial Chaos
127. SIAHE2_160308_406.JPG: Unemployment
128. SIAHE2_160308_408.JPG: Letter to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt begging for help, 1934
129. SIAHE2_160308_413.JPG: Doll designed by Portia Sperry, 1930s
130. SIAHE2_160308_419.JPG: Agriculture in Crisis
131. SIAHE2_160308_426.JPG: Self-help
132. SIAHE2_160308_429.JPG: Political cartoon, 1934
133. SIAHE2_160308_434.JPG: New Deal
134. SIAHE2_160308_437.JPG: Campaign cane, 1932
135. SIAHE2_160308_446.JPG: NRA
136. SIAHE2_160308_452.JPG: AAA
137. SIAHE2_160308_458.JPG: NRA
138. SIAHE2_160308_461.JPG: Corporate Era 1860s-1930s
139. SIAHE2_160308_467.JPG: Debating Enterprise The Consumer Era (1940s-1970s) After World War II, Americans enjoyed expanded opportunities and material prosperity. But income inequality persisted, and people questioned whether the government should intervene to balance the scales. "The affluent society makes no meaningful distinction between luxury and necessity." -- Economist John Kenneth Galbraith argued that an unregulated marketplace resulted in "private opulence and public squalor." "The only way a government can be of service to national prosperity is by keeping its hands off." -- Philosopher Ayn Rand invoked the benefits of a free and unregulated marketplace where the most competitive individuals could thrive. "A community is democratic only when the humblest and weakest person can enjoy the highest civil, economic, and social rights that the biggest and most powerful possess." -- Labor and civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph argued that equality of opportunity could not be left to the marketplace.
140. SIAHE2_160308_470.JPG: "The affluent society makes no meaningful distinction between luxury and necessity." -- Economist John Kenneth Galbraith argued that an unregulated marketplace resulted in "private opulence and public squalor."
141. SIAHE2_160308_473.JPG: "The only way a government can be of service to national prosperity is by keeping its hands off." -- Philosopher Ayn Rand invoked the benefits of a free and unregulated marketplace where the most competitive individuals could thrive.
142. SIAHE2_160308_477.JPG: "A community is democratic only when the humblest and weakest person can enjoy the highest civil, economic, and social rights that the biggest and most powerful possess." -- Labor and civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph argued that equality of opportunity could not be left to the marketplace.
143. SIAHE2_160308_480.JPG: Consumer Era 1940s-1970s
144. SIAHE2_160308_486.JPG: 1930
145. SIAHE2_160308_491.JPG: Forrest Mars Sr. 1904-1999 Global Entrepreneur
146. SIAHE2_160308_492.JPG: Ruth Handler 1916-2002 Barbie Mama Observing her daughter, Barbara, playing with paper dolls, Handler had the idea that dolls could be styled as adults. In 1959, she convinced her husband, co-owner of Mattel, to develop and adult fashion doll, Barbie. TV marketing made it the world's best-selling toy.
147. SIAHE2_160308_504.JPG: Marlowe family 1961 Poverty Victims In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson declared a "War on Poverty," citing the abysmal conditions of Appalachian families. Lady Bird Johnson selected images of the Thomas Marlowe family to help publicize the campaign. Congress soon passed legislation that led to Head Start, Job Corps, Medicare, and Medicaid.
