Satire Between the Freedom of Expression and the Freedom of Religion - When Art Challenges What Fundamentalists Insist On...
Some people have demanded that lines should be drawn with respect to “acceptable” and “unacceptable” forms of provocation. Is there such a thing as “acceptable” or “unacceptable” satire? This question is heavily influenced by political and cultural values and principles. For Europeans, political satire, comics, and cartoons have been integral part of culture since the Enlightenment. Satirical cartoons are an inherent part of culture in France and elsewhere in the world – a tradition at the heart of the legitimate exercise of free speech.
The recent terrorist attacks in Paris against Charlie Hebdo and the controversy ten years ago related to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons raise some fundamental questions. Does an offensive or disrespectful portrayal of the Prophet Mohammed in a satirical cartoon realize or betray European values of pluralism and multiculturalism? Some media in the US and in Islamic countries refrained from reprinting the international signature cartoon “Je suis Charlie” after the terror attacks. Is this self-censorship a benchmark for an inclusive society or a characteristic lack of freedom of expression?
How do we defend the freedom of secular-artistic expression against other peoples’ religiously-motivated fundamental rejection of such satire? How do we show respect towards those individuals who do not necessarily take part in or support the secular culture of their own country? Finally, how can we successfully integrate two fundamental pillars of transatlantic societies - respect for religious belief/practice and free expression of ideas - to create the open and pluralistic communities towards which we as Europeans and Americans have been striving for centuries?
Lectrr (Steven Degryse):
Lectrr (Steven Degryse) is a Belgian cartoonist, best known for his daily political cartoons in De Standaard. Over the past decade he has been publishing all over Europe, both as an editorial cartoonist and as a syndicated single panel cartoonist, in magazines such as Helsingsborgs Dagblad (Sweden), Prospect Magazine (UK), Nieuwe Revu (The Netherlands), Veronica Magazine (The Netherlands), Kretèn (Hungary) and many others. His work has been published in over ten languages and 15 books. Lectrr is a member of the jury in Knokke-Heist, the oldest cartoon festival in the world, and was nominated multiple times for the Press Cartoon Belgium and the Press Cartoon Europe awards.
(KAL) Kevin Kallaugher:
Kevin Kallaugher (KAL) is the international award-winning editorial cartoonist for The Economist magazine of London and The Baltimore Sun. In a distinguished career that spans 37 years, Kal has created over 8,000 cartoons and 140 magazine covers. His resumé includes six collections of his published work, including his celebrated anthology of Economist cartoons titled Daggers Drawn (2013). In 2015, KAL was awarded the Grand Prix for Cartoon of the Year in Europe, The Herblock Prize for Cartoonist of the Year in the US and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in Editorial Cartooning. In 1999, The World Encyclopedia of Cartoons said of Kevin "Commanding a masterful style, Kallaugher stands among the premier caricaturists of the (twentieth) century."
Ann Telnaes:
Ann Telnaes creates animated editorial cartoons and a blog of print cartoons, animated gifs, and sketches for the Washington Post. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 2001 for her print cartoons. Telnaes’ print work was shown in a solo exhibition at the Great Hall in the Thomas Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress in 2004. Her first book, Humor’s Edge, was published in 2004. A collection of Vice President Cheney cartoons, Dick, was self-published by Telnaes and Sara Thaves in 2006. Her work has also been exhibited in Paris, Jerusalem, and Lisbon.
Matt Wuerker:
Matt Wuerker is the staff cartoonist for POLITICO. Part of the team that launched POLITICO in 2006, he provides editorial cartoons, illustrations, caricatures and Web animations for both the print and Web platforms of the publication. Over the past 35 years, Matt’s cartoons have been used widely in publications that range from dailies like the Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post and The Christian Science Monitor to magazines such as Newsweek, The Nation and The Smithsonian. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 2012. In 2010, he was awarded the Herblock Prize at the Library of Congress, and the National Press Foundation’s Berryman Award.
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