148. SIAHE2_160308_510.JPG: Sam B. Fuller and Joe Dudley Sr. Fuller, 1905-1988 Dudley, 1937- Competitors and Collaborators
149. SIAHE2_160308_519.JPG: Sellers of Beauty
150. SIAHE2_160308_522.JPG: Elizabeth Arden 1884-1966
151. SIAHE2_160308_525.JPG: Max Factor 1877-1938
152. SIAHE2_160308_528.JPG: Hazel Bishop 1906-1998
153. SIAHE2_160308_535.JPG: Estee Lauder 1906-2004
154. SIAHE2_160308_537.JPG: Mary Kay Ash 1918-2001
155. SIAHE2_160308_541.JPG: "I have never worked a day in my life without selling. If I believe in something, I sell it, and I sell it hard." -- Estee Lauder
156. SIAHE2_160308_544.JPG: Families in Business
157. SIAHE2_160308_551.JPG: H. Joseph Gerber 1924-1996 Charismatic Inventor
158. SIAHE2_160308_555.JPG: Gerber variable scale, about 1946 Pajama band, 1945
159. SIAHE2_160308_562.JPG: Raoul A. Cortez 1905-1971 La Voz Mexicana
160. SIAHE2_160308_571.JPG: Jean Nidetch 1923-2015 [Note that the date has just been filled in] Weight Watcher
161. SIAHE2_160308_574.JPG: Weight Watchers scale, 1968
162. SIAHE2_160308_582.JPG: Muriel Siebert 1928-2013 1 among 1,365
163. SIAHE2_160308_586.JPG: Organizational Gurus
164. SIAHE2_160308_589.JPG: Georges Doriot
165. SIAHE2_160308_593.JPG: Peter Drucker
166. SIAHE2_160308_597.JPG: William Whyte
167. SIAHE2_160308_601.JPG: Dr. Lillian Gilbreth
168. SIAHE2_160308_607.JPG: Cesar Chavez 1927-1993 Labor Legend
169. SIAHE2_160308_613.JPG: Short-handed hoe, 1936
170. SIAHE2_160308_620.JPG: Norman Borlaug 1914-2009 Famine Fighter
171. SIAHE2_160308_623.JPG: Sam Walton 1918-1992 Revolutionary Retailer
172. SIAHE2_160308_627.JPG: "I made my first investment at age 11. I was wasting my life up until then." -- Warren Buffett
173. SIAHE2_160308_630.JPG: Bill Gates and Paul Allen
174. SIAHE2_160308_633.JPG: Gloria Steinem 1934- Feminist
175. SIAHE2_160308_640.JPG: High-Risk Investors
176. SIAHE2_160308_641.JPG: Michael Milken
177. SIAHE2_160308_646.JPG: Carl Icahn
178. SIAHE2_160308_649.JPG: Henry Kravis
179. SIAHE2_160308_653.JPG: Felix Zandman
180. SIAHE2_160308_661.JPG: A sketch made on a napkin for one of Felix Zandman's many inventions, 1993
181. SIAHE2_160308_667.JPG: Phil Knight
182. SIAHE2_160308_670.JPG: Oprah Winfrey
183. SIAHE2_160308_673.JPG: Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson
184. SIAHE2_160308_677.JPG: Steve Jobs
185. SIAHE2_160308_683.JPG: Wallace Coulter
186. SIAHE2_160308_689.JPG: WANN Remote Box
187. SIAHE2_160308_704.JPG: Dressed for Success
188. SIAHE2_160308_719.JPG: Secretary's Desk
189. SIAHE2_160308_722.JPG: The Office: Information Revolution
190. SIAHE2_160308_726.JPG: "Think" Objects: "Think," declared Thomas Watson Sr., CEO of IBM in the 1920s, and it stuck, becoming the enduring company slogan. Desk signs, notepads, and the title of the company magazine, all reminded IBM employees of the importance of innovation.
191. SIAHE2_160308_731.JPG: THINK, IBM's company magazine, June 1962
192. SIAHE2_160308_739.JPG: Television Business
193. SIAHE2_160308_744.JPG: DuMont Revere television, 1947
194. SIAHE2_160308_750.JPG: Allen B. Du Mont
195. SIAHE2_160308_765.JPG: M&Ms display packaging, 1942
196. SIAHE2_160308_771.JPG: TV Guide, 1954
197. SIAHE2_160308_774.JPG: Howdy Doody puppet, 1950s
198. SIAHE2_160308_777.JPG: From War Production to Home Consumption
199. SIAHE3_160308_004.JPG: Designed to Sell
200. SIAHE3_160308_007.JPG: Dealers' Models
201. SIAHE3_160308_015.JPG: Designed Obsolescence
202. SIAHE3_160308_021.JPG: Tail light assembly, 1959 Cadillac Eldorado Biarritz
203. SIAHE3_160308_028.JPG: New Kinds of Credit
204. SIAHE3_160308_031.JPG: Credit Cards
205. SIAHE3_160308_033.JPG: Cartoons
206. SIAHE3_160308_037.JPG: "Credit Card Cornucopia," by Frank Modell, about 1964
207. SIAHE3_160308_039.JPG: Series of original drawings, "Number 467-821," by Ted Key, about 1960 Warning of the risks of overspending. "467-821."
208. SIAHE3_160308_062.JPG: Credit card imprinter, about 1960
209. SIAHE3_160308_065.JPG: New Kinds of Credit
210. SIAHE3_160308_072.JPG: Teen Markets
211. SIAHE3_160308_075.JPG: Magazines
212. SIAHE3_160308_090.JPG: Prom dress, 1965
213. SIAHE3_160308_104.JPG: Music
214. SIAHE3_160308_107.JPG: Beauty
215. SIAHE3_160308_111.JPG: High School Memories
216. SIAHE3_160308_114.JPG: One Big Union
217. SIAHE3_160308_119.JPG: Labor union pins
218. SIAHE3_160308_121.JPG: Unions and shared prosperity
219. SIAHE3_160308_140.JPG: Consumer Advocacy
220. SIAHE3_160308_153.JPG: Courtroom model of Ford Pinto, 1980
221. SIAHE3_160308_154.JPG: Ralph Nader, Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-in Dangers of the American Automobile, 1965
222. SIAHE3_160308_158.JPG: Ralph Nader, Byron Bloch, 1978
223. SIAHE3_160308_161.JPG: Safety
224. SIAHE3_160308_172.JPG: Lawn darts, about 1970
225. SIAHE3_160308_175.JPG: Dangerous Toys
226. SIAHE3_160308_177.JPG: An Agency to Protect Consumers?
227. SIAHE3_160308_180.JPG: Peanuts comic strip by Charles M. Schulz, 1977: Lucy, in the role of a bossy consumer advocate, illustrated the tension between personal liberty and the common good.
228. SIAHE3_160308_186.JPG: The Energy Crisis
229. SIAHE3_160308_189.JPG: Reddy Kilowatt puppet, 1970s
230. SIAHE3_160308_194.JPG: "Sorry! Last Car in This Line," 1973: Gas station owners placed signs like this one on the back bumpers of cars, designating the last car to be served.
231. SIAHE3_160308_197.JPG: Gas price numbers, late 1970s: Esso price numbers from Closter, New Jersey, mark a turning point in gas pricing, when fuel jumped above the $1.00 per gallon level for the first time.
232. SIAHE3_160308_200.JPG: Oil Crisis of the 1970s
233. SIAHE3_160308_204.JPG: Editorial cartoon, "Trust Me," Doug Marlette, 1973-1974
234. SIAHE3_160308_207.JPG: President Jimmy Carter's cardigan, 1977
235. SIAHE3_160308_218.JPG: Honeywell thermostat, Silver T832 Day-Night Round, 1960
236. SIAHE3_160308_222.JPG: Personal Computing
237. SIAHE3_160308_225.JPG: TRS-80 model 1 monitor, 1977
238. SIAHE3_160308_229.JPG: The TRS-80 Computer Whiz Kids, DC Comics, 1980
239. SIAHE3_160308_233.JPG: Altair 8800 microcomputer, 1975
240. SIAHE3_160308_243.JPG: "The Chip," National Geographic, 1982
241. SIAHE3_160308_256.JPG: Intel 8080A 8-bit microprocessor, 1974
242. SIAHE3_160308_261.JPG: Consumer Era 1940s-1970s
243. SIAHE3_160308_264.JPG: Debating Enterprise The Global Era (1970s-2010s) Since the founding of the country, opinion makers had debated the role of government in the lives of producers and consumers, the regulation of business, and the issue of opportunity and equality. Now the debate had global ramifications. "I think greed is healthy. You can be greedy and still feel good about yourself." -- Stockbroker Ivan Boesky believed that accumulating money and goods was no sin. "I'm not an anarchist, but I am persuaded that the problem of our society today is too much government, not too little." -- Economist Milton Friedman advocated a limited role for government in the American economy. "The liberal idea is that everyone should have fair access and fair opportunity. This is not equality of result. It's equality of opportunity. There's a fundamental difference." -- Secretary of Labor Robert Reich maintained that access to opportunity was the right of all American citizens.
244. SIAHE3_160308_268.JPG: "I think greed is healthy. You can be greedy and still feel good about yourself." -- Stockbroker Ivan Boesky believed that accumulating money and goods was no sin.
245. SIAHE3_160308_273.JPG: "I'm not an anarchist, but I am persuaded that the problem of our society today is too much government, not too little." -- Economist Milton Friedman advocated a limited role for government in the American economy.
246. SIAHE3_160308_279.JPG: "The liberal idea is that everyone should have fair access and fair opportunity. This is not equality of result. It's equality of opportunity. There's a fundamental difference." -- Secretary of Labor Robert Reich maintained that access to opportunity was the right of all American citizens.
247. SIAHE3_160308_283.JPG: Hotpoint refrigerator, about 1960
248. SIAHE3_160308_288.JPG: Frozen Food
249. SIAHE3_160308_294.JPG: Tupperware
250. SIAHE3_160308_297.JPG: Electric Appliances
251. SIAHE3_160308_302.JPG: Coffeemaster, 1950s-1960s
252. SIAHE3_160308_305.JPG: Kenmore "elevator" toaster, 1957
253. SIAHE3_160308_306.JPG: Sunbeam Mixmaster, about 1955
254. SIAHE3_160308_309.JPG: "More is Better"
255. SIAHE3_160308_316.JPG: Kentucky Fried Chicken weathervane, 1960s
256. SIAHE3_160308_319.JPG: Franchise America
257. SIAHE3_160308_322.JPG: Chicken bucket, about 1969
258. SIAHE3_160308_326.JPG: Kentucky Fried Chicken
259. SIAHE3_160308_331.JPG: Howard Johnson's hotel keys, 1960s-1970s
260. SIAHE3_160308_335.JPG: Howard Johnson's
261. SIAHE3_160308_340.JPG: Howard Johnson's platter, 1950s-1960s
262. SIAHE3_160308_343.JPG: Howard Johnson's children's plate, 1950s-1960s
263. SIAHE3_160308_349.JPG: Fast and Furious
264. SIAHE3_160308_353.JPG: Myra and Drew Goodman
265. SIAHE3_160308_357.JPG: Ryuji Ishii
266. SIAHE3_160308_360.JPG: Michael Bloomberg
267. SIAHE3_160308_364.JPG: Warren Buffett
268. SIAHE3_160308_367.JPG: Maria Durazo
269. SIAHE3_160308_370.JPG: Robert Fraley
270. SIAHE3_160308_374.JPG: Derived from Monsanto's first genetically engineered petunias in 1983
271. SIAHE3_160308_381.JPG: Gordon and Carole Segal
272. SIAHE3_160308_384.JPG: Dora Hilda Escobar
273. SIAHE3_160308_387.JPG: Henry Paulson
274. SIAHE3_160308_390.JPG: Motorola cell phone, 2007-2008
275. SIAHE3_160308_393.JPG: Balbir Singh Sodhi 1949-2001 Merchant of Promise Escaping the persecution of Sikhs in India, Sodhi hoped to use his engineering degree in the United States, but drove a taxi for twenty years. He saved enough money to open a gas station in Arizona. Mistaken for a Muslim days after September 11, 2001, he was murdered outside his station.
276. SIAHE3_160308_401.JPG: Sikh turban, 2001
277. SIAHE3_160308_407.JPG: Sara Blakely
278. SIAHE3_160308_415.JPG: Global Era 1980s-Present
279. SIAHE3_160308_417.JPG: Global Era 1980s-Present
280. SIAHE3_160308_423.JPG: Uncut wafer with Tri-Gate chips, 2011: It took hundreds of Intel scientists four years to move from proof of concept to manufacturing 3-D transistors at high quality and a competitive price.
281. SIAHE3_160308_430.JPG: 1948 1 transistor
282. SIAHE3_160308_441.JPG: Research & Development
283. SIAHE3_160308_443.JPG: Walt Disney World vacation souvenir, 1996
284. SIAHE3_160308_446.JPG: Education Debt
285. SIAHE3_160308_448.JPG: Tuition protest, American University, Washington, DC, 2013
286. SIAHE3_160308_455.JPG: Cartoon and graduation tassel, 2010s: In 2011 nearly 20 percent of US households owed a total of about one trillion dollars in student loans. Bankruptcy provided no relief from student loans.
287. SIAHE3_160308_459.JPG: Home Mortgage Debt
288. SIAHE3_160308_465.JPG: Personal Debt
289. SIAHE3_160308_472.JPG: Cool Shoppin' Barbie, 1997
290. SIAHE3_160308_486.JPG: In Debt
291. SIAHE3_160308_494.JPG: Motorola DynaTAC cell phone, about 1989
292. SIAHE3_160308_497.JPG: iPod MP3 player, 2004 Walkman cassette player, 1980
293. SIAHE3_160308_537.JPG: Game Boy, 1989
294. SIAHE3_160308_541.JPG: Hewlett Packard calculator watch, 1977
295. SIAHE3_160308_544.JPG: Magellan GPS receiver labeled in Arabic, 1992
296. SIAHE3_160308_547.JPG: Prisoner ankle bracelet, about 1990
297. SIAHE3_160308_553.JPG: Canon Powershot digital camera, about 2004
298. SIAHE3_160308_556.JPG: Going Mobile
299. SIAHE3_160308_559.JPG: Prisoner ankle bracelet, about 1990
300. SIAHE3_160308_562.JPG: Garbage
301. SIAHE3_160308_568.JPG: Environmental protest buttons, 1990s
302. SIAHE3_160308_571.JPG: Polystyrene Chicken McNugget container, about 1985 Biodegradable Chicken McNugget container, 1999
303. SIAHE3_160308_574.JPG: Food
304. SIAHE3_160308_580.JPG: Clean Air
305. SIAHE3_160308_586.JPG: Environmental protest buttons, 1990s
306. SIAHE3_160308_593.JPG: Seafood Watch pocket guide, about 1999
307. SIAHE3_160308_596.JPG: Worker instructional sign, about 2010
308. SIAHE3_160308_599.JPG: SC Johnson wind turbine model, dedication ceremony souvenir, 2012
309. SIAHE3_160308_601.JPG: Green Business
310. SIAHE3_160308_611.JPG: F-1 to H-1B Visa
311. SIAHE3_160308_614.JPG: Immigrant Labor
312. SIAHE3_160308_617.JPG: Where Did it Come From?
313. SIAHE3_160308_619.JPG: Who Makes the Rules?
314. SIAHE3_160308_622.JPG: Debating Trade
315. SIAHE3_160308_634.JPG: Aztec mask from KCOR Radio and TV Building, San Antonio, Texas
316. SIAHE3_160308_643.JPG: American Agriculture
317. SIAHE3_160308_647.JPG: "Say no to plumping" sticker and toy, 2009
318. SIAHE3_160308_655.JPG: Tractor guidance device, 2004
319. SIAHE3_160308_665.JPG: Roundup Ready soybean souvenir, 1996
320. SIAHE3_160308_671.JPG: Food
321. SIAHE3_160308_675.JPG: Coca-Cola can, 1999 Cola Turka can, 2012
322. SIAHE3_160308_681.JPG: Globalization
323. SIAHE3_160308_687.JPG: Glass paperweight, 2001: Knickknacks remind senior managers to "think globally." This paperweight, recovered from the debris of the World Trade Center, is a symbol of globalization gone wrong.
324. SIAHE3_160308_695.JPG: Radio Shack calculator, early 1980s
325. SIAHE3_160308_706.JPG: Japanese McDonald's sign, 1975
326. SIAHE3_160308_711.JPG: Children's pajamas, 1996: Offshore production lowered manufacturing costs, but could be considered exploitation. Haitian garment workers earned six cents for every $19.99 pair of "101 Dalmations" pajamas.
327. SIAHE3_160308_716.JPG: Delivery truck model, 2012 Container seal, 1999
328. SIAHE3_160308_723.JPG: Credit card, 1993
329. SIAHE3_160308_730.JPG: Scanning gun, about 1996
330. SIAHE3_160308_733.JPG: Cutting instructions, 2002
331. SIAHE3_160308_738.JPG: Retail
332. SIAHE3_160308_741.JPG: Finance
333. SIAHE3_160308_744.JPG: Milton Friedman's briefcase, about 2004
334. SIAHE3_160308_747.JPG: Laffer curve napkin, 1974
335. SIAHE3_160308_753.JPG: Ross Perot campaign material, 1992
336. SIAHE3_160308_758.JPG: Deal souvenirs, 1988, 2002, 2008
337. SIAHE3_160308_761.JPG: Bond trader's workplace, about 2008
338. SIAHE3_160308_767.JPG: Ed O'Connor's trader's jacket, 1990s
339. SIAHE3_160308_769.JPG: PC's Limited computer, 1985: THis machine was among the first made by Michael Dell. He and others pioneered low-cost computers that gave consumers desktop power and Internet access.
340. SIAHE3_160308_775.JPG: FBI most wanted poster, 2014
341. SIAHE3_160308_788.JPG: America OnLine installation disk, 1990s iTunes gift card, 2012 Electronic benefit card, 2004
342. SIAHE3_160308_791.JPG: Corkboard server, 1999: Stanford graduate students Larry Page and Sergey Brin scrounged used parts to build servers, including this one, as they redefined web searching and created Google.
343. SIAHE3_160308_794.JPG: Networks
344. SIAHE3_160308_796.JPG: Earnings
345. SIAHE3_160308_801.JPG: Real Wages of All Workers
346. SIAHE4_160308_006.JPG: Advertising Business
347. SIAHE4_160308_017.JPG: Patent Medicine Pioneers, 1850s-1920s
348. SIAHE4_160308_024.JPG: Early Years, 1750s-1850s
349. SIAHE4_160308_026.JPG: Volney B. Palmer
350. SIAHE4_160308_033.JPG: Scrapbook of patent medicine trade cards, 1870s-1900
351. SIAHE4_160308_038.JPG: Munyon's display box, about 1893
352. SIAHE4_160308_041.JPG: J. Walter Thompson
353. SIAHE4_160308_044.JPG: Patent Medicines, 1850s-1920s
354. SIAHE4_160308_070.JPG: Establishing the Business 1870s-1910s
355. SIAHE4_160308_076.JPG: 1870s-1910s
356. SIAHE4_160308_078.JPG: N.W. Ayer & Son
357. SIAHE4_160308_085.JPG: Stereotypes
358. SIAHE4_160308_093.JPG: Branding
359. SIAHE4_160308_095.JPG: Promoting the Trade
360. SIAHE4_160308_104.JPG: Tobacconist's shop figure, 1870-1910
361. SIAHE4_160308_125.JPG: 1920s-1930s
362. SIAHE4_160308_127.JPG: An Industry and Cultural Force 1920s-1930s
363. SIAHE4_160308_133.JPG: Direct to your Door
364. SIAHE4_160308_142.JPG: Helen Rosen Woodward Helen Lansdowne Resor
365. SIAHE4_160308_153.JPG: Criticism
366. SIAHE4_160308_163.JPG: Philco 16B Cathedral Radio, 1931 Alka-Seltzer counter display, with radio star Uncle Ezra, about 1930
367. SIAHE4_160308_178.JPG: A Friendly Face
368. SIAHE4_160308_182.JPG: Outdoor Advertising
369. SIAHE4_160308_184.JPG: Commercial Radio
370. SIAHE4_160308_187.JPG: Bruce Barton
371. SIAHE4_160308_200.JPG: Leo Burnett
372. SIAHE4_160308_217.JPG: Madison Avenue 1940s-1960s
373. SIAHE4_160308_221.JPG: 1940s-1960s
374. SIAHE4_160308_226.JPG: Walter Landor
375. SIAHE4_160308_229.JPG: Joan Murray and Raymond League William "Bill" Bernbach
376. SIAHE4_160308_240.JPG: Television
377. SIAHE4_160308_243.JPG: The Creative Revolution
378. SIAHE4_160308_246.JPG: Crossing the Color Line
379. SIAHE4_160308_256.JPG: From Mass to Targeted Markets 1970s-2000s
380. SIAHE4_160308_260.JPG: 1970s-2000s
381. SIAHE4_160308_266.JPG: Tera A. ZUbizarreta
382. SIAHE4_160308_267.JPG: Fred/Alan
383. SIAHE4_160308_282.JPG: Super Bowl
384. SIAHE4_160308_286.JPG: Latino Marketing
385. SIAHE4_160308_289.JPG: MTV
386. SIAHE4_160308_292.JPG: Legg's egg, 1970
387. SIAHE4_160308_308.JPG: Globalization
388. SIAHE4_160308_310.JPG: The Digital Age
389. SIAHE4_160308_317.JPG: Public Service
390. SIAHE4_160308_332.JPG: Heads, arm, and leg of Vince and Larry, Crash Test Dummies, 1980s
391. SIAHE4_160308_337.JPG: Clio Award for Crash Test Dummies ad campaign, 1986
392. SIAHEN_160307_009.JPG: Red River cart, mid-1800s
393. SIAHEN_160307_020.JPG: Making a Monopoly Metis Fur Traders
394. SIAHEN_160307_024.JPG: Metis Fur Traders
395. SIAHEN_160307_035.JPG: Global Business The China Trade
396. SIAHEN_160307_040.JPG: The China Trade
397. SIAHEN_160307_043.JPG: Tea chest, late 1700s: George Washington owned this Chinese-made tea chest. Merchants imported many grades of tea at different prices, enabling nearly all Americans to enjoy tea.
398. SIAHEN_160307_046.JPG: Fan, mid-1800s
399. SIAHEN_160307_054.JPG: Merchant Era 1779s-1850s
400. SIAHEN_160307_057.JPG: Merchant Era, 1770s-1850s
401. SIAHEN_160307_063.JPG: Debating Enterprise The Merchant Era (1770s-1850s) The nation's founders had strong -- and often different -- views about the future of American Enterprise. "I indulge a fond, perhaps an enthusiastic idea... that the subjects of ambition and causes for hostility are daily diminishing... that the period is not very remote, when the benefits of a library and free commerce will... succeed to the devastations and horrors of war." -- President George Washington believed the new nation should aggressively pursue economic growth and trade "Those who labour in the earth are the chosen people of God... while we have land to labour then, let us never wish to see our citizens occupied at a workbench." -- Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson thought that the country's future lay in farming, not factory, work "Manufacturing establishments not only occasion a positive augmentation of the produce and revenue of the society... they contribute essentially to rendering them greater than they could possibly be, without such establishments." -- Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton believed that the United States should establish a balanced economy based on industry.
402. SIAHEN_160307_070.JPG: "I indulge a fond, perhaps an enthusiastic idea... that the subjects of ambition and causes for hostility are daily diminishing... that the period is not very remote, when the benefits of a library and free commerce will... succeed to the devastations and horrors of war." -- President George Washington believed the new nation should aggressively pursue economic growth and trade
403. SIAHEN_160307_072.JPG: "Those who labour in the earth are the chosen people of God... while we have land to labour then, let us never wish to see our citizens occupied at a workbench." -- Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson thought that the country's future lay in farming, not factory, work
404. SIAHEN_160307_075.JPG: "Manufacturing establishments not only occasion a positive augmentation of the produce and revenue of the society... they contribute essentially to rendering them greater than they could possibly be, without such establishments." -- Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton believed that the United States should establish a balanced economy based on industry.
405. SIAHEN_160307_081.JPG: William Ramsay's desk and bookcase, mis-1700s
406. SIAHEN_160307_090.JPG: Buying and Selling The Merchant's Role
407. SIAHEN_160307_094.JPG: 1770
408. SIAHEN_160307_098.JPG: Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte
409. SIAHEN_160307_100.JPG: Paul Revere
410. SIAHEN_160307_103.JPG: Samuel Slater
411. SIAHEN_160307_112.JPG: Patrick Lyon
412. SIAHEN_160307_113.JPG: DeWitt Clinton
413. SIAHEN_160307_116.JPG: Counterfeit bill by Burroughs, Union Bank, Boston, Massachusetts, 1807
414. SIAHEN_160307_126.JPG: DeWitt Clinton on thousand-dollar bill, 1880
415. SIAHEN_160307_132.JPG: Stephen Burroughs
416. SIAHEN_160307_135.JPG: John Jacob Astor
417. SIAHEN_160307_138.JPG: Isaac Bernheim
418. SIAHEN_160307_142.JPG: Anton Delkin
419. SIAHEN_160307_145.JPG: Pocket watch, made by Anton Delkin, 1906
420. SIAHEN_160307_149.JPG: Jose Antonio Navarro
421. SIAHEN_160307_156.JPG: Jemmy
422. SIAHEN_160307_162.JPG: Elizabeth Keckley
423. SIAHEN_160307_178.JPG: Goodyear rubber napkin ring, 1850s
424. SIAHEN_160307_181.JPG: Morse-Vail telegraph key, 1844
425. SIAHEN_160307_184.JPG: Colt Holster Model Paterson Revolver No. 5, 1839
426. SIAHEN_160307_186.JPG: Eli Whitney
427. SIAHEN_160307_189.JPG: Courtroom cotton gin model, about 1800
428. SIAHEN_160307_196.JPG: Sarah Winnemucca
429. SIAHEN_160307_199.JPG: Cornelius Vanderbilt
430. SIAHEN_160307_202.JPG: James DeWolf
431. SIAHEN_160307_206.JPG: Afong May
432. SIAHEN_160307_209.JPG: James and John Ritty
433. SIAHEN_160307_214.JPG: James and John Ritty
434. SIAHEN_160307_220.JPG: Andrew Carnegie
435. SIAHEN_160307_225.JPG: Thomas Edison
436. SIAHEN_160307_228.JPG: Edison talking doll, about 1890
437. SIAHEN_160307_233.JPG: Edison light bulb, 1879
438. SIAHEN_160307_235.JPG: "Freedom requires that government keep the channels of competition and opportunity open, prevent monopolies, economic abuse, and domination." -- Herbert Hoover
439. SIAHEN_160307_237.JPG: Alexander Graham Bell
440. SIAHEN_160307_239.JPG: Single-pole magneto telephone exhibited by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876
441. SIAHEN_160307_244.JPG: Leo Baekeland
442. SIAHEN_160307_248.JPG: Leo Baekeland lab notebook, 1907 Bakelite jewelry, about 1930
443. SIAHEN_160307_254.JPG: Corporate Era 1860s-1930s
444. SIAHEN_160307_261.JPG: Debating Enterprise The Corporate Era (1860s-1930s) Business and political leaders disagreed over the power of big business and whether it endangered the balance between private gain and common good. "And while the law of competition may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department." -- Industrialist Andrew Carnegie contended that competition strengthened the country "We can either have democracy in this country or we can have great wealth concentrated in the hands of the few; but we can't have both." -- Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis worried that the wealthy few would overwhelm the rights of the many "The great corporations which we have grown to speak of rather loosely as trusts are the creatures of the State, and the State not only has the right to control them, but it is duty bound to control them wherever the need of such control is shown." -- President Theodore Roosevelt recognized that the government was obligated to control big business
445. SIAHEN_160307_264.JPG: "And while the law of competition may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department." -- Industrialist Andrew Carnegie contended that competition strengthened the country
446. SIAHEN_160307_267.JPG: "We can either have democracy in this country or we can have great wealth concentrated in the hands of the few; but we can't have both." -- Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis worried that the wealthy few would overwhelm the rights of the many
447. SIAHEN_160307_270.JPG: "The great corporations which we have grown to speak of rather loosely as trusts are the creatures of the State, and the State not only has the right to control them, but it is duty bound to control them wherever the need of such control is shown." -- President Theodore Roosevelt recognized that the government was obligated to control big business
448. SIAHEN_160307_274.JPG: Transforming Agriculture From Old to New
449. SIAHEN_160307_275.JPG: From Old to New
450. SIAHEN_160307_284.JPG: Horses to Horsepower: What revolutionized farming in the early 1900s?
451. SIAHEN_160307_310.JPG: Lee Lok
452. SIAHEN_160307_313.JPG: Lewis Latimer
453. SIAHEN_160307_317.JPG: John Pierpont (J.P.) Morgan
454. SIAHEN_160307_322.JPG: Amadeo Giannini
455. SIAHEN_160307_325.JPG: Fordson tractor, 1920s: As gas-powered tractors dropped in price, farmers moved away from horse-drawn equipment. Seventy-five percent of tractors purchased in 1923 were Fordsons.
456. SIAHEN_160307_334.JPG: Gideon Sundback
457. SIAHEN_160307_345.JPG: King Gillette
458. SIAHEN_160307_351.JPG: Schemers
459. SIAHEN_160307_355.JPG: Charles Ponzi
460. SIAHEN_160307_358.JPG: Sarah Howe
461. SIAHEN_160307_364.JPG: John Keely
462. SIAHEN_160307_367.JPG: Schemers
463. SIAHEN_160307_371.JPG: Madame C.J. Walker
464. SIAHEN_160307_377.JPG: Addie Card
465. SIAHEN_160307_382.JPG: Florence Kelley
466. SIAHEN_160307_386.JPG: Notebook with slogan "Insist of Clothing Bearing This Label, United Garment Workers of America," 1907
467. SIAHEN_160307_390.JPG: Tei Shida Saito
468. SIAHEN_160307_395.JPG: Harold Lee
469. SIAHEN_160307_401.JPG: Barbara McClintock Hattie Carnegie
470. SIAHEN_160307_409.JPG: Ida Rosenthal
471. SIAHEN_160307_413.JPG: Hattie Carnegie
472. SIAHEN_160307_419.JPG: Hay by Hattie Carnegie, about 1950
473. SIAHEN_160307_424.JPG: William McKnight
474. SIAHEN_160307_427.JPG: Herbert Hoover
475. SIAHEN_160307_431.JPG: Alfred P. Sloan
476. SIAHEN_160307_435.JPG: Henry Heinz
477. SIAHEN_160310_001.JPG: Merchant Era 1770s-1850s
478. SIAHEN_160310_009.JPG: 1770s-1860s
479. SIAHEN_160310_016.JPG: 1870s-1910s
480. SIAHEN_160310_027.JPG: 1920s-1930s
481. SIAHEN_160310_033.JPG: 1940s-1960s
482. SIAHEN_160310_039.JPG: 1970s-2000s
483. SIAHEN_160310_047.JPG: Patent Medicine Pioneers, 1850s-1920s Early Years, 1750s-1850s
484. SIAHEN_160310_051.JPG: Patent Medicine Pioneers, 1850s-1920s
485. SIAHEN_160310_058.JPG: Early Years, 1750s-1850s
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Description of Subject Matter: American Enterprise
July 1, 2015 – Permanent
American Enterprise chronicles the tumultuous interaction of capitalism and democracy that resulted in the continual remaking of American business—and American life. It traces the development of the United States from a small dependent agricultural nation to one of the world's largest economies through the following 4 chronological eras: the Merchant Era (1770s – 1850s), the Corporate Era (1860s – 1930s), the Consumer Era (1940s – 1970s), and the Global Era (1980s – 2010s). Highlights include:
* John Deere’s plow
* Eli Whitney’s cotton gin
* Barbara McClintock’s microscope
* Stanley Cohen’s recombinant DNA research notebook
* Alexander Graham Bell’s first telephones
* Alfred Bloomingdale’s personal credit cards
* a New York Stock Exchange booth from 1929
* an early Monopoly board game
* one of Michael Dell’s early computers
